Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Comparison of The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on The Performance of SMES/MSMEs in Indonesia in The Pre-Pandemic Period and Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis Approach
Get PDFBackground: The number of research publications examining the correlation between entrepreneurial orientation and performance in Indonesia increased significantly from January 2015 to June 2023. However, the findings have been inconsistent, with entrepreneurial orientation reported to have large, medium, small, neutral, or even negative effects on the performance of SMEs/MSMEs. This variation has led to confusion regarding the actual strength of the correlation between these two variables.Purpose: This study aims to determine the actual influence of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of SMEs/MSMEs in Indonesia under two different turbulent business environments.Method: A meta-analysis approach was employed, utilizing secondary data sourced from research articles in Indonesia indexed in the Science and Technology Index (SINTA), Copernicus, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Scopus.Findings: During the pre-pandemic period (Industrial 4.0 boom), entrepreneurial orientation had a positive influence on the performance of SMEs/MSMEs in Indonesia, with an effect size of r=0.25–0.34r = 0.25 – 0.34 (mean r=0.30r = 0.30, p<0.001p < 0.001). In the pandemic period, the effect size was r=0.24–0.32r = 0.24 – 0.32 (mean r=0.28r = 0.28, p<0.001p < 0.001). According to Cohen’s classification, these effects are small to moderate but significant. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference between the two periods (p=0.71,>0.05p = 0.71, > 0.05).Conclusion: The influence of entrepreneurial orientation on SME/MSME performance remains consistent across different turbulent business environments, with a small to moderate effect.Originality/Value (State of the Art): This study demonstrates how meta-analysis can synthesize varying research findings in the field of management to provide more robust conclusions. It offers a clearer understanding of the extent to which entrepreneurial orientation impacts the performance of SMEs/MSMEs in Indonesia.
Keywords: entrepreneurial orientation, business performance, variations, meta-analysi
Destination Service Quality and Destination Image To Enhance Revisit Intention: Role of Perceive Risk in Post-Covid-19 Era
Get PDFBackground: The tourism industry has made an important contribution to the economy and society in various countries, including Indonesia. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine Destination Service Quality (DSQ) on Destination image and the revisit intention of tourists. By exploring and understanding the specific aspects of service quality, this study provide better comprehend how these elements contribute to a tourist\u27s overall satisfaction and their likelihood to revisit. Tourists\u27 perceived risk is examined as a moderating variable.Design/methodology/approach: This study used Quantitative method. This study surveyed 295 local and international tourists who met the criteria. This research utilizes PLS-SEM 7.0, a flexible statistical method for hypothesis testing, ideal for complex models with multiple variables. Findings/Result: The results of this study prove that the dimensions of destination service quality: accommodation, hospitality, cleanliness, and airport service, positively influence the destination image. The destination image has a positive effect on revisit intention. Conclusion: The findings prove that destination image is a key factor in determining revisit intention. Despite the influence of various service quality dimensions, the overall perception of the destination strongly drives the revisit intention. The study shows that destination service quality, particularly accommodation, hospitality, cleanliness, and airport service, significantly shapes the positive image of Lampung, encouraging repeat visits. However, the perceived risk, such as health concerns like COVID-19, does not significantly moderate this relationship, indicating that these concerns do not deter tourist\u27s revisit intention.Originality/value (state of the art): This study underscores the theoretical importance of destination image in tourism studies and highlights the practical necessity for destination managers to prioritize and enhance this image to encourage revisit and foster tourist loyalty.
Keywords: destination service quality, destination image, indonesia tourism, revisit intention, perceived risk, tourist behaviou
Quantification and identification of bacterial presence in salted eggs
Get PDFObjective This study aimed to quantify the total bacterial count in salted eggs and identify bacterial species that may affect their quality.
Methods Fifty samples consisted of 10 fresh salted eggs that passed the candling test, 10 portions of pasta dough at 0, 3, and 6 hours, and 10 fresh salted eggs that had failed the candling test (black egg yolk). Each sample was tested in triplicate. The total bacterial count was determined using the plate count agar method, and bacterial identification was based on phenotypic analysis, which included Gram staining and biochemical tests.
Results The total bacterial load in fresh salted eggs was below the maximum limit set by SNI 7388:2009 (1×105 CFU/g), whereas the pasta dough and black egg yolk exceeded this limit. The identified bacteria included Escherichia spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Bacillus spp.
Conclusion Although the bacterial count in salted eggs meets SNI standards, the presence of potentially harmful bacteria highlights the need for enhanced hygiene and sanitation measures to be implemented during the production of salt eggs
Antibacterial Activities of Red Mangrove (Rhizophora stylosa Griff.) Leaf Extract against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603
Get PDFMultidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniaeis a critical pathogen causing severe human diseases, including pneumonia. Combating the growing threat of MDRK. pneumoniae requires innovative approaches, such as exploring plant-derived antibacterial agents. Rhizophora stylosa Griff., a mangrove species with traditional medicinal uses, is recognized for its bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial properties. However, research on its bioactive constituents remains limited. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of R. stylosa leaf extracts prepared via maceration and liquid-liquid fractionation against K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603. Using agar-well diffusion and cell leakage assays, the water fraction demonstrated moderate inhibition of K. pneumoniae, producing an average inhibition zone of 8.24 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 400 mg/ml. UV-Vis spectrophotometry revealed that the water fraction disrupted protein and nucleic acid synthesis, evidenced by leakage of cellular materials at 260 and 280 nm. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of K. pneumoniae cells treated with the water fraction showed pore formation and structural damage. These results emphasize the antibacterial potential of the water fraction of R. stylosa leaves against MDRK. pneumoniae. Further investigations are necessary to isolate and identify the specific bioactive compounds responsible for these effects. Moreover, comprehensive assessments of activity and toxicity are crucial to advance R. stylosa-based antibacterial agents as promising alternatives for addressing the challenge of MDR bacterial infections
Effectiveness of Biolarvicides of Imperata cylindrica, Saccharum spotaneum and Andropogon aciculatus on Aedes aegypti larval Mortality and Egg-laying Ability in Adults
Get PDFVector-borne disease such as Dengue Hemorrghagic (DHF), transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, remain a significant public health concern in Indonesia. Controlling these disease often involves insectides; however, the negative impact of chemical insecticides have prompted interest in organic alternatives derived from plants. Certain weeds, including cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica), wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneoum), and needle grass (Andropogon aciculatus), have shown potential as botanical insecticides. Research findings showed that weed root extracts significantly affect larval mortality rate of Ae. Aegypti. At 1000 ppm, larval mortality was significantly higher compared to 100 ppm and the control, while treatments of 1 ppm and 10 ppm showed similar results to the control. Probit analysis revealed that I. cylindrica root extract achieved an LC50 of 974.99 ppm within 24 hours, indicating it could kill 50% of Ae. Aegypti larvae. Within 48 hours, the LC50 dropped to 889.20 ppm. Toxicity tests further revealed significant differences in Ae. Aegypti egg-laying abilities when treated with extracts. Analysis of variance yielded p-values of 0.000 for egg hatching within 72 and 96 hours, highlighting significant differences across samples. These findings suggest the extracts influence mosquito reproduction, warranting further studies to assess the quality of egg hatched from larvae exposed to these treatments. The potential of botanical insecticides derived from weeds represents a promising step toward sustainable mosquito control in the fight against vector-borne diseases
The Invasive Plant Maeopsis eminii: A Key Dietary Resource for Primates in the Tropical Rainforests of West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFAnimal-plant interactions are crucial for understanding the ecological dynamics and predicting ecosystem changes. This study explores the role of the invasive plant Maesopsis eminii in the Bodogol Nature Reserve, Gunung Gede National Park, West Java, Indonesia, focusing on its interaction with diurnal vertebrate species. Primates, including Javan gibbon and Javan langur, were identified as primary consumers of Maesopsis eminii, with Javan gibbon showing the highest consumption rates. Dietary analysis revealed that both primate species utilized M. eminii fruits and leaves, whereas Javan gibbons relied more on Maesopsis eminii than Javan langurs. Other vertebrates, such as squirrels and birds, are occasional visitors with minimal fruit consumption. This study highlights that Maesopsis eminii is a primary resource of Javan gibbon, Javan langur, and Javan surili. This nearly year-round fruiting plant is crucial for supporting primate populations, especially given its contribution to their diet. Considering the mutualistic interaction between Maesopsis eminii and its visitors, the Javan gibbon was the only species that probably dispersed seeds through endozoochory, making this primate species a crucial part of the dispersal of Maesopsis eminii in Gunung Gede National Park. Because invasive plants can threaten native flora and fauna, future studies must emphasize balancing the beneficial and detrimental effects
Exploration of Lipid Profile and Wax Ester Content from Local Strain Euglena sp. IDN33 Cultivated in Mixotrophic Condition Combined with Molasses Supplementation
Get PDFThe transition from fossil fuels to sustainable renewable energy is currently growing rapidly. Euglena sp. can be the source of biofuel. Molasses, in addition to Euglena sp., can increase the levels of paramylon and wax esters produced. Therefore, this study aims to analyze cell growth, lipid profile, and wax ester content of Euglena sp. cultivated under mixotroph conditions with molasses. Euglena was cultivated under mixotrophic conditions with the addition of various concentrations of molasses (0, 10, 15, and 20 g/L) until the final log phase. Then, measurements were made on cell density, levels of lipids, proteins, and paramylon to measure the growth and metabolites profile of Euglena sp., along with lipid profile and wax ester analysis using GC-MS. The results of the study showed that 10 g/L molasses increased Euglena growth (SGR 0.1736± 0.0213 mg/ml) and carbohydrate (0.426 mg/ml) but reduced lipid accumulation (2.29 mg/ml). This treatment provides the best result before control. Molasses does not increase carbohydrates and protein but increases paramylon accumulation. The GC-MS assay detected more lipid profiles and concentrations of each lipid type in non-molasses-treated Euglena sp. compared to molasses-treated. Euglena was cultivated on molasses, which was dominated by palmitic acid and myristyl myristate with the absence of PUFA-type fatty acids in the cells, while the untreated ones were dominated by stearic acid and myristyl myristate. Thus, 10 g/L supplementation of molasses is the most effective treatment compared to others
Comprehensive Characterization of Phospholipase C and D Families in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.): Identification, Phylogenetics, Gene Structure, and Transcriptomic Insights
Get PDFThis study provides a detailed investigation of the phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD) gene families in cocoa (Theobroma cacao), focusing on their identification, characterization, and expression patterns. A total of 10 PLC and 12 PLD genes was identified and systematically annotated based on their sequence homology, conserved domains, and functional classification, adhering to established nomenclature. Analysis of physicochemical properties revealed diversity in molecular weights, isoelectric points, and stability parameters, reflecting their structural and functional variability. Phylogenetic analysis classified the genes into distinct subfamilies and highlighted their evolutionary relationships with homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa). Gene structure analysis demonstrated significant variation in exon-intron organization, indicating functional specialization and regulatory complexity within these gene families. Expression profiling during cocoa embryo development showed that certain genes, such as TcNPC2, TcPI-PLC5, and TcPLDα1, were highly expressed, while others exhibited stage-specific activity. In response to Phytophthora megakarya infection, several PLC and PLD genes displayed significant changes in expression across different time points and genotypes, including the upregulation of TcPI-PLC2, TcPLDα5, and TcPLDζ2, suggesting their roles in cocoa\u27s stress responses and defense mechanisms. These findings offer new insights into the biological roles of PLC and PLD gene families in cocoa, particularly in growth, development, and stress adaptation, providing a solid foundation for further functional research and potential applications in cocoa improvement programs
Big Data-Driven Risk Analysis of Environmental Grievances in the Palm Oil Industry for Sustainable Decision-Making
No full textThe expansion of the palm oil industry affects environmental sustainability. This study aims to assess palm oil\u27s environmental grievances reported pre- and post-Covid-19. A hybrid of data-driven and multicriteria decision-making analyses was used to analyze unstructured data from nine companies\u27 grievance logs. A total of 884 cases with the trend peaking in 2019. Predominantly deforestation, a total of 564 cases affecting ~66,716.23 ha in Indonesia, 312 cases affecting ~49,704.97 ha in Malaysia, 6 cases affecting ~43,500 ha in Papua New Guinea, and 2 cases in the Philippines. Network analysis reveals that the environmental grievances affected multiple companies, with WILMAR suppliers at the center. On average, companies take ~100 days to resolve. Clustering analysis shows Sime Darby Oil, WILMAR, KLK, and Mewah Group have influences on addressing grievances in high-risk provinces. Quantile-quadrant analysis reveals that provinces in Kalimantan, Pahang, and Sarawak are in the high-risk quadrant and therefore require immediate mitigation plans. This finding points toward the need for the formation of a private consortium among identified key players and local government in the high-risk region as a new strategy to improve management of environmental sustainability issues that predominantly involve deforestation.
 
Potential Habitats of Siamese Crocodiles and False Gharials in East Kalimantan for Conflict Resolution
Get PDFConcerns in crocodiles sustainability have long been overlooked, due to humans fear of its ferocity and unresolved human-crocodile conflicts. The siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) and false gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii) are considered threatened by the IUCN red list because of their limited range and declining populations. In this study we developed habitat suitability model for both species and overlaid with anthropogenic factors to mitigate conflict between crocodiles and human in Mesangat-Suwi Wetland, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. We collected species presence from 2018–2023, measured environmental variables, interviewed 100 respondents, and mapped all information with Maximum Enthropy program (MaxEnt). Results showed that different factors influenced the habitat distribution for each species. Specifically, distance from swamps was affected the most for both crocodiles. Our model found that the potential habitat was much smaller than the non-potential ones due to humans’ intrusion. Much of the Mesangat-Suwi area was covered in high-conflict zones between humans and crocodiles, endangering both species even more. Hence, serious actions were urgently needed to resolve the conflict, either by prevention and mitigation actions, to ensure human-crocodile coexistence in East Kalimantan