Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Dieffenbachia seguine extract nanoemulsion as an intranasal inflammation-inducing agent in rats
Get PDFBackground Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott, commonly known as the dumb cane, is a tropical ornamental plant known for its toxic and proinflammatory properties. Its potential as a natural inducer of inflammation warrants further investigation, particularly via the intranasal route.
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the proinflammatory effect of D. seguine leaf extract nanoemulsion by measuring the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) following intranasal administration in rats.
Methods Wistar rats (n= 24) were divided into six groups: water for injection (WFI, negative control); emulsion base; lipopolysaccharide (LPS, positive control); and D. seguine extract nanoemulsions at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 4%. Each rat received an intranasal instillation, and IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in the BALF were quantified using ELISA.
Results Only the 4% D. seguine nanoemulsion group showed a significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared to the control. Lower concentrations (1% and 2%) did not induce significant cytokine elevation. All treatment groups showed significantly lower cytokine levels than the LPS group.
Conclusion D. seguine extract nanoemulsion at 4% concentration demonstrates potential as a natural inflammation-inducing agent via the intranasal route, although its effect remains lower than that of LPS
Regulations and academic culture of halal dress in Islamic Coastal Java University from the Imam Madhhab perspective
Get PDFThis study aims to examine how university regulations and academic culture shape halal dress awareness among female students as an expression of Islamic values within the academic sphere. Halal dressing is conceptualized not merely as adherence to sharia but also a symbol of Islamic identity and academic ethics in Islamic higher education institutions. In this study, a qualitative method was used with a phenomenological and descriptive-analytical approach. Data were obtained through interviews with female students, lecturers, and university administrators, as well as direct observations of dressing culture, and a review of regulatory documents concerning Islamic dress codes. Subsequently, data analysis was conducted through reduction, thematic categorization, and interpretation of the fiqh values of the four major Sunni schools of thought, namely Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi‘i, and Hanbali, to identify the meeting point between Islamic legal norms and modern academic culture. The results showed that halal dress regulations at UIN Walisongo and UNISSULA were inclusive, educational, and morally nurturing rather than coercive. According to Imam al-Shafi‘i and Hanbali, complete covering of the aurat represents honor and obedience to sharia, while the Hanafi and Maliki schools provide room for adaptation to local socio-cultural contexts. The academic culture at both universities reflects a synthesis of piety, professionalism, and freedom of expression within the framework of Islamic ethics. The dress code regulations are normative-educational in nature, integrating sharia-based values with academic ethics to foster an awareness of dressing that is not only halal in a legal sense but also thayyib in a moral sense. The success of the halal dress culture in Islamic coastal Java university is determined by the synergy between regulations, spiritual awareness, cross-madhhab fiqh understanding, and the internalization of maq ¯as. id al-syar¯ı‘ah in academic life. In conclusion, this study contributes to developing a model of Islamic academic culture that is moderate, contextual, and characteristic of Islamic coastal Java university
PENGGUNAAN METODE TREE SAMPLING DALAM PENDUGAAN STRUKTUR TEGAKAN, BERAT BASAH DAN VOLUME TEGAKAN GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium): The Use of Tree Sampling Methods in Estimating Stand Structure, Wet Weight and Volume Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) Stands
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate the application of the tree sampling method in estimating the stand structure and wet weight of gamal trees (Gliricidia sepium) as a source of biomass energy. Data collection was carried out in three age class plots (2019, 2020, and 2021) in the RPH Hanjuang Barat, BKPH Lengkong, KPH Sukabumi. Stand structure was obtained through census and tree sampling simulation with variations in the number of sample trees (9, 12, and 15) and sample points (5 and 7). The chi-square test results showed that the tree sampling method with 12 and 15 sample trees at 5 points and 9, 12, and 15 sample trees at 7 points was able to estimate the stand structure that was close to the actual conditions. Estimates of wet weight, and stand volume showed the highest values in the 2019 planting year with 15 sample trees and 7 points, amounting to 81.084 tons ha⁻¹, and 182.650 m³ ha⁻¹, respectively. These results indicate that stand age, number of sample trees, and sampling points affect estimation accuracy. The tree sampling method can potentially be an efficient alternative for biomass stand inventory.This study aims to evaluate the application of the tree sampling method in estimating the stand structure and wet weight of gamal trees (Gliricidia sepium) as a source of biomass energy. Data collection was carried out in three age class plots (2019, 2020, and 2021) in the RPH Hanjuang Barat, BKPH Lengkong, KPH Sukabumi. Stand structure was obtained through census and tree sampling simulation with variations in the number of sample trees (9, 12, and 15) and sample points (5 and 7). The chi-square test results showed that the tree sampling method with 12 and 15 sample trees at 5 points and 9, 12, and 15 sample trees at 7 points was able to estimate the stand structure that was close to the actual conditions. Estimates of wet weight, and stand volume showed the highest values in the 2019 planting year with 15 sample trees and 7 points, amounting to 81.084 tons ha⁻¹, and 182.650 m³ ha⁻¹, respectively. These results indicate that stand age, number of sample trees, and sampling points affect estimation accuracy. The tree sampling method can potentially be an efficient alternative for biomass stand inventory
MONITORING TINGKAT KEKRITISAN LAHAN AKIBAT PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SENTINEL 2A DI KECAMATAN BANYAKAN, KABUPATEN KEDIRI: Monitoring the Criticality Levels of Land Using Sentinel 2A Imagery in Banyakan Subdistrict, Kediri Regency
Get PDFBanyakan Subdistrict, Kediri Regency, is experiencing pressure from the conversion of agricultural land into intensive infrastructure development, which potentially leads to land degradation. This study aims to analyze land cover and monitor land criticality levels in Banyakan Subdistrict for the years 2017 and 2024 using Sentinel-2A imagery. Land cover classification were analyzed using the maximum likelihood classification method. Land criticality was assessed by five parameters: land cover, slope gradient, erosion hazard level, land productivity, and land management. The results show that mixed gardens dominate the land cover classes. There was an increase of 97.22 hectares in open land, mainly due to airport construction. The largest increase in the potentially critical land class occurred in agricultural areas, reaching 466.91 hectares, accompanied by a reduction of 832.73 hectares in the moderately critical land class. These changes indicate that although some land conditions have improved, active land degradation is still ongoing.Banyakan Subdistrict, Kediri Regency, is experiencing pressure from the conversion of agricultural land into intensive infrastructure development, which potentially leads to land degradation. This study aims to analyze land cover and monitor land criticality levels in Banyakan Subdistrict for the years 2017 and 2024 using Sentinel-2A imagery. Land cover classification were analyzed using the maximum likelihood classification method. Land criticality was assessed by five parameters: land cover, slope gradient, erosion hazard level, land productivity, and land management. The results show that mixed gardens dominate the land cover classes. There was an increase of 82.20 hectares in open land, mainly due to airport construction. This land cover change has resulted in an increase in land criticality levels, indicated by an expansion of the critical class by 0.91 hectares and the potentially critical class by 6.97 hectares in protected areas. In agricultural cultivation areas, there was an increase in the non-critical class by 994.14 hectares. Meanwhile, the most significant decrease occurred in production areas within the potentially critical class, which declined by 326.91 hectares. Nevertheless, there was a relatively large increase of 306.61 hectares in the slightly critical class within production areas
Survival and Growth of Sumatran Featherback (Chitala hypselonotus, Bleeker 1852) Reared on Net Cages
Get PDFThe Sumatran featherback (Chitala hypselonotus, Bleeker 1852) is a high-value freshwater fish species in South Sumatra. The local name for this species is belida or belido. In its natural habitat, the population of this species has declined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival, growth, and feed efficiency of C. hypselonotus reared in net cages. This study was conducted from June to August of 2024 in Putak River, Putak Village, Gelumbang District, Muara Enim Regency. C. hypselonotus was reared in net cages (1x1x1 m) for 30 days and fed with live shrimp (Caridina sp.). The experimental method utilizes a comparative study approach. The present study compared two distinct treatments, each with a feeding rate of 3% and 5%, respectively. Each treatment was repeated three times. The data were tabulated with the assistance of the Microsoft Excel 2020 program and subsequently analyzed using the t-test. The results demonstrated that the survival rate of C. hypselonotus was 100% for both treatments. Growth in body weight and total length in the 5% treatment was superior to that of the 3% treatment; however, the t-test results were not significant (P < 0.05). The results of this study provide a starting point for future investigations
Utilization of fish bone charcoal in feed on growth and physiological responses of catfish fry Clarias gariepinus
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess the impact of charcoal inclusion in feed on the physiological responses and growth of catfish. The experiment employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replicates. Charcoal doses in the feed were set at 0% (C0, control), 0.5% (C0.5), 1% (C1), 2% (C2), and 3% (C3). The catfish used weighed 3.95 ± 0.03 g and were kept in 20 hapa units (2×1×1 m³) with a stocking density of 70 fish/hapa for 60 days. The results indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in the hepatosomatic index between treatments, with the highest values recorded in C1 (2.15 ± 0.10b) and C0.5 (1.91 ± 0.19b). However, liver glycogen levels did not significantly vary across treatments (p>0.05). Charcoal supplementation enhanced blood mineral levels (calcium, phosphorus, manganese, and zinc) in the C2 and C3 groups. The highest blood glucose level was observed in C1 (p<0.05). Intestinal histological analysis showed that the highest villi height and surface area were recorded in the C2 group, with values of 540.0 ± 10.2 µm and 34.122 ± 1.311 µm², respectively. Additionally, 2% charcoal supplementation improved final weight, daily growth rate, and protein retention, while reducing feed consumption and the feed conversion ratio compared to the control. Overall, the inclusion of 2% charcoal positively influenced the intestinal histology of catfish, contributing to enhanced growth performance. The study also demonstrated that charcoal addition affected the hepatosomatic index, blood glucose, and blood mineral levels in catfish.
Keywords: catfish, charcoal, growth, physiological response
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian charcoal dalam pakan terhadap respons fisiologis dan pertumbuhan ikan lele. Penelitian dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan dosis charcoal yang yang berbeda yaitu 0 (C0, kontrol), 0.5 (C0,5), 1 (C1), 2 (C2), dan 3% (C3). Ikan lele yang digunakan berbobot 3,95 ± 0,03 g/ekor dipelihara di hapa berukuran 2×1×1 m³ sebanyak 20 unit dengan kepadatan 70 ekor/hapa selama 60 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hepatosomatik indeks beda nyata antar perlakuan (p<0,05) nilai tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan C1 2,15 ± 0,10b dan C0,5 1,91± 0,19b. Penambahan charcoal pada pakan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap glikogen hati (P>0,05). Penambahan charcoal dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan kandungan mineral darah ikan (kalsium, fosfor, mangan, dan zinc) pada perlakuan C2 dan C3. Nilai glukosa darah tertinggi pada pakan yang diberi pakan C1 (p<0,05). Hasil histologi usus menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada tinggi vili dan luas permukaan vili usus terdapat pada perlakuan C2 (2% charcoal) dengan tinggi vili (540,0±10,2 µm) dan luas permukaan vili (34122 ± 1311 µm). Penambahan charcoal 2% pada pakan dapat meningkatkan bobot akhir, laju pertumbuhan harian, retensi protein, menurunkan konsumsi pakan dan feed convertion ratio dibandingkan kontrol. Pemberian charcoal 2% dalam pakan berpengaruh baik terhadap histologi usus ikan lele, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan pada perlakuan C2. Pada penelitian ini juga di temukan bahwa penambahan charcoal dalam pakan berpengaruh terhadap indeks hepatosomatik, glukosa darah, serta mineral darah ikan lele.
Kata kunci : charcoal, ikan lele, pertumbuhan, respons fisiologi
Chemical Components of Essential Oils from Woods of Cinnamomum burmanii (Ness) BL, Santalum album Linn., and Cryptocarya massoia (Oken) Kosterm and Their Application as Antibacterial Additives in Transparent Herbal Soaps
Get PDFThis study aimed to isolate and identify the chemical components of essential oils from woods of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii (Ness) BL), sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.), and massoia (Cryptocarya massoia (Oken) Kosterm) and to determine their effect as additives for transparent herbal soap in terms of their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923 and the soap quality. The results showed that cinnamon, sandalwood, and massoia essential oils contained, respectively, 14, 20, and 9 chemical components, all of which had been identified. The chemical components with the highest percentage contained in the essential oils of cinnamon, sandalwood, and massoia were cinnamaldehyde (91.71%), β-bisabolen (37.79%), and massoia lactone (77.56%), respectively. The soaps’ antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATTC 25923 increased from moderate (with an inhibitory power of 9.67 mm) to strong. The addition of 3% massoia essential oil got the highest inhibitory power of 16.47 mm (strong), followed by that of 3% cinnamon essential oil and 3% sandalwood essential oil, getting 15.37 mm and 12.19 mm, respectively, both of which were considered strong as well. The results of the organoleptic description test showed that each soap had a distinctive color and aroma depending on the type of essential oil added. The quality test results, including transparency, pH, foam stability, water content, and saponification number, indicated that the formulation had good quality
Immune Response to Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Rabbits Immunized with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Get PDFTo evaluate the immune response of a rabbit model to polysaccharide capsules of Streptococcus pneumoniae after primary and booster immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Rabbits were immunized with 0.25 ml of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on Day 0, 7, and 14. Blood of rabbits was collected to measure the specific antibodies against the native polysaccharide capsules of S. pneumoniae serotypes 6B (Anti-Pn6BPS antibodies) and 19F (Anti-19FPS antibodies) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The specific anti-Pn6BPS and anti-Pn19FPS antibodies in the immunized group increased significantly compared to the control rabbit after immunization (P<0.05). The highest titer of anti-Pn6BPS and anti-Pn19FPS antibodies were obtained on Day 21 and Day 28, respectively. The third immunization on Day 21 is a fairly high increase in specific antibodies against polysaccharide type 6B and type 19F. The highest antibody titers against polysaccharide capsules of S. pneumoniae were obtained after booster immunization
Impact of Dietary Variation on Gut Microbiota Composition in Macaca fascicularis at the Primate Research Center, IPB University
Get PDFLong-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis: LTMs) are widely distributed, adaptable primates commonly used as animal models in biomedical research. At primate facilities such as the Dramaga Captive Breeding Facility and the Tinjil Island Natural Habitat Breeding Facility at the Primate Research Center, IPB University, LTMs experience varying diets depending on their captive or semi-wild environments. At Dramaga Captive Breeding Facility, LTMs housed in individual and group cages are provided with different feeding regimens, whereas the semi-wild LTMs on Tinjil Island feed primarily on natural food sources with occasional, very modest provisioning of bananas. Our study\u27s objective is to evaluate these diets\u27 influence on the gut microbiota and overall health of LTMs. Through comparative analysis of fecal microbiomes using 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified distinct gut microbiota profiles between captive and semi-wild LTMs. Semi-wild LTMs displayed a predominance of Proteobacteria, notably Succinivibrio, associated with a high-fiber diet derived from wild plant consumption. In contrast, captive LTMs housed in individual and group cages exhibited dominance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, respectively. These findings suggest that diet is pivotal in shaping gut bacterial profiles, potentially impacting metabolic functions. Our study provides insight into the relationship between certain diets and gut bacterial composition in LTMs across different breeding facilities at the Primate Research Center, IPB University, thereby offering valuable implications for LTMs\u27 welfare and management strategies