ASEAN / Asian Academic Society International Conference (AASIC) Proceeding Series
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Safe Sexual Behavior: the Use of Condom Among Never Married Male Adolescents in Indonesia
Get PDFThe trend of premarital sex among adolescent, especially male in Indonesia has increasing gradually from 5 in 2002/2003 to 8 percent in 2012. In consequence 9 percent of adolescents experience unwanted pregnancy and 5 percent of them suffer for sexual transmitted diseases symptoms (BPS, 2012). The mixed of taboo discussion of condom use, limited access and limited adequate IEC material for never married adolescent had put Indonesian male youth at high risk of unsafe practice. However, there are some of male adolescent who use condom as safe sex practice. Therefore, the study aims to investigate factors affecting condom use at last sexual intercourse among never married male adolescent in Indonesia. Using secondary data from 2012 Indonesia Youth Adolescent Reproductive Health Survey, this study focus on male youth population for less indication of under reporting data. Total of 1,368 never married male adolescent aged 15-24 years old that has been engaged to premarital relationship are selected for this study.Further, logistic regression analysis for nonlinear probability model show that the past behavior of condom use is a strong predictor of condom use at last sex. Male adolescent who use condom at first sexual intercourse are 36 times more likely to use condom at last sexual intercourse. Also, the region of residence have strong impact on safe sex practice. Those who live in Kalimantan region, Java & Bali region and Sumatra region are 2 times more likely to use condom at last sex than those who located in Papua area. As the strong impact of safe practice at first encounter, it is suggested that futher study should be on consistent use of condom to prevent sexual transmitted disease and unwanted pregnancy.
Vertical Profile of Heavy Metal Concentration in Core Sediments of Saguling Lake, West Java Indonesia
Get PDFSaguling lake was built on The Citarum River, The Citarum Watershed is home to the largest industrial area in West Java Province. Several economic activity are performed along Citarum River, including mining and agriculture. The quality of water in the Saguling Lake has been monitored since 1990 by the state agency for environmental control; there are no reports about heavy metals in sedimen of the lake. There is insufficient information for an assessment of heavy metas distribution in the lake. Originally, the Saguling was planned for a single purpose lake to generate electricity. Later, considering the environmental problems of the area, the Saguling was re- planned as a multipurpose lake such as fisheries, agri-aquaculture, and tourism. But, at present, the lake is also used for domestic purposes such as raw water, bathing and washing. Therefore, the aim of this work is to quantity Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn levels in the core sediments of Saguling Lake section Nanjung, Batujajar, and Maroko. Metals Pollution Index were used for the environmental assessment of Saguling Lake sediment. The concentration of heavy metals in the core sediment decreased in the order of Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cd. Zn was the most abundant metals in Saguling Lake sediment, with measured concentrations ranging from 87.24 to 314.49 mg/kg, follow by Cu (78.32- 112.12 mg/kg), Cr (30.86-74.96 mg/kg), Pb (15.05-40.82 mg/kg), Ni (6.50-20.08 mg/kg), and Cd (6.85-10.12 mg/kg). The section was polluted by Cd and Cu based on MPI catagory, whereas there is no pollution for Cr, Pb, Zn, and Ni. The possible source for hevy metals contamination were attributed to the increasing municipal and industrial wastewater discharges, agricultural runoff, which may be associated with an accelerating growth of economic in the Saguling Lake region in the past decade.
Effect of Grape Seed Extract (vitis vinifera, sp) on Histopathology Appearance, CMYC and BCL-2 Gene Expression of AOM-DSS Induced Mice
Get PDFThe use of Grape Seed Extract (GSE) as a dietary supplement to prevent cancer in Indonesia is increasing. The extract content such as resveratrol, quercetin, epigalochatecin and proanthocyanidin, are reported to increase apoptosis and prevents cancer cell proliferation which is shown by the expression level of cMyc and Bcl-2 gene. Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) are two chemical compounds used to induce cancer in mice. Methods: Fifteen female mice were divided into 3 groups, whose treatment was sequentially as follows: I. Induced by AOM- DSS; II. Induced by AOM-DSS and EBA; and III. Neither induced by AOM-DSS nor given EBA. Histopathology examination of the colons was presented in descriptive report. Analysis of c-Myc and Bcl-2 gene was performed; the gene expression level was determined using the Livak method and statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Result: Dysplasia were shown in group I, mild dysplasia over the repair tissue in group II, and healthy tissue in group III. Using the Livak methods, cMyc and Bcl-2 gene expression of group II are 1.4 times stronger and 1.9 times stronger than group I. But statistically both of the result are non-significant (cMyc, P = 0.251; Bcl-2, P = 0.754). Discussion: Grape seed extract has no effect on the decrease in cMyc and Bcl-2 gene expression in AOM-DSS induced mice. The extract dose used has anti-inflammatory effect, which was shown on mice colon tissue histopathology but no anti cancer effect. To get the anticancer effect, it takes GSE with higher doses. In further research, it is necessary to use multiple doses of the GSE in order to know the effective dose to prevent the occurrence of colon cancer in mice induced AOM-DSS.
Energy Distribution Of Macronutrient Among Adolescents In Indonesia: Secondary Analysis Of Total Diet Study Data
Get PDFIn nutrition through the lifecycle concept, nutritional adequacy for each age group should be seriously considered, including in adolescent group. Adolescent balanced nutrition needs to be addressed in order to prevent future diseases. Balanced nutrition can be assessed based on the energy distribution of macronutrients that have been formulated through national summit. Thus, this study aims to evaluate energy distribution of macronutrients as well as percent adequacy intake of energy, protein, and fat among adolescence in East Java province, Indonesia. Data from Total Diet Study were used to investigate the intakes of macronutrient and demographic data of adolescents aged 16 – 18 years who lives in East Java Province (n=708). Data of intakes were assessed using 24 hr recall. Mann-Whitney U tests and Independent t-test were conducted to compare macronutrient consumption, percent adequacy intake of energy, protein, and fat between sex and locality. The results show energy distribution of macronutrient was 56.55% energy from carbohydrate: 14.36% energy from protein: 29.09% energy from fat. Energy distribution of macronutrient of adolescent was changed from 2010 in which energy from protein and fat were increase while energy from carbohydrate was decrease. Percent distribution of energy from carbohydrate was significantly higher in boys (p=0.000), but percent energy from protein was significantly higher in girls (p=0.000). There was no significant different in energy distribution of macronutrients between urban and rural adolescents. Compared to Indonesian Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), mean intake of energy, protein, and fat were 75.17%, 101.45%, and 74.82%, respectively. There was no significant different in percent adequacy intake of macronutrients both for sex and locality. This analysis demonstrates a balanced energy distribution of macronutrient intake. These results should be considered by those responsible for ensuring adequate nutrient intakes of adolescents.
The Relationship Between Knowledge Level and Breast Self Examination Practice Among Health Cadres at Bener, Tegal Rejo in 2015
Get PDFBreast cancer is primary cause of women‘s death in world. Based on Basic Health Research 2013, Yogyakarta placed the first ranked of highest cancer in Indonesia. Data of Dr. Sardjito hospital reported the number of breast cancer patients throughout 2014 was 1,241 cases, the highest number of cancers throughout the period. The main cause of high mortality of breast cancer is the low knowledge and awareness of early detection of breast cancer. One of methods of early detection of breast cancer is breast self-examination (BSE). This study is an analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The population was health cadres at Bener, Tegalrejo. The sampling technique used total sampling involving 50 cadres. The data collection using questionnaires with closed questions. According to the analysis result, Chi-Square is 2,583 and p value = 0,275 (p value > 0,05) and thus, null hypotheses is accepted. Based on the result, it can be concluded that there is no positive and significant relationship between knowledge level and BSE on cadres at Bener village, Tegalrejo district of Yogyakarta. It is suggested that health professionals improve health promotion about breast cancer and BSE.
the Effects of Red Fruit Treatment on Infertility Mice Models to Overview Folliculogenesis, Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy Rate
Get PDFThe aims of this research is to determine of therapeutics effect of red fruit addition in infertility mice models that can increase foliculogenesis and increasing pregnant rate. The experimental animal used are 24 female mice with 25 gram average body weight. The treatment divided into 4 groups and each group gets 6 repetitions. The control group (P0) is given only aquadest without getting treatment. P1 group were given injections of testosterone propionate 1 mg / kg subcutan (sc) for 14 days for the effects of infertility. The treatment group P2 and P3 have an injection of testosterone propionate 1 mg / kg subcutan (sc) for 14 days to effect, infertility and given a red fruit extract therapeutic dose of 0.05 ml and 0.1 ml for 14 days in orally. Testosterone propionate were injected as much as 0.02 ml subcutan conducted for 14 days. The parameters used are estrus cycle between infertility mice that given treated with red fruit and mice infertility without given treated with red fruit and diameters of pre antral and antral follicle. The data were analysed using ANOVA(analysis of variance). The result showed there are significant estrus cycle between infertility mice that given treated with red fruit and mice infertility without given treated with red fruit. However, analysis of data from the ovary preparations showed no significant difference between the number of follicles either primary follicle, and follicle de graaf, but for secondary follicles was significantly different between the K (-) with K(+).
Barriers on Hiv Prevention for Female Sex Workers in Lao PDR: a Literature Review (2003-2014)
Get PDFAlthough the government of Lao PDR and its development partners have been providing strong political commitment and strengthening the endorsement and implementation on HIV/AIDS prevention programs to end epidemic of HIV/AIDS; nonetheless, HIV/AIDS prevalence and incidence in Lao PDR have been increasing rapidly since 2003. The risk are higher among key affected populations such as sex workers, male who have sex with male, their clients, and injecting drug users. There are numerous causes and barriers that prevent to country to reach the MDGS that set targets of HIV prevalence amongst population aged 15-24 years at less than 1 percent and HIV prevalence amongst female sex workers at less than 5 percent in 2015 such as limited civil society involvement, poor coverage and quality of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment services, condom use program that is not universally covered, increased in migrant sex workers, low level of education, and unsafe sexual activity, and unaccommodating environment. The objective of the HIV prevention among female sex workers research was identified the barriers on HIV/AIDS interventions in Lao PDR. Literature review was conducted by using existing Lao PDR country progress reports on HIV/AIDS. The HIV prevention programmes for female sex workers not successful too much, because there have many barriers such as: 1) Sexual services are illegal and visible phenomenon in Lao PDR. 2) Number and HIV incidence amongst the female sex worker was increased and also their sexual activities are more hidden and difficult to reach them into HIV prevention programmes. 3) Female sex workers are vulnerable and high risk behaviour. 4) Condom use of female sex workers with the recent client was steadily increased, but with regular partners is still low. 5) The quality of health care services on HIV prevention still low and lack of professional skills. 6) FSWs have sexual intercourse in too young age, so they are higher risks for HIV infection. 7) Female sex workers are remaining perceived stigma and discrimination by society, especially by health care service providers. Stigmatization and discrimination is the one barriers of HIV prevention for female sex workers in Lao PDR.
Characteristics of Children Ages 24 Months by Weight in Mojo – Kalitidu – Bojonegoro – East Java - Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Age 0-24 months is a period of rapid growth and development that is often referred to as the golden period once the critical period. The Golden time can realize if infants and children obtain appropriate nutrition for optimal growth and development and can turn into a crucial period when nutritional deficiencies. Objective: To determine the characteristics of child ages 24 months by weight. Methods: This study is a descriptive study (nonexperimental). Data collection through a survey using questionnaires. The population in this study is the mother and children aged 24 months of 98 people. A sample of 45 children divides into three groups: 15 children with weight up, 15 children with weight fixed, and 15 children with weight loss. Independent variables consist of variables children eating patterns, giving complementary feeding, health condition, and parenting parents. The dependent variable is weight infants (up, fixed, and loss). Methods of data analysis using Chi Square statistical analysis. Result: Results from this study, variable children eating patterns consisting of frequency, amount or portions, and the types of food 6-9 months of age, shows the relationship has on body weight, with the results of the Chi-Square value of x2 count is greater than x2 table. Whereas the type of food the age of 0-6 months and 9-12 months, variable giving complementary feeding, variable health condition, and variable parenting do not have a significant correlation to body weight of child age 24 months, with the results of the Chi-Square value of x2 count is smaller than x2 table. Conclusion: that affect the weight of children aged 24 months is children eating patterns consisting of frequency, amount or portions, and the types of food 6-9 months of age. Variable giving complementary feeding, health condition, and parenting parents has no effect on body weight.
Perceptions of How Negative Nursing Image Impacts on Nursing Care and Nursing Competency Development
Get PDFNursing image has a significant influence on the development of nursing competency and quality of nursing care. However, it is relatively unknown how negative nursing image effects on these aspects in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of the impacts of negative nursing image on nurses‘ competency development and quality of nursing care in clinical settings. A qualitative study, ethnographic method was used which comprised of the participant- observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion. Purposeful sampling of 41 participants, who were nurses employing in Cho Ray hospital, Vietnam and other significant stakeholders. Content analysis was used for analyzing the data. The findings from this study indicated that the negative public nursing image was found to be a critical factor influencing the quality of nursing care and nursing competency development among nurses. Most of the research participants perceived that a negative nursing image has a negative impact on the quality of nursing care and the development of nursing competency. A negative attitude of society toward nursing causes stress, frustration, less concentration, and negative feelings among nurses and results to medical errors, patient safety, the quality of care and patient satisfaction as well as impedes nurses‘ competency development. It is suggested that in order to promoting nurses‘ competency and quality of nursing care, enhancing public image of nursing professional towards positively is needed.
Who Is Tax Criminal? Criminology Perspective in Indonesia
Get PDFSpeaking of tax means dealing with the state's ability to finance all its activities. In Indonesia, taxation was studied not only in the economic field, but also in the science of administration, law, sociology and even criminology are involved in discussion on tax. Revenue from tax sector has become the prominent share of Indonesia State Budget whereas the fund is almost 80% of the budget. The obligation to pay tax is the responsibility of all parties (individuals and entities) which governed by law, both by Constitutional Law and Taxation Law. Accordingly, it has formal consequences in case of violation of the law. Do all taxation violations become tax crimes? Are all the wrongdoers are tax criminals? The purpose of this article is to identify who tax criminal is, in accordance with criminology perspective in Indonesia. Determining crime and criminal are generally associated with Penal Code. In criminology, there are also definitions about the crime and deviant behavior from experts‘ perspectives. Furthermore, the demarcation of criminal is also defined. In this article, besides the tax crime and tax criminal, victim and social reaction towards tax violations will be described in criminology perspective.