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Editor\u27s Note
No full textAbout a year ago I was asked to edit this, the newest version of the Fairmount Folio. I accepted with some trepidation, as I had no idea what would be involved in the creation of this work, but that very fact made this project interesting, challenging, and ultimately very rewarding.The first thing I learned about this project was the need for help. Dr. Helen Hundley has assisted in several Folios to this point, and her knowledge and hard work are the primary reasons you are reading this volume. Secondly, Theresa St. Romain, the Assistant Editor, covered for me time and time again, providing help with details that I missed for one reason or another. This was especially true as I spent much of the time during the creation of this work in Toronto.Next, I\u27d like to thank the Editorial Board which consisted of Dr. Jay Price, Dr. John Duram, and Ms. St. Romain. As the editor, I was allowed to watch the jury process in action and see what the jury was looking for. Being the only one who knew who wrote what, it was especially interesting for me to watch as my own paper was being judged. I would encourage any serious writer to seek such an opportunity, as this can help one see the forest instead of the trees.Finally, I\u27d like to thank all those who submitted papers for this edition of the Folio. There were two ways that a paper could be accepted for the folio. The first way is that all papers who won a departmental award for best paper were included automatically. Secondly, papers received in a call for papers were reviewed by the editorial board to determine their inclusion or not. Chris Kemp\u27s paper An Even Keel: The Judicial Example of John Marshall Harlan, by the way, deserves note for being selected in both ways.One of the primary filters during the jury process was that accepted papers needed to be virtually ready to go. The jurors felt that students would likely not have too much time to process any editorial changes, and attempted to ensure that such changes would not detract from what needed to be their primary focus, current schoolwork. As such, there were several submissions whose ideas, research, and writing were interesting and solid, but for whatever reason needed to be edited too much for inclusion in this volume. I hope that these papers will be seen in a future Folio. In any case, while the hard work of those noted above is the reason that the Folio is here, their efforts are dependent upon the solid writing and research of Wichita State University students. The next volume will be edited by Ms. St. Romain, and I hope that even more students submit their work.There are a few details about this volume that should be mentioned. Generally, the Fairmount Folio includes papers from one school year. However, this volume includes two works which were to have been published in a Folio a year ago. For various reasons, that Folio never made it to print, so these papers have been retained and included in this one.One unfortunate consequence of this is that the formatting of the footnotes on the Rise of Nixon by Megan Kimbrell is not completely correct. I have attempted to clean IJP these footnotes as best as possible and publish the work nonetheless, as the reasons for the problem lay not with Ms. Kimbrell but with circumstances surrounding that Folio. As such, I felt that it was not right to exclude her work for no fault of her own and I hope the readers will excuse this imperfection.In any case, we hope you enjoy this work.Rob Howell23 August, 200
A Tendency of the American Mind: No Duty to Retreat
Get PDFOne of the many influences in the development of American constitutionalism was the old English common law. As early as the thirteenth century, the English government began to develop policies of administration and taxation that would be the beginning of a representative and more limited government.1 The Magna Carta, drafted in 1215 to serve the aristocracy, functioned as an adaptive document to meet the needs of the colonists in America. They took the notion of no taxation without consent and the idea of limited government in forming their own definitive policies. Americans also used the common law to generate the core of their own bill of rights. Some of these core issues were the right to a trial by a jury of one\u27s peers, the right to a speedy trial, the right to compensation for the taking of private property and equal protections under the law. The idea that a judge should not have interest in any case in which he sits in judgment helped to spark the idea of separation of powers. Twenty percent of America\u27s bill of rights had first been stated in the Magna Carta.
Pirates of the Prairie: Fraudulent County Organization in 1870s Kansas
Get PDF"Scandal!" "Fraud!" These words often resounded through the late nineteenth century, as scandal, graft and criminal activity seemed to infiltrate and infect every level of American society. The disease wormed its way even more so into government, from the President of the United States down to the lowest levels of county government in south central and southwest Kansas
Booth\u27s Army: The Salvation Army in Nineteenth Century Britain
Get PDFThe religious landscape of nineteenth-century Great Britain was one that reflected the social and economic diversity and changes occurring. As the Church of England dominated the lives of most of Britain\u27s populous at the opening of the century, its influence would be challenged by numerous missionary and evangelical groups in the latter half of the century. In 1851, the British Government conducted a religious census for the first (and last) time which examined church attendance. The Census of Religious Worship recorded where public worship occurred, how often they met, and the number of people involved in the parish. The attendance figures for England and Wales were: Church of England, 5,292,551; main Nonconformist Churches, 4,536,264; Roman Catholics, 383,000. The total population of England and Wales was 17,927,609. Over 34,000 places of worship were registered and millions of religious pamphlets were distributed and yet over five million people stayed away from the church census when it was given on March 30, 1851.1 One of the many conclusions that these statistics reveal, or fail to reveal, was the changing social structure of British society. The social make-up of society became more subtle as a new industrial working class and a new commercial and industrial bourgeoisie emerged. With the creation of entirely new industrial communities, new religious sects formed and new tactics were employed to attempt to reach out to the urban poor. The Church of England continued its focus on the upper and middle class parishioners, neglecting the growing urban populace. In a meager attempt to address the lower classes the Church set out to create a Christian social climate which would by \u27osmosis\u27 influence the lives of the workers. This trickle-down religious philosophy of the Church never took root with the working classes of Britain, though
A Tale of Two Tribes: A Comparitive Analysis of the Removal of the Choctaw and Seminole Indians by the U.S. Government
No full textShe had written to Dr. Smith, Dr. Gwynn, clinics in Baltimore, and the federal government, but no one came to the aid of Amanda Blackwell. She was fighting an infectious battle for months that was impossible to win on her own. Her adversary was smallpox and her allies were sitting in the luxurious chairs during congressional sessions, indifferent to the face of death she saw everyday. As for Congress, its interest with those in Mississippi was of a separate concern. The process of removing the Indians, and their bodies, took longer than expected. Thus, legislatures knew the emigration deadline they debated previously would not be achieved. What was left of the Mississippi tribe that summer in 1832 still held the name "Choctaw" with pride,despite their massive loss of land and life.
Mary Mallon and Typhoid Fever
Get PDFShe was born in Cookstown County Tyrone, Ireland on September 23, 1869. Neither she nor her family could have known what was to be her fate. If they had, perhaps she would never have become a cook; perhaps she would never have begun a new life in the United States. But she did. Mary Mallon journeyed to the U.S. in 1883 when she was only a teenager and soon settled with her aunt and uncle in New York City. She was by most accounts a good cook and she had no trouble finding work in the kitchens of New Y ark\u27s well to do.1 It was here that she would be dubbed "Typhoid Mary.
Enduring Casualties of War: Delayed Treatment of Combat Stress in World War II Veterans
Get PDFPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an issue facing veterans today, from the soldiers returning from Iraq to those who fought in previous wars. Although this may seem like a contemporary issue, the discussion occurring now is a reaction to a time when PTSD was ignored. Although behavioral changes in combat veterans were noticed for centuries, initially no resources were available and later psychiatric treatment carried a stigma. The effects of PTSD on soldiers became increasingly clear as the Iraq War progressed; however, as veterans of previous wars are aging the issues surrounding misdiagnosed or untreated psychological disorders are becoming known
A Note from the Editor
Get PDFDear Readers,We are very pleased to bring you Volume 15 of the Fairmount Folio, a journal made possible by the efforts of undergraduate and graduate students, and the faculty of the Department of History at Wichita State University. These articles were chosen for their sophisticated research and presentation qualities by Editorial Boards. Dr. Robert Weems, Willard W. Garvey Distinguished Professor of Business History, Dr. George Dehner, Associate Professor of History, Dr. Robin Henry Associate Professor of History, and Dr. Travis Bruce, Assistant Professor of History, all gave their time and expertise to choose the papers for publication.This volume\u27s wide range of topics from early Medieval to the twentieth century reflects the broad range of courses available to our students. Both Kristina Haahr and Lynsay Flory delve into the impact of two Christians, St. Frideswide who became an evolving legend which represented a variety of times, and John Wycliffe who challenged Roman Catholic administration. Jason Herbert, Anna Wood, and Emma Snowden all wrote on basic issues of race and expansion that came to a head in the nineteenth century. jason Herbert explores the nexus of Native Americans and escaped slaves in the creation of Muskogee society. Anna Wood looked at women abolitionists in Great Britain. Emma Snowden discusses the writings of a prominent American journalist, Henry Watterson, and his views on American Imperialism at the time of the Spanish-American War. We finish with two cultural topics which reflect very serious issues, personal hygiene and food sources. John Skelton\u27s work on pellagra and Carolyn Speer Schmidt\u27s work on food production and the needs of a modernizing world show how important changing food production and medical research was for the twentieth century.Dr. Helen HundleyFaculty Edito
The Writings of Ladies\u27 Abolitionist Societies in Britain, 1825-1833
Get PDF"In taking a view of the means which may be employed with advantage to effect the mitigation and ultimate extinction of NEGRO SLAVERY, it would be unpardonable to overlook THE LADIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, of all classes, and especially of the upper ranks, who have now an opportunity of exerting themselves beneficially in behalf of the most deeply injured of the human race."1On April 8, 1825, in the home of Lucy Townsend, the wife of an Anglican clergyman, forty four women gathered to establish the first women\u27s anti-slavery society in Britain. Its initial name was the Ladies Society for the Relief of Negro Slaves, but later adopted the name Female Society for Birmingham. This society was committed to the "Amelioration of the Condition of the Unhappy Children of Africa, and especially of Female Negro Slaves."2 This formation preceded that of the first abolition society in the United States, the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society, by seven years.
The Collaboration of Neutrals: Vatican-American Diplomacy, 1939-1941
Get PDFAs events in Europe continued to devolve after the Munich Pact of 1938, two influential, neutral states were becoming increasingly vocal in putting to an end the continent\u27s downward spiral. The Vatican in Rome, led first by fiery Pope Pius XI before the succession of Pope Pius XII in March 1939, recognized a war would be catastrophic for Christianity in Europe, not to mention its fears of the tremendous loss of life which would be inflicted upon Europeans of all faiths. Across the Atlantic Ocean, President Franklin Roosevelt, hamstrung by isolationist policies imposed by Congress after involvement in the First World War, understood the necessity of making his voice heard in the name of peace before it was too late. The Vatican and the United States indirectly worked with each other throughout 1939 before officially joining forces in early 1940