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Book Review/ Martin Sicker, 1999, Reshaping Palestine: From Muhammad Ali to the British Mandate
Get PDFMartin Sicker bu kitabında Osmanlı Dönemi'nin sonundan İngiliz işgaline (1831-1922) kadar Filistin'in tarihine kapsamlı bir bakış sunuyor. Kitap sekiz bölümden oluşmaktadır. Kitap, Beytülmakdis'in başta bölge olmak üzere dünya için oynadığı önemli rolün nedenlerine ve sonuçlarına yaptığı vurguyla dikkat çekiyor. Sicker, Bonaparte'ın Mısır'ı işgaliyle başlayan ve Montefiore'nin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu nezdinde yürüttüğü siyasi girişimlere kadar uzanan tarihsel anlatılarla Beytülmakdis'e Siyonist göçü mercek altına alıyor. Avrupa ülkeleri tarafından desteklenen Siyonizm'in ilk aşamalarını tartışmaktadır. Ayrıca Sultan Abdülhamid'in Yahudi Siyonistlerin Beytülmakdis'e yerleşmelerine ve toprak satın alma faaliyetlerine karşı aldığı önlemler de ele alınıyor. Kitap, bölgede kurulacak bir Yahudi Siyonist devletine zemin hazırlayan tarihsel anlatılara ve olaylara yer veriyor. Ayrıca İngiltere'nin rolü ve Filistin'deki manda yönetimine katkısı da paylaşılıyor. Özetle kitap, 19. ve 20. yüzyıllarda Beyt'ül Makdis/Filistin hakkında tarihsel bilgi edinmek isteyen okuyucular için kapsamlı bilgiler sunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak kitap, Beytülmakdis'te Siyonist İsrail Devleti'nin kurulmasına zemin hazırlayan olaylar dizisini başarılı bir şekilde aydınlatmaktadır.Martin Sicker in his book provides a comprehensive overview of the history of Palestine during the end of the Ottoman Period to the British occupation (1831-1922). The book is composed of eight chapters. The book is noteworthy due to the emphasis attributed to the reasons and consequences of the significant role that Bayt al-Maqdis plays for the world particularly for the region. Sicker focuses on Zionist immigration to Bayt al-Maqdis by providing historical accounts initiated by Bonaparte’s occupation of Egypt to Montefiore’s political initiatives conducted with the Ottoman Empire. It discusses the early stages of the Zionism, backed by European countries. It also discusses precautions Sultan Abdulhamid II had undertaken against Jewish Zionist settlement and their land purchasing activities in Bayt al-Maqdis. The book gives historical accounts and incidents that prepared the ground for a Jewish Zionists state to be founded in the region. It also shares the role of Britain and its contribution to the mandate in Palestine. In sum the book provides comprehensive information for readers who are interested in learning historical accounts about Bayt al-Maqdis/ Palestine during the 19th and 20th centuries. Consequently, the book successfully illuminates the sequences of events that have prepared the ground for establishment of a Zionist Israeli State in Bayt al-Maqdis
Prediction of deep drawing ratio for DP800 steel by using modified-mohr-coulomb damage criteria [Tez]
Get PDFAraç üretiminde düşük maliyetli üretim yaparken güvenlik ve çevre düzenlemelerine uyum sağlamak, büyük bir zorluktur. Bu zorlukları aşabilmek için, sac metal şekillendirme endüstrileri, ürünlerinde yaygın olarak ileri düzey yüksek mukavemetli çelikler (AHSS) kullanmaktadır. Ancak, AHSS'lerin mükemmel mukavemet seviyeleri, şekillendirme aşamasında büyük geri yayılma (spring-back) ve kırılma gibi problemler oluşturmakta ve bu da üretim sürecini engellemektedir. Bu noktada, sonlu elemanlar analizi (FEA) uygulamak, tasarım süreçlerinde büyük iyileştirmeler sağlamakta çünkü gerçek şekillendirme sürecinden önce olası şekillendirme hatalarını belirlemeye olanak tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, DP800 çeliğinin şekillendirilebilirliği derin çekme deneyleri yapılarak araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, çapları kademeli olarak artırılmış bir dizi dairesel sac metal, bir kupa şekline derin çekilmiş ve limit çekme oranı (LDR) belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, Modifiye Mohr-Coulomb hasar modeli kullanılarak LDR, FEA ile tahmin edilmiştir. DP800'ün LDR'sinin 2,13 olduğu ve uygulanan hasar modelinin, yalnızca %2,35'lik bir hata ile LDR'yi başarıyla tahmin edebildiği bulunmuştur.The demand for low-cost production in vehicle manufacturing while complying with the safety and environmental regulations is an enormous challenge. To comply with these challenges, sheet metal forming industries now extensively use advanced high-strength steels (AHSSs) in their products. However, due to excellent strength levels of AHSSs, problems arising in their forming stage, such as large spring-back and fracture, hinder the manufacturing process. At this stage, implementing finite element analysis (FEA) in the design processes greatly improves manufacturing processes since it allows determining possible forming errors before the actual forming process. In this study, the formability of DP800 steel has been investigated by carrying out deep drawing experiments. For that, a series of circular sheet metals, whose diameters were incrementally increased, have been deep drawn to a cup shape to determine the limiting drawing ratio (LDR). Additionally, Modified Mohr-Coulomb damage model has been utilised to predict the LDR in FEA. It has been found that the LDR of DP800 is 2.13 and the implemented damage model can successfully predict the LDR within only 2.35% error
The Role of Genetic, Environmental, and Dietary Factors in Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review
Get PDFAlzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common and severe forms of dementia and neurodegenerative disease. As life expectancy increases in line with developments in medicine, the elderly population is projected to increase in the next few decades; therefore, an increase in the prevalence of some diseases, such as AD, is also expected. As a result, until a radical treatment becomes available, AD is expected to be more frequently recorded as one of the top causes of death worldwide. Given the current lack of a cure for AD, and the only treatments available being ones that alleviate major symptoms, the identification of contributing factors that influence disease incidence is crucial. In this context, genetic and/or epigenetic factors, mainly environmental, disease-related, dietary, or combinations/interactions of these factors, are assessed. In this review, we conducted a literature search focusing on environmental factors such as air pollution, toxic elements, pesticides, and infectious agents, as well as dietary factors including various diets, vitamin D deficiency, social factors (e.g., tobacco and alcohol use), and variables that are affected by both environmental and genetic factors, such as dietary behavior and gut microbiota. We also evaluated studies on the beneficial effects of antibiotics and diets, such as the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) and Mediterranean diets
Evaluation of Serum Soluble Lectin-like Oxidised Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 (sLOX-1) Level in Children with Non-Complicated Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Its Relationship with Carotid Intima Media Thickness (cIMT)
Get PDFBackground: The objective of this study was to evaluate serum soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) levels in children with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without any atherosclerotic complications and to investigate whether there was an association with early atherosclerotic processes in these children. Methods: The study's design entailed a prospective cross-sectional observational study methodology. The patient group consisted of 80 consecutive children aged 8-18 years who had been diagnosed with T1DM for at least ten years and had not developed any chronic clinical complications related to T1DM. The control group consisted of 72 completely healthy children with similar demographic characteristics. Serum levels of sLOX-1 were measured, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was evaluated using ultrasonography in all subjects. Results: A statistical analysis of the results was conducted. The serum sLOX-1 level was found to be significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (0.49 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.82 +/- 0.35; p < 0.001). The statistical significance observed was maintained in the multivariable logistic regression analysis (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was identified between cIMT and serum sLOX-1 levels (r = 0.669, p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve for sLOX-1 indicated that a cutoff value greater than 0.65 ng/mL was associated with T1DM. Conclusions: Serum sLOX-1 levels were markedly elevated in children with T1DM who had not yet manifested chronic complications. These findings suggest that elevated serum sLOX-1 levels may be associated with the progression of atherosclerosis in children with T1DM.Duezce University Scientific Research Projects coordination unit (DUEBAP) [2022.04.03-1309]This study was supported by Duezce University Scientific Research Projects coordination unit (DUEBAP Project number: 2022.04.03-1309)
Bitki-Mikrobiyom-Polinatör Ko-adaptasyon Stratejileri ve Mekanizmaları
Get PDFPlant-pollinator interactions showcase mutualistic coevolution, but the role of microorganisms in these relationships is often overlooked. Nectar-dwelling microorganisms, mainly yeasts and bacteria, significantly influence floral chemistry, pollinator behavior, and plant reproduction. These microorganisms alter nectar's sugar content, amino acid profiles, pH, and scent emissions, shaping pollinator preferences. For example, the yeast Metschnikowia reukaufii produces fruity esters that attract bumble bees, while some bacteria lower pH, repelling honey bees. Pollinators spread these microorganisms between flowers, creating a feedback loop that shapes microbial communities and drives coevolution. Beyond nectar, microorganisms' impact on thermal regulation through metabolic heat, pollen health, and pollinator gut microbiomes. Specialized bacteria like Rosenbergiella nectarea and Acinetobacter spp. thrive in nectar's high-sugar environment, while pollinator microorganisms, such as Lactobacillus kunkeei, protect honey bees from pathogens. Microbial diversity varies by region, with tropical flowers hosting richer communities than temperate ones. This review highlights how microorganisms act as key players in plant-pollinator networks, boosting pollinator nutrition, immunity, and foraging efficiency. It explores microbial spread, competition, and chemical influence, calling for studies that blend microbiology, ecology, and evolution. Understanding these interactions is vital for predicting how climate change and habitat loss threaten pollination, affecting agriculture and biodiversity. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
The Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Markets: A Study on Istanbul Stock Exchange Indices
Get PDFBu çalışma, makroekonomik değişkenlerin endeks volatilitelerine etkilerini ARCH modelleri ile belirleyerek finansal piyasalarda yer alan yatırımcılara ve karar vericilere yatırım tercihlerinde daha bilinçli ve stratejik kararlar almalarında yardımcı olmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, GARCH-X modeli kullanılarak piyasa volatilitesinin geçmiş volatilite ve hata terimleriyle olan ilişkisini açıklamanın ötesinde, dışsal makroekonomik faktörlerin de volatilite üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmesiyle benzer çalışmalardan ayrışmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda, BIST endekslerinin volatilitesinin hem geçmiş dönem şoklardan hem de makroekonomik değişkenlerden etkilendiği ve piyasalarda meydana gelen şokların volatilite üzerinde kalıcı ve uzun süreli bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Makroekonomik değişkenlerin analiz sonuçlarına göre; döviz kuru dalgalanmalarının, özellikle döviz bazlı gelir ve giderleri olan, döviz cinsinden borçlanan, ithalata dayalı üretim yapan ve uluslararası piyasalara entegre sektörlerde volatiliteyi artırdığı, faiz oranlarının, bazı sektörlerde volatiliteyi artırırken, bazılarında ise azalttığı, ÜFE’nin de volatilite üzerinde sektörel farklılıklara bağlı olarak artırıcı veya azaltıcı etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sadece BIST endeksleri üzerinde ve belirli bir zaman dilimini kapsamaktadır (01/01/2018-30/09/2024). Ayrıca makroekonomik değişken olarak üç adet değişken belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma, finansal piyasa aktörleri için sektörlerin makroekonomik duyarlılıklarını anlamada önemli bir rehber olma niteliğindedir.The objective of this study is to assist investors and decision-makers in financial markets in making more informed and strategic decisions regarding their investment choices. This will be achieved by determining the effects of macroeconomic variables on index volatilities with ARCH models. This study goes beyond merely explaining the relationship between market volatility and past volatility and error terms by utilizing the GARCH-X model to examine the impact of exogenous macroeconomic factors on volatility. The findings indicate that the volatility of BIST indices is influenced by both past shocks and macroeconomic variables. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that shocks in the markets have a persistent and long-lasting impact on volatility. The analysis of macroeconomic variables revealed that exchange rate fluctuations have the greatest impact on volatility, particularly in sectors with foreign currency-based income and expenses, borrowing in foreign currency, import-based production, and integration into international markets. Interest rates also influence volatility, with varying effects across sectors. The Producer Price Index (PPI) exerts a differential impact on volatility, with varying effects across sectors. The study encompasses solely the BIST indices and a specific temporal frame (01/01/2018-30/09/2024). Furthermore, three variables were identified as macroeconomic variables. This study provides a valuable reference for financial market actors seeking to understand the macroeconomic sensitivities of sectors
Recent developments in electrochemical sensors for the detection and real-time monitoring of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Get PDFThe most commonly used medications to control fever, pain, and inflammation are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, excessive use of them can have negative health consequences on humans, and their uncontrolled disposal in ecosystems raises serious environmental issues. Electrochemical sensors offer enormous potential for the sensitive, selective, effective, and economical detection of pharmaceuticals in complicated media, surpassing the drawbacks of conventional detection techniques. An overview of the most recent advancements in electrochemical sensors that use nanoscale materials as electrode modifiers that target NSAIDs, such as metallic nanomaterials, carbon-based materials, and hybrid materials, is provided in this review. Analysis of real samples, sensor/analyte interactions, and various electrode fabrication techniques was particularly taken into consideration. The studies in the literature were summarized in detail in terms of various analytical properties, such as linearity range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and detection method, among others. The experimental results were then discussed. Finally, this review discusses the potential, challenges, and opportunities in designing next-generation advanced sensing devices.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [BIDEB/2210-A, 221N359, BIDEB/2218]Ensar Pis , kin thanks the financial support from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Tuerkiye (TUBITAK) under the BIDEB/2210-A. Fatma Budak, thanks for the financial support from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Tuerkiye (TUBITAK) under the ARDEB/Euronanomed Project (221N359) . Ahmet Cetinkaya thanks the financial support from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Tuerkiye (TUBITAK) under the BIDEB/2218-National Postdoctoral Research Scholarship Program
Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on the Machinability of Impax Supreme Steel and Optimization of Machining Parameters
Get PDFThis study investigated the effects of process treatment applied to cutting tools during turning of impax supreme alloy on cutting tool tip temperature, vibration, surface roughness and noise. Coated carbide tools coated with TiCN + Al2O3 + TiN by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method were used as cutting tools. Deep cryogenic treatment was applied to the cutting tools, which were maintained at-196 °C for 15 hours. Impax supreme alloy was turned using four different cutting speeds (150, 180, 210, 240 m/min), two different feed rates (0.1 and 0.2 mm/rev) and a constant depth of cut (0.6 mm). As a result of the turning process with cryogenically treated and untreated tools, the nose wear, surface roughness, vibration, noise and cutting tool tip temperature data obtained were evaluated experimentally. Turning experiments with both cryogenically treated and untreated tools showed that the cutting tool wear, cutting tool tip temperature, surface roughness, vibration and noise values decreased after the deep cryogenic treatment applied to the cutting tool. Cryogenic-treated tools exhibited approximately 25%, 25% and 12% lower values for surface roughness, cutting temperature and vibration, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed in noise values. Depending on the cutting conditions, deep cryogenic treatment can reduce cutting tool wear and enhance cutting tool life by up to 150%. It was determined that feed rate was the parameter that had the most dominant effect on surface roughness and vibration, with rates of 69.29% and 89.54%. The results obtained in this study have shown that the cutting tool performance can be greatly improved by cryogenic treatment in the machining of Impax Supreme alloy. In this respect, it will greatly contribute to the literature in machinability studies. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
New insights on fractal-fractional integral inequalities: Hermite-Hadamard and Milne estimates
Get PDFThis paper investigates fractal-fractional integral inequalities for generalized s-convex functions. We begin by establishing a fractal-fractional Hermite-Hadamard inequality for such functions. In addition, a novel identity is introduced, which serves as the basis for deriving some fractal-fractional Milne-type inequalities for functions whose first-order local fractional derivatives exhibit generalized s-convexity. Subsequently, we provide additional results using the improved generalized H & ouml;lder and power mean inequalities, followed by a numerical example with graphical representations that confirm the accuracy of the obtained results. The study concludes with several applications to demonstrate the practicality and relevance of the proposed inequalities in various settings.Prince Sultan UniversityThe authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. T. Abdeljawad would like to thank Prince Sultan University for the support through TAS research lab
Modeling windthrow through remote sensing and analysis of environmental factors: Case of Bolu, Türkiye
Get PDFClimate change may lead to increased or decreased future forest productivity. However, more frequent storms are expected in Europe and are increasingly considered an important abiotic damage factor for forests, leading to windthrows that result in both economic and ecological losses. Remote sensing data helps in detecting past windthrow and assessing both ecological and economic losses. In this study, carried out in Bolu Regional Forest Directorate (RFD), the windthrow areas between 2017 and 2019 were detected by using the Normalized Difference Fraction Index (NDFI) from the Sentinel-2A satellite image of Google Earth Engine Platform (GEE). The MaxEnt method was used to ascertain the relationship between windthrow damage and environmental variables. Wind speed, stand type (pure/mixed), precipitation, texture, distance to road, elevation, root types, slope (degree), and site index were used as environmental variables in the modeling. The value of the area under the curve (AUC) of the model was determined to be 0.821. According to the modeling results, the environmental variables that have the greatest impact on windthrow damage are site index and wind speed. In areas with a site index of '1' and wind speeds between 35-42 km/h and 53-65 km/h, it has been determined that there is an increased risk of windthrow. This study will enable forest managers to make ecological assessments to reduce the occurrence of windthrow. As a result of ecological assessments, it is anticipated that improvements in forest management planning will lead to a reduction in disturbances caused by windthrow.Duzce University Scientific Research Projects [2022.02.02.1352]This study has been supported by Duzce University Scientific Research Projects with Project Number 2022.02.02.1352