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Harnessing high potential benzothiazole chalcones against dengue virus NS5 protein: A multi-faceted theoretical study through molecular docking, ADME, and DFT
Get PDFChalcones bearing tetralone, indanone and benzothiazole cores were synthesized successfully using a general Claisen-Schmidt condensation protocol. The prepared compounds were purified and structurally analyzed by 1H, 13C NMR, and FT-IR techniques. A multi-faceted theoretical approach, combining Density Functional Theory (DFT), molecular docking, and ADME predictions, was employed to evaluate their therapeutic potential. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/def2-TZVP level revealed key electronic properties, with TD3 compound demonstrating the highest chemical reactivity. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) and Reduced Density Gradient (RDG) analyses provided insights into the compounds' non-covalent interactions and charge distributions. Molecular docking studies against the NS5 protein (PDB: 6KR2) showed superior binding affinities for all three compounds compared to the control ligand SAH, with TD3 exhibiting the lowest binding energy (-8.41 kcal/ mol) and theoretical inhibition constant (689.31 nM). ADME predictions indicated favorable drug-like properties with concerns regarding aqueous solubility and potential P-glycoprotein interactions. Toxicity evaluations highlighted challenges, particularly in hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The study identified TD3 as a promising lead compound for Dengue Virus NS5 inhibition, while also emphasizing the need for targeted modifications to address toxicity concerns. This research not only contributes to anti-dengue drug discovery efforts but also provides a robust methodological framework for the theoretical evaluation of similar small compounds in future investigations
Effect of Fiber Type and Length on Strength, Fracture Energy, and Durability Properties of Microwave-Cured Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymer Mortars
Get PDFMicrowave curing can be an alternative curing method for geopolymer production. Although many properties of microwave-cured geopolymer composites have been investigated, the effect of microwave curing on the strength and durability properties of fiber-reinforced geopolymers remains a topic that requires investigation. In this study, the effect of fiber type and length on the properties of microwave-cured metakaolin-based geopolymers was investigated. For this purpose, PVA (6, 12 mm) and polymer (15, 30 mm) fibers were utilized. Compressive and flexural strength, fracture energy, abrasion resistance, high-temperature resistance, water absorption capacity and rate of capillary water absorption tests were conducted and the microstructure was examined using scanning electron microscopy. For curing, a household microwave oven was used at a power level of 300 watts. With the fibers' inclusion, fracture energies could be increased by up to 1150%, ductility was enhanced, flexural strengths were increased and compressive strengths decreased. Moreover, the rate of capillary water absorption decreased by up to 13%, while water absorption values increased by between 5% and 12%. The results suggested that microwave curing could be an alternative curing method for the production of fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites, offering shorter curing times and lower energy consumption.Duzce University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Center [2023.06.05.1426]This research was funded by Duzce University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Center under grant number 2023.06.05.1426
Soft power and public diplomacy policies of Azerbaijan
Get PDFYumuşak güç kavramını uluslararası ilişkiler alanına taşıyan Joseph Nye, akıllı güç olarak bu gücün sert güçle birlikte kullanılmasının devletlerarası ilişkilerde daha faydalı olacağını öne sürmüştür. Çelişkili gibi görünse de, gücün her iki unsuru da bir araya gelerek daha faydalı hale gelebilir. Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti'nin yumuşak güç potansiyeli, sert güç kavramı gibi yapısal olarak tam olarak oluşmamıştır. Buna rağmen Azerbaycan'ın bağımsızlığını kazandığı 1991 yılından bu yana veya İkinci Karabağ Savaşı'ndan sonra yumuşak güç endekslerine dahil edilmesi ve bu listede her geçen yıl ilerleme görülmesi devletin bu alanda yapısal yaklaşıma geçişi hızlandırdığını gösteriyor. Yumuşak güç unsuru birçok uluslararası endeks tarafından çeşitli alt kategoriler altında incelenmektedir. Bu kategoriler sırasıyla; işbirliğinin geliştirilmesi, eğitim, bilim, spor, kültür, turizm ve göçtür. Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti'nin mevcut yumuşak güç potansiyeli bu kategorilerde incelense de özellikle İkinci Karabağ Savaşı sonrasında ülkenin yumuşak gücünde bir sıçrama olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu makalede Azerbaycan'ın yumuşak gücü ve potansiyeli kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırılacak, kalkınmanın öncelikli yönleri, zayıf noktaları analiz edilecek ve ilgili alanlarda kalkınmaya yönelik önerilerde bulunulacaktır.Joseph Nye, who brought the concept of soft power to the field of international relations, proposed that this power would be more useful in interstate relations as intelligent power, using it together with hard power. Although it may seem contradictory, both elements of power can become a tandem and become more useful. The potential of the soft power of the Republic of Azerbaijan has not been fully formed structurally like its concept of hard power. Despite this, the inclusion of Azerbaijan in the soft power indexes since independence in 1991, or after the Second Karabakh War, and the year-by-year progress in this list show that the state is accelerating the transition to a structural approach in this field. The element of soft power is examined by many international indices under several sub-categories. These categories are respectively: development of cooperation, education, science, sports, culture, tourism and migration. Although the existing soft power potential of the Republic of Azerbaijan is examined in these categories, it is seen that there is a leap in the country's soft power, especially after the Second Karabakh War. For this reason, in this article, the soft power and potential of Azerbaijan will be comprehensively investigated, the priority directions of development, weak points will be analyzed and proposals will be made for development in the relevant fields
Turkish cinema in 'Yedinci Sanat' cinema magazine (1973-1975)
Get PDFDergiler, süreli yayınlar kategorisine girmektedir. Dergilerin en önemli özelliği ise, içinde bulunduğu dönemi; yani, yayınlandığı süre zarfında siyasi, sosyoekonomik koşulları tam anlamıyla yansıtmalarıdır. Diğer yandan dergiler, güne hâkim olan; politik, felsefi ve ideolojik fikirlerin ortaya koyulduğu platformlardır. Bu açıdan da dönemine ışık tutan, döneminin en önemli tanıkları olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Dergileri, kitaplardan ayıran en temel fark; kitaplarda genellikle tek bir yazarın görüş ve düşünceleri yer alırken; dergilerde, birden fazla yazarın görüş ve düşüncelerine yer verilmesidir. Bu özelliğiyle dergiler, içinde bulunduğu dönemi; farklı bakış açılarıyla ortaya koyan, zengin içerikler sunan derleyici, toplayıcı, niteliğe sahip kaynaklardır. Ülkemizde yayınlanan sinema dergileri tarihsel olarak incelendiğinde, hemen hemen hepsinin; İstanbul'da yayın hayatlarına başladıkları, kısa süre sonra da yayın hayatlarının sona erdiği görülmektedir. Bu sinema dergilerinin genel özelliklerine baktığımızda ise, sinema eleştirmenliği veya sinema tarih yazımından, Türk sinemasını ele almaktan uzak; genel olarak, sadece vizyona yeni giren Hollywood filmlerinin tanıtımının yapıldığı; diğer kısmının ise, Yeşilçam filmlerini magazinsel boyutta ele alan yayınlar oldukları görülmektedir. Dönemi açısından, uzman bir sinema dergisi olan Yedinci Sanat dergisi; Türk ve Dünya sinemasını kuramsal olarak ele alan yapısıyla, kendinden önce yayınlanmış çoğu sinema dergisinden ayrılmaktadır. Derginin, sinemanın kuramsal yönüne bu denli eğilmesinin nedeni ise; yeni bir sistem ve sinemacı kuşağı yetiştirmeyi hedeflemiş olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. 1973-1975 yılları arasında ülkemizde aylık, süreli bir şekilde yayınlanan Yedinci Sanat dergisinin yayın felsefesini, işleyişini, çalışmalarını ve sinema kültürünün gelişimine sağladığı katkıları; temelde ise Türk sinemasına bakışını içeren bu çalışma, Yedinci Sanat aylık sinema dergisinde yer alan metinlerin farklı açılardan tahlilini ve tasnifini içermektedir. Bu hedef doğrultusunda, tezin birinci bölümünde Yedinci Sanat dergisinin genel özellikleri analiz edilmiş; ikinci bölümünde ise Yedinci Sanat dergisinin kuruluş süreci kendi içinde tarihsel dönemlere ayrılarak ele alınmıştır. Tezin üçüncü bölümünde, Yedinci Sanat dergisinde öne çıkan bölümlerden olan; karikatürler incelenmiştir.Magazines fall into the category of periodicals. The most important feature of magazines is that they fully reflect the period they are in; that is, the political and socio-economic conditions during the period they are published. On the other hand, magazines are platforms where the political, philosophical and ideological ideas that dominate the day are put forward. In this respect, they stand out as the most important witnesses of their period, shedding light on their period. The most fundamental difference between magazines and books is that books usually include the views and thoughts of a single author, while magazines include the views and thoughts of more than one author. With this feature, magazines are compilative, aggregative, and qualified sources that present the period they are in from different perspectives and offer rich content. When the cinema magazines published in our country are examined historically, it is seen that almost all of them started their publication life in Istanbul and ended their publication life shortly after. When we look at the general characteristics of these cinema magazines, we see that they are publications that are far from film criticism or film historiography, and far from covering Turkish cinema; in general, they only promote newly released Hollywood films, while the rest cover Yeşilçam films in a tabloid dimension. The Yedici Sanat magazine, a specialist cinema magazine for its time, differs from most cinema magazines published before it with its structure that deals with Turkish and World cinema theoretically. The reason why the magazine focuses so much on the theoretical aspect of cinema is that it aims to raise a new system and generation of filmmakers. This study, which includes the publishing philosophy, operation, works and contributions to the development of cinema culture of Yedinci Sanat magazine, which was published monthly and periodically in our country between 1973-1975; and basically its perspective on Turkish cinema, includes the analysis and classification of the texts in Yedinci Sanat monthly cinema magazine from different perspectives. In line with this goal, the general characteristics of Yedinci Sanat magazine are analyzed in the first part of the thesis; in the second part, the establishment process of Yedinci Sanat magazine is discussed by dividing it into historical periods. In the third part of the thesis, the caricatures which are among the prominent sections in Yedinci Sanat magazine, are examined
Investigation of the effect of tempering treatment on the hole expansion ability of S355MC and DP600 high strenght steels
Get PDFGünümüzde üretilen otomotiv parçalarının yüksek mukavemet ve şekillendirilebilirlik özelliklerine sahip olmaları gerekmektedir. Fakat yüksek mukavemetli çelikler şekillendirme esnasında kritik bir kenar çatlama hassasiyetine sahiptir. Bu durum istenilen geometrideki ürünlerin yüksek mukavemetli malzemelerden üretimini kısıtlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada S355MC ve DP600 kalite yüksek mukavemetli çelikler farklı tavlama sıcaklıklarında ve bekleme sürelerinde tavlandıktan sonra delik genişletme testlerine tabi tutularak bu çeliklerde tavlama işleminin kenar çatlama hassasiyetine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Aynı zamanda tavlanan her iki çelik malzeme için de tek eksenli çekme deneyleri gerçekleştirilerek uygulanılan tavlama işleminin çeliklerin mekanik özelliklerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir.The automotive parts produced in recent years must have high strength and formability properties. However, high strength steels have a critical edge crack sensitivity during forming operation. This situation restricts the manufacturing of products with desired geometry from high strength materials. In this study, S355MC and DP600 grade high strength steels were annealed at various annealing temperatures and waiting times and subjected to hole expansion tests, and the effect of the annealing process on the edge crack sensitivity in these steels was investigated. At the same time, uniaxial tensile tests were carried out for both annealed steel materials and the effects of the applied annealing process on the mechanical properties of the steels were investigate
Traditional Houses in Materials Analysis; Konuralp, Düzce Example
Get PDFIn this study, mortar and plaster samples taken from a traditional house (1799 parcel) located in the neighborhood Konuralp, Düzce Province, were subjected to acid loss, and ignition loss, loss of aggregates sieve analysis after acid, protein and fat tests, tests of salt, as well as Petrographic and SEM-EDX analyses. Brick samples underwent physical examinations and microscopic analyses and mechanical in addition to SEM-EDX analyses. For wood samples, macroscopic and microscopic analyses were conducted to determine their types. Based on these analyses, recommendations have been made to contribute to the repair and reuse of the material properties of the selection processes of traditional structures
The Role of Estrogen Receptors in the Therapeutic Effect of Oxyresveratrol, Phytoestrogen, During, and After Oxidative Stress
Get PDFObjective: Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development and progression of various neurodegenerative disorders, including aging, atherosclerosis, cancer, ischemia reperfusion, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, liver diseases. Additionally, it is implicated in retinal diseases (RD) such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In our study, we studied the therapeutic effect of oxyresveratrol, against H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Additionally, we investigated the role of estrogen receptors in the observed effects. Methods: Oxidative stress was induced by H2O2 in ARPE-19 cells. Oxyresveratrol was applied at seven different concentrations during and after oxidative stress. Besides, estrogen receptor inhibitors were applied 1 h before the treatment to investigate the role of estrogen receptors. Changes in cell viability were assessed using XTT. To investigate the effectiveness of oxyresveratrol at the molecular level, cell death detection, Caspase-3, and TOS measurement kits were employed. Results and Discussion: Our findings indicated that oxyresveratrol at concentrations of 10 and 100 mu M reduced cell damage in ARPE-19 cells during and after-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, the therapeutic effect of oxyresveratrol in ARPE-19 cells during oxidative stress formation appeared to be dependent on estrogen receptors alpha and beta, while the therapeutic effect after oxidative stress seemed to be GPER1-dependent. Furthermore, oxyresveratrol suppressed apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells under oxidative stress, reducing cell death, and both during and after oxidative stress, oxyresveratrol application decreased TOS levels. Although the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of oxyresveratrol are well known, this is the first study to investigate its therapeutic effects on H2O2 induced oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells and the involvement of estrogen receptors in these effects. Conclusions: We believe that oxyresveratrol may be an alternative therapy in the prevention and treatment of retinal diseases.Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Scientific Research Projects Unit [2020.08.36.1477]The work was supported by Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Scientific Research Projects Unit (project no. 2020.08.36.1477)
On Error Bounds for Milne's Formula in Conformable Fractional Operators
Get PDFMilne's formula is a mathematical expression used to approximate the value of a definite integral. This formula is especially useful for problems encountered in physics, engineering, and various other scientific disciplines. We establish an equality for conformable fractional integrals. With the help of this equality, we obtain error bounds for one of the open Newton-Cotes formulas, namely, Milne's formula for the case of differentiable convex functions within the framework of fractional and classical calculus. Furthermore, we provide our results by using special cases of the obtained theorems
Identification of proper species that can be used to monitor and decrease airborne Sb pollution
Get PDFHeavy metal concentrations, which have increased continuously in the environment this century due to anthropogenic factors, severely threaten human and environmental health. Antimony (Sb) is one of the most toxic and harmful heavy metals in terms of human and environmental health. Therefore, the priority research subjects are monitoring the alteration of Sb pollution in the airborne and reducing pollution. This study was conducted to conclude the proper species to monitor and drop airborne Sb contamination on trees grown in Düzce, the 5th most polluted European city. This study examined samples taken from Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cupressus arizonica, Pinus pinaster, Picea orientalis, and Cedrus atlantica, and the Sb concentration changes based on tree species, route, tissue, and age range in the last 40 years were evaluated. The study hypothesizes that Sb concentration varies depending on (1) tree species, (2) direction, (3) plant tissue, and (4) age range, all confirmed in this study. In conclusion, the maximum concentrations were achieved in the outer bark and east (5.45 µg g−1) and north directions (6.72 µg g−1), with high traffic density. In addition, the mining and industrial places (sources of metal pollution) are not close to the study area. Therefore, it was concluded that traffic pollution was the primary source of Sb pollution in the study area. The study revealed that C. arizonica is the most suitable species for monitoring and reducing the change in Sb pollution because the highest Sb concentration (4.47 µg g−1) in wood (the largest organ) was obtained in C. arizonica. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Fizik Tedavi Hizmet Sunumunda Dış Kaynak Kullanımının Karlılık Analizi: Bir Kamu Hastanesi Örneği
Get PDFÇalışmanın amacı, fizik tedavi hizmet sunumunun hastane bünyesinde gerçekleştirilmesiyle dış kaynak kullanımı esasına göre temin edilmesinin karlılık ve performans açısından incelemektir. Çalışmaya ait veriler nitel araştırma yöntemiyle doküman analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırmanın evrenini Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi İzzet Baysal Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, örneklemini ise söz konusu birimde sunum yapılan fizik tedavi tedavi seansları oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri 2022 yılının ilk 6 aylık süresini kapsamaktadır. Bu kapsam dahilinde hastanenin hizmet alımı ile kendi bünyesinde sunduğu fizik tedavi seansları karlılık ve personel performansları açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda fizik tedavi hizmet alımında toplam gelir 6.361.585 ₺, toplam gider 1.488.680 ₺ olup toplam kar 4.872.905 ₺ dir. Hastanede kadrolu çalışanlar oluşturduğu toplam gelir 5.762.461 ₺, toplam gider 3.200.839 ₺ ve toplam kar 2.561.622 ₺ dir. Hizmet alımı kişi başı karın, kadrolu kişi başı kara oranı %438, hizmet alımı toplam karın kadrolu toplam kara oranı %190 bulunmuştur. Personel esasına dayalı dış kaynak kullanımı daha az sayıda kişiyle yürütülmesine rağmen daha yüksek puan üretilmiş ve düşük maliyetle daha yüksek kar elde edilmiştir. Fizik tedavi alanında dış kaynak kullanımının karlılık açısından daha uygun bir yöntem olduğu tespit edilmiştir