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Examination of branching variations of the arcus aortae
Full text linkAorta sistemik dolaşımın ana damarıdır. Sol ventrikülden çıkan ostium aortae ile başlayan aorta, karın boşluğunda lumbal 4. vertebra alt kenarı hizasında sonlanır. Arcus aortae'den ayrılan dallar farklı noktalardan ve farklı şekillerde olabilir. Arcus aortae ve dallarının gelişimi fetal yaşamın ilk haftalarından başlayarak 8. haftada şeklini almış olur. Bu embriyolojik gelişimi sırasında farklılıklar oluşabilir. Aort anevrizmaları ve Marfan sendromu gibi bağ dokusu hastalıkları aort diseksiyonuna sebep olabilir. Aort diseksiyonu, aortun intima ve adventisya tabakasının spontan longitudinal ayrışması sonucu oluşan klinik tablodur. Arcus aortae'nın anevrizması ve diseksiyonları kompleks cerrahi operasyon ile tedaviyi gerektirir. Arcus aortae'nin anevrizmaları ve diseksiyonları kompleks cerrahi yöntemleriyle tedavi edilmektedir. Girişimciler, endovasküler stent gibi daha az invaziv teknikleri tercih etmektedir. Geliştirilen cerrahi yöntemler serebral iskemi oluşma riskini engellemeyi hedefler. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız varyasyonları inceleyerek görülme sıklıklarını ortaya çıkarmak. Çalışmamızda 310 hastanın BT anjiografi görüntüsü retrospektif olarak 3D ve MIP olarak incelenmiştir. Yaş ortalaması 64.52 olan 310 kişinin 151 erkek ve 159 kadından oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 24.0 programıyla analiz edildi. Yaptığımız analiz sonucunda cinsiyetler arası istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı. Klasik tip %75, tip 2 %20.32, tip 3 %2.58, tip 4 %0.96 ve tip 5 %0.96 oranda bulundu. Arterlere ait anatomik yapıların konumlarının belirlenmesi, özellikle erken müdahalenin şart olduğu olgularda, doğru, sağlıklı, hızlı ve başarılı girişimlerin yapılabilmesi için önemlidir. Aynı şekilde damar dallanma varyasyonlarının bilinmesi özellikle baş-boyun ve göğüs bölgesinde yapılması planlanan radyolojik veya cerrahi operasyonlarda gelişebilecek komplikasyonların önüne geçilmesi için hayati önem taşımaktadır. Bu sebeple çalışmamızın kalp-damar cerrahları, girişimsel radyologlar, kardiyologlar, baş-boyun cerrahları ve göğüs cerrahları için önemli bilgiler sağlayacağını düşünmekteyiz.The aorta is the main vessel of the systemic circulation. The aorta begins with the ostium aortae arising from the left ventricle and terminates in the abdominal cavity at the level of the lower edge of the lumbar 4th vertebra. Branches from the arcus aortae may arise from different points and in different shapes. The development of the arcus aortae and its branches begins in the first weeks of fetal life and takes shape by the 8th week. Differences may occur during this embryologic development. Aortic aneurysms and connective tissue diseases such as Marfan syndrome can cause aortic dissection. Aortic dissection is the spontaneous longitudinal separation of the intima and adventitia of the aorta. Aneurysms and dissections of the arcus aortae require complex surgical treatment. Aneurysms and dissections of the arcus aortae are treated with complex surgical procedures. Interventionalists prefer less invasive techniques such as endovascular stenting. Improved surgical methods aim to prevent the risk of cerebral ischemia. Our aim in this study is to examine variations and to reveal their incidence. In our study, CT angiography images of 310 patients were retrospectively analyzed in 3D and MIP. The 310 patients consisted of 151 males and 159 females with a mean age of 64.52 years. As a result of our analysis, no statistically significant difference was found between genders. Classical type was found 75%, type 2 20.32%, type 3 2.58%, type 4 0.96% and type 5 0.96%. As a result of our analysis, no statistically significant difference was found between genders. Determining the location of the anatomical structures of the arteries is important for accurate, healthy, rapid and successful interventions, especially in cases where early intervention is essential. Likewise, knowledge of vascular branching variations is vital to prevent complications that may develop in radiologic or surgical operations, especially in the head-neck and chest region. Therefore, we think that our study will provide important information for cardiovascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, cardiologists, head and neck surgeons and thoracic surgeons
Variation of 40-year Pb deposition in some conifers grown in the air-polluted-urban area of Duzce, Turkiye
Full text linkLead (Pb), one of the most lethal heavy metals (priority contaminant) in environmental and human health, spreads to the air as a metal or compound and has noxious properties. Therefore, tracking and diminishing Pb pollution are urgent and priority research topics. This study aims to contribute to the determination of suitable biomonitor species that can be used to observe Pb pollution shifts over a long period and hyperaccumulator species that can be used to lessen pollution. For this reason, it was selected to use species from Duzce, one of the five most unclean municipalities in Europe, including Pinus pinaster, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cupressus arizonica, Cedrus atlantica, and Picea orientalis. The Pb concentration variations based on the species, organ, direction, and age range in the last 4 decades were assessed by examining the samples taken from tree species. The highest Pb concentrations were found in the outer bark and the east and north directions (high vehicle density) in almost all the species. These results showed that Pb pollution increases significantly due to vehicles. In conclusion, the displacement of Pb in wood was limited in these species; therefore, they could be used to track the Pb pollution change. C. arizonica and P. menziesii were determined to be suitable for reducing Pb pollution.Duzce UniversityWe thank to Kastamonu University Scientific Research Project Coordination for element analyses
Properties of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) containing microencapsulated phase change material (PCM)
Full text link3D printing of cementitious materials is a novel approach to fabricating structural components with many applications, including rapid structural recovery in remote areas since it can function almost autonomously. However, since the newly built components are instantly exposed to the outside environment, their thermal properties can have major impact on their energy efficiency and the long-term operating costs for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. To address this challenge, and for the first time, this study combines an outdoor thermal monitoring system with a detailed material performance evaluation for 3D printed concrete (3DPC) containing melamine–formaldehyde-based phase change materials (PCMs). To uncover the impact of PCMs in 3DPC sections, a series of standardized and advanced tests, including nano-indentation, µCT scanning, SEM, and thermal efficiency measurements, were performed. Results show that the inclusion of PCM increased total porosity from 14.44 % to 21.49 % and water absorption from 8.57 % to 11.20 %. Surface hardness decreased from 1296.11 MPa to 764.58 MPa, accompanied by a higher variability (standard deviation rising from 256.60 MPa to 414.55 MPa) for PCM-containing samples, as compared to the reference 3DPC samples. The addition of PCMs also reduced thermal conductivity by ∼10%, while it also remained stable after 100 cycles of freeze-thawing. The results of the study are found to be significant and contribute to the development of energy-efficient and resilient materials. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Laparoskopik Kolesistektomi Sonrası İnatçı Bilioma: Bir Olgu Sunumu
Full text linkBiloma is defined as an encapsulated bile collection outside the biliary tree, typically resulting from iatrogenic injuries. Its clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic presentations to severe abdominal pain and peritonitis. Initial treatment should prioritize minimally invasive methods, with escalation to surgical interventions when necessary. Advanced imaging techniques such as MRCP and cytological analyses support diagnosis and aid in treatment planning. Early detection and individualized management are critical for preventing complications in biloma treatment. A multidisciplinary approach facilitates effective patient management and improves outcomes. While minimally invasive interventions are generally preferred, surgical intervention may sometimes be unavoidable. Timely interventions and regular follow-up enhance treatment efficacy and ensure favorable outcomes.|Biloma, safra yolları dışında, genellikle iatrojenik yaralanmalar sonucu oluşan kapsüllü safra birikimi olarak tanımlanır. Klinik belirtileri asemptomatik durumlardan şiddetli karın ağrısı ve peritonite kadar geniş bir yelpazede değişiklik gösterebilir. İlk tedavi, minimal invaziv yöntemlere öncelik vermelidir ve gerektiğinde cerrahi müdahalelere başvurulmalıdır. MRCP gibi ileri görüntüleme teknikleri ve sitolojik analizler tanıyı destekler ve tedavi planlamasına yardımcı olur. Biloma tedavisinde erken tanı ve bireyselleştirilmiş yönetim, komplikasyonların önlenmesi açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Multidisipliner bir yaklaşım, etkili hasta yönetimini kolaylaştırır ve tedavi sonuçlarını iyileştirir. Minimal invaziv müdahaleler genellikle tercih edilse de cerrahi müdahale bazen kaçınılmaz olabilir. Zamanında yapılan müdahaleler ve düzenli takip, tedavi etkinliğini artırır ve olumlu sonuçlar sağlar
Small non-coding RNAs have predicted roles in reproductive biology and transposable element regulation in the parasitic worm Strongyloides venezuelensis
Full text linkThe gastrointestinal parasitic nematode Strongyloides spp. has a unique life cycle that alternates between a parasitic generation that reproduces through mitotic parthenogenesis and a dioecious free-living sexually reproducing generation. Adult females from these two generations are genetically identical, making them an informative model to identify molecular differences between parasitic and free-living lifestyles and understand different reproductive strategies. We investigated the expression of small RNAs (sRNAs) that are either enriched for a 5' monophosphate modification (5'pN) or are 5' modification-independent, across five life cycle stages of the rodent parasite Strongyloides venezuelensis. We identified miRNAs and small-interfering RNAs expressed by S. venezuelensis that are predicted to target and regulate the expression of protein-coding genes and transposable elements (TEs). Three previously unreported classes of sRNA were identified: (1) 25Gs with a putative role in reproduction in adult females, (2) tRNA-derived 24-28 nt sRNAs (tsRNAs) which are predicted to target TEs in free-living females, and (3) 5'pN-enriched 26-29Cs with 5' CGAATCC and 3' TTT motifs expressed in parasitic females. We also confirmed that S. venezuelensis expresses the 27G class of sRNAs involved in TE regulation, which was previously identified in the rodent parasite Strongyloides ratti. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the role of sRNAs in reproductive biology and parasitism.Japanese Society for the Promotion of ScienceThe authors thank all members of Parasite Systems Biology lab for their critical comments and technical supports. Computations were partially performed on the NIG supercomputer at ROIS National Institute of Genetics
Assessing Tree Species for Monitoring and Mitigating Strontium Pollution in Urban Environments
Full text linkAir pollution, particularly heavy metal contamination, has emerged as a critical global issue, posing significant human and environmental health risks over the past century. Strontium (Sr), a highly hazardous heavy metal, even at small concentrations, is classified as a priority contaminant by international organizations due to its potential adverse effects. This study aimed to specify the most appropriate plant species for observing and mitigating Sr contamination. Samples were collected from Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir), Tilia tomentosa (Silver linden), and Fraxinus excelsior (European ash or common ash) growing in D & uuml;zce, T & uuml;rkiye, one of the five most unclean towns in European countries according to the 2021 World Air Pollution Report. Variations in Sr concentrations over the past 60 years were analyzed based on tree species, tree organs, direction, and age group. The findings reveal that these species are unsuitable as biomonitors for tracking Sr pollution trends. However, all three species demonstrated the ability to accumulate significant levels of Sr in their wood, making them viable candidates for phytoremediation efforts. Among the species studied, European ash trees were the most effective in reducing Sr contamination, with the highest Sr accumulation in wood (11.36 mg/kg).Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBIdot;TAK)Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUB & Idot;TAK)
Does Loss of Appetite in Acute Appendicitis Indicate an Empty Stomach?
Full text linkAim: Loss of appetite (anorexia) is a prevalent symptom in patients with acute appendicitis. In these cases, it can be hypothesized that the stomach is empty, and the gallbladder is contracted due to loss of appetite. In this study, we aimed to investigate gastric fullness and gallbladder status in patients with acute appendicitis. We investigated whether these parameters can be indirectly supported by imaging findings of anorexia and to what extent they are significant in terms of aspiration risk in emergency surgery planning. Material and Methods: CT images of patients with acute appendicitis and the control group were evaluated for gastric fullness and gallbladder appearance. Results: A total of 266 patients were included in the study. A hundred and thirty-nine patients (52.3%) were diagnosed with acute appendicitis, while 127 patients (47.7%) were classified as the control group. The proportion of patients with an empty stomach was statistically significantly higher in patients with acute appendicitis compared to the control group (p<0.001). Gastric filling grade 3 (high-risk solid gastric content for aspiration) was in 23% (n=32) of the cases with acute appendicitis. Conclusion: Gastric fullness and gallbladder contraction are straightforward findings on CT that can provide indirect evidence in suspected acute appendicitis cases. Although anorexia is a key symptom, over half of patients continue oral intake irregularly, leaving up to one-fifth at high risk for aspiration during emergency surgery. Therefore, preoperative starvation protocols should not rely solely on the presence of anorexia
Nano-enhanced microbial fuel cells for sustainable wastewater treatment and energy recovery
Full text linkThis study investigates the performance of nine single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) equipped with nanomaterial-modified anodes using real domestic wastewater. Boron nitride-modified anodes achieved the highest output, with a 132 % increase in voltage and a 4.6-fold improvement in power density compared to the control. Steady-state averages, in addition to maximum values, were reported to avoid overestimation of performance. COD removal efficiencies (62–85 %) correlated strongly with energy recovery, while low coulombic efficiencies (6–9 %) were attributed to competing electron acceptors such as sulfate and nitrate. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, p 2- or TiO2-based electrodes, demonstrating enhanced electron transfer and bioelectrocatalysis. This study highlights the practical potential of nanomaterial-modified anodes in MFCs, while recognizing challenges in scalability, cost, and long-term stability. Future research should focus on low-cost synthesis methods and pilot-scale demonstrations to enable integration into existing wastewater treatment facilities. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Climate change impacts on Taxus baccata distribution and conservation
Full text linkThis study looks at the impact of climate change on the future distribution of Taxus baccata L., a species under threat. It examines how altitudinal changes may influence distribution, projecting scenarios to 2100 using the SSPs 585 SSPs 245 scenarios in 20-year intervals. The results show a contraction in distribution in areas such as in Iceland and the United Kingdom, with certain extreme points disappearing. Simultaneously, new suitable areas are expected to emerge in select regions of Asia. The study underscores the significant changes anticipated in the distribution of T. baccata due to global climate change. It suggests that the threshold for addressing climate change on this particular species has been exceeded, and emphasizes the need for concerted efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts on ecosystems and organisms. As climate change affects various aspects of life, the study advocates for sector-wide plans. These would include efficient resource utilization, selecting genotypes for afforestation of this species with lower water requirements, incorporating climate change predictions into management plans, conserving biological and genetic diversity, and developing in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies. Anticipation of future climate changes and corresponding measures in response are crucial to minimizing the impact on this species. The study recommends establishing mixed forests composed of species resilient to a range of climate scenarios, thereby enhancing forest continuity across regions with varying degrees of climate impact. Genetic diversity is an important defense mechanism important to preserving it. Global climate change will result in significant alterations in the distribution of certain species, potentially causing population declines. Intervention is required to support the adaptation of vulnerable species, necessitating forward-looking strategies that anticipate shifts in their habitat suitability. This study emphasizes the implications of climate change for T. baccata and underscores the urgency of targeted conservation efforts to protect its populations and ensure long-term persistence
Factors Affecting Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Study
Full text linkPurpose: In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), infections, particularly pneumonias, are the most common cause of hospital admissions and death after cardiovascular diseases. It is recommended that dialysis patients receive the pneumococcal vaccine every five years and the influenza vaccine annually. Our study aims to determine the awareness and factors affecting influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates in hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients undergoing regular hemodialysis treatment in 10 different hemodialysis centers across 4 cities. After excluding patients with less than one year of hemodialysis duration and those under 18 years of age, 548 patients were included in the study. Patients were administered a 20-item survey via face-to-face interview and electronic medical records. Results: Out of the 548 patients, only 19 (3.5%) had knowledge about the pneumococcal vaccine, while 238 (43.4%) had knowledge about the influenza vaccine. There were 220 patients (20.1%) who had knowledge about both vaccines. Among the patients, 95 (17.3%) had received the pneumococcal vaccine, with 41.1% of them having received it five years ago or more. A significant proportion (33.7%) of the patients could not recall the timing of their vaccination. While 183 (33.4%) patients had not received the influenza vaccine, only 140 (25.5%) had been vaccinated regularly every year. The reasons for not receiving the influenza and pneumococcal vaccines were stated as I do not feel the need because I do not get the flu (25%) and I do not know about the pneumonia vaccine (36.7%), respectively. The ROC curve analysis for the influenza questionnaire score showed an AUC of 0.822 (95% CI 0.787-0.856), with a p-value of <0.001. The statistically significant cutoff value for predicting influenza vaccination was determined to be 2.5. In the univariate analysis, dialysis duration (HD duration), diabetes mellitus (DM), and vascular access type were found to be statistically significant. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, dialysis duration and DM were identified as independent factors predicting a higher level of knowledge about the influenza vaccine (p=0.009, 0.003, and p=0.041). The ROC curve analysis for the pneumococcal questionnaire score showed an AUC of 0.920 (95% CI 0.886-0.955), with a p-value of <0.001. The statistically significant cutoff value for predicting pneumococcal vaccination was determined to be 3.5. In the univariate analysis, residence, dialysis duration, and education level were found to be statistically significant. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, dialysis duration and education level were identified as independent factors predicting a higher level of knowledge about the pneumococcal vaccine (p=0.038, 0.040, and p=0.010). physicians, nurses and nephrologists on this issue will increase vaccination rates