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Zakaj je možno, da so obstajali stiki med Slovenci in Židi pred l. 1000 n. š.
No full textThe traditional view of Jewish settlement history in Europe posits migrations from the Mediterranean region through northern France and Italy into Bavaria and the Rhineland by the end of the first millennium. The Judaized dialects of German (known as Yiddish) were allegedly created when these Romance-speaking Jews switched toregional German dialects. Yiddish has traditionally been defined asa Judaized form of High German dialects. This paper will demonstrate how linguistic evidence allows us to postulate an innovative theory about the migration of Jews (both Palestinian emigres and indigenous European converts) – namely, through the Balkans into the bilingual Sorbo-German lands by the late first millennium A.D. In this view, Yiddish was created by Balkan Jewish emigres speaking one or more Balkan languages: Romance, Greek and/or South Slavic. Contrary to the common view, Yiddish is best seen as a dialect of Sorbian which eventually became relexified to Middle High German (thus resulting in a Slavic language with an overwhelming German vocabulary). The article specifically emphasizes evidence from the Slovene territory.
Običajno se domneva, da so se Židje do konca prvega tisočletja selili iz Sredozemlja prek severne Francije in Italije na Bavarsko in v Porenje. Judaizirana nemška narečja (znana kot jidiš) naj bi se oblikovala, ko so ti romansko govoreči Židje prevzeli nemška narečja. Tako se jidiš običajno pojmuje kot judaizirana oblika visokonemških narečij. V prispevku je pokazano, kako jezikoslovni dokazi omogočajo vzpostavitev nove teorije o selitvi Židov (tako palestinskih emigrantov kot domorodnih evropskih spreobrnjencev), namreč da so sedo poznega prvega tisočletja n. š. prek Balkana selili na dvojezična lužiškosrbsko govoreča ozemlja. S tega stališča bi morali jidiš oblikovati balkanski židovski emigranti, ki so govorili enega ali več balkanskih jezikov: romansko, grško in/ali južnoslovansko. V nasprotju z običajnim pojmovanjem je na jidiš najbolje gledati kot na narečje lužiščine, ki je bilo naposled preleksikalizirano s srednjevisokonemškim besedjem (kar je na koncu imelo za posledico slovanski jezik s prevladujočim nemškim besediščem). Prispevek poudarja dokaze, ki izhajajo s slovenskega ozemlja
Cafov prispevek k rezijanski leksikografiji
No full textTo judge by the Resian lexical items in Pleteršnik for which Oroslav Caf is credited, it may be said that his contribution to Resian lexicography is considerable. This goes for the sheer amount of the items, adding up to more than 300, and for their choice, as many of them are not known from other sources.
Linguistic evidence strongly suggests that the dialect material originates from a native speaker of the Bila/San Giorgio variety of Resian. The standardisation of ù as û can easiest be explained as stemming from a dialect in which ū and ù have merged, like in the Bila reflex ǖ. This evidence is corroborated by historical evidence brought forward by Matičetov. In about one third of the cases no modern attestations could be obtained for Caf’s lexical items. Apart from the item vozíca ‘der Schiebkarren’, confirmed as ûzica by Baudouin de Courtenay, these items are not found in other sources either. This means that they could be of limited use for further linguistic analysis, as the ‘‘filtering’’ by Pleteršnik, who standardised the forms for the purposes of his dictionary, and Caf, who was prone to etymologise in his dialect transcriptions, may have obscured the actual underlying dialect form.Sodeč po prispevanem gradivu za Pleteršnikov slovar ima Oroslav Caf velike zasluge za razvoj rezijanske leksikografije. Iz Cafovega slovarskega gradiva namreč izvira več kot 300 Pleteršnikovih iztočnic in mnoge izmed njih nam niso znane iz nobenega drugega vira.
Jezikoslovna dejstva kažejo na to, da Cafovo gradivo izvira iz Bile/San Giorgio. Standardizacija glasu ù z û se namreč najlaže razloži z vplivom govora, v katerem sta sovpadla ū in ù, to pa je primer v bilskem refleksu ǖ.V prid temu jezikoslovnemu argumentu govorijo tudi zgodovinska dejstva, na katera opozarja Matičetov. Približno tretjine besed iz Cafove zbirke danes na terenu ne moremo več potrditi. Razen primera vozíca, ki ga Baudouin de Courtenay navaja kot ûzica, jih ne najdemo niti v starejših virih. Ti primeri imajo za nadaljnjo jezikoslovno analizo omejeno vrednost, saj sta Pleteršnikovo ‘‘filtriranje’’ narečnih zapisov v standardizirane in Cafovo nagnjenje k etimologiziranju lahko zameglili njihovo dejansko narečno podobo
Kategorialne pomenske lastnosti in tipologiziranje slovarske večpomenskosti
Full text linkIn addition to the denotative meaning, the categorial lexical meaning is considered an immanent component of the lexical meaning. It is defined as the set of categorial semantic features, existing as gender in nouns, aspect in verbs etc. Defined in this way, the categorial meaning makes it possible for changes on the level of categorial semantic features (e.g., Po {+count) + Pm {-count)) to be the criterion for the typologization of lexical polysemy. The paper presents such a typology of nouns, taking into consideration two categorial properties: countability and humanness.Kategorialni slovarski pomen je poleg denotativnega pomena prepoznan kot obvezna samostojna sestavina slovarskega pomena. Definiran je kot zbir kategorialnih pomenskih sestavin, obstoječih kot npr. lastnost spola pri samostalniku, vida pri glagolu ipd. Tako definiran kategorialni pomen omogoča, da se kot merilo za tipologiziranje slovarske večpomenskosti upoštevajo spremembe na ravni vsebovanih kategorialnih pomenskih sestavin pri motiviranjsko povezanih pomenih večpomenskega leksema (npr. Po {števno+) + Pm {števno-)). V sestavku predstavljena tovrstna tipologizacija samostalniškega gradiva se omejuje na upoštevanje dveh kategorialnih pomenskih lastnosti: števnosti in človeškosti
Napajanje podzemne vode kot osnova za ugotavljanje ekosistemskih storitev na skupnih zemljiščih: primer Primorske v Sloveniji
No full textThe objective of this analysis is to assess groundwater ecosystem services and collect available data, with a particular focus on the supply side of their provision in common lands. The assessment of the state and trends of its recharge is conducted using the water balance model mGROWA. The study focuses on the period from 1972 to 2023 and the Primorska region due to the availability of both, spatial and temporal data for groundwater recharge and for forests on common lands. Based on the findings, we propose to recognise and support agrarian communities as large land proprietors practising the sustainable management of natural resources, underpinned by a benefit-sharing paradigm as stakeholders in groundwater management.Cilj te analize je opredeliti ekosistemske storitve podzemne vode in zbrati dostopne podatke s poudarkom na njenem zagotavljanju na zemljiščih, ki jih posedujejo agrarne skupnosti. Obseg in dinamika polnjenja podzemne vode sta ocenjena z modelom mGROWA. Spričo razpoložljivosti novejših prostorskih podatkov in trendov napajanja podzemne vode ter gospodarjenja z gozdovi smo se osredotočili na Primorsko in na obdobje med letoma 1972 in 2023. Na podlagi ugotovitev predlagamo, da se agrarne skupnosti kot lastnike velikih zemljišč z delujočo lokalno tradicijo njihovega trajnostnega upravljanja, ki temelji na paradigmi deljenih skupnih virov, upošteva kot deležnike v upravljanju s podzemno vodo
Soulages, Richter in drugi: Abstraktna vitražna okna v srednjeveških sakralnih spomenikih kot univerzalni jezik za strateška javna naročila 1960–2010
Full text linkThis study explores how modern abstract stained-glass interventions can profoundly transform the atmosphere and meaning of medieval sacred monuments, imbuing them with new layers of spiritual, aesthetic, and collective identity. Focusing on non-figurative works by the renowned artists Pierre Soulages (Saint Faith’s Church in Conques, France), Gerhard Richter (Cologne Cathedral in Germany), and Stanislav Libenský and Jaroslava Brychtová (Saint Vitus’s Cathedral in Prague, Czech Republic), the research investigates how such interventions reinterpret tradition through contemporary visual language. It considers the performative and symbolic potency of these artworks, examining the intent of both their artists and commissioners, and how these projects reflect broader ideological contexts of a politically divided world and its aftermath. Ultimately, the study probes the unique resonance between medieval and modern artistic expression, revealing how abstract stained glass can serve as a spiritually and socially legitimizing force within historically layered sacred spaces.V raziskavi ugotavljamo, kako lahko sodobne abstraktne vitražne intervencije globoko spremenijo vzdušje in pomen sre-
dnjeveških sakralnih spomenikov ter jim dodajo nove plasti duhovne, estetske in kolektivne identitete. Z osredotočanjem na nefigurativna dela priznanih umetnikov, kot so Pierre Soulages (opatijska cerkev Sainte-Foy v Conquesu, Francija), Gerhard Richter (katedrala v Kölnu, Nemčija) ter Stanislav Libenský in Jaroslava Brychtová (katedrala sv. Vida, Praga), v raziskavi proučujemo, kako takšni posegi ponovno interpretirajo tradicijo s sodobnim vizualnim jezikom. Obravnavamo performativno in simbolno moč teh umetniških del, proučujemo namene umetnikov in naročnikov ter razlagamo, kako njihovi projekti odražajo širše ideološke kontekste politično razdeljenega sveta in njegove razsežnosti. Končno v raziskavi proučujemo tudi edinstveno resonanco med srednjeveškim in sodobnim umetniškim izrazom ter razkrivamo, kako lahko abstraktno vitražno steklo služi kot duhovna in družbena legitimizacija v zgodovinsko večplastnih sakralnih prostorih
Posredniška vloga slovarskih del 16. stoletja pri ohranjanju besedne zapuščine čakavca Jurija Juričiča v slovenskem knjižnem jeziku
Full text linkThis paper discusses the mediating role of the Register in Dalmatin’s Bible and Megiser’s multilingual dictionaries in the continuity of the words that were first attested in Juričič’s Postilla (1578) in the Slovenian literary language. An examination of the material in older Slovenian dictionaries shows that the Register in Dalmatin’s Bible did not play a special role either in the inclusion of Juričič’s words in Megiser’s dictionaries or in their inclusion in dictionaries from later periods of linguistic history, whereas the words that also appear in Megiser’s dictionaries show greater continuity.V prispevku je analizirano vprašanje posredniške vloge Registra v Dalmatinovi Bibliji in Megiserjevih večjezičnih slovarjev pri kontinuiteti besed, v slovenščini prvič izpričanih v Juričičevi postili, v slovenskem knjižnem jeziku. Pregled gradiva starejših slovenskih slovarjev je pokazal, da Register v Dalmatinovi Bibliji ni odigral posebne vloge niti pri vključitvi Juričičevih besed v Megiserjeva slovarja niti pri njihovi vključitvi v slovarje iz kasnejših obdobij jezikovne zgodovine; besede, ki so izpričane tudi v Megiserjevih slovarjih, pa izkazujejo večjo kontinuiteto
Uvod v tematski sklop
No full textThis special thematic section explores and provides new evidence at the nexus between company profiles, access to information, and rule compliance. The three articles of the special thematic section are based on research conducted in the frame of the transnational research project titled “Assessment of the channels of information and their use in the posting of workers” (INFO-POW), co-funded by the European Commission and implemented in Austria, Belgium, Italy, Slovakia, and Slovenia during 2022–2024
Knjižna ocena - A. Kalc, M. Milharčič Hladnik, and J. Žitnik Serafin, Daring Dreams of the Future: Slovenian Mass Migrations 1870–1945
No full textThe migratory processes during the 19th and 20th centuries were a characteristic feature of Slovenian social and political history, deeply affecting the daily lives of entire communities, families, and individuals. In this book, two different phases of Slovenian migration are addressed: the free movement within and across state borders and then the interwar period, when migration policies were subordinated to the tyranny of the nation, which resulted in more restrictive measures.The authors of this complex volume are Aleksej Kalc, Mirjam Milharčič Hladnik, and Janja Žitnik Serafin, researchers at the Slovenian Migration Institute at the Scientific Research Centre at the Slovenian Academy of Science and Arts. Over the past decades, they have made a significant contribution to Slovenian social, cultural, and political history, reconstructing the migratory movements that have taken place in the Adriatic border area and helping to shed light on integration processes, gender inequalities, and the cultural elements in which those who left and those who remained identified