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Naša, vaša, njihova, nikogaršnja? Dediščina večkulturnih območij
No full textThe introductory article examines the processes of creating, using, and interpreting heritage in diverse multicultural settings. Special attention is given to exploring the creative and performative power of heritage in minority, linguistically diverse, post-imperial, post-socialist, and other multicultural environments, where heritage functions as a dynamic field of negotiation, contestation, and connection.Uvodni članek obravnava procese ustvarjanja, rab in interpretacij dediščine v raznolikih večkulturnih okoljih. Poseben poudarek namenja preučevanju ustvarjalne in performativne moči dediščine v manjšinskih, jezikovno raznolikih, postimperialnih, postsocialističnih in drugih večkulturnih okoljih, kjer dediščina nastopa kot dinamično polje pogajanj, polemik in povezovanj
On a new Molinia caerulea grassland association in the Central Apennines (Italy)
Full text linkMolinia caerulea meadows represent a well-known Natura 2000 Habitat with a large potential distribution area in Europe. As for Italy, at present they were recognized only in its Northern and Southern part. The present study analyzes for the first time a new Molinia caerulea plant community found in a karst montane plateau of Central Italy. Its floristic-sociological characteristics allow the authors to propose the new association Centaureo jaceae-Molinietum caeruleae, with two subassociation (-typicum and -caricetosum hostianae, along with one variant. Despite of these Purple moorgrass meadows show some affinities with some Western Balkan plant associations belonging to Trifolio-Hordeetalia, the study suggests that the new association should be better referred to the Molinietalia caeruleae order
Slovenske ekspresivne pripone: variacija v načinu dodajanja obrazila na primeru pozitivno konotirane manjšalnosti in pozitivne konotacije brez manjšalnosti
No full textThis paper presents a typological classification of Slovenian expressive suffixes based on their formal properties. Our analysis builds on crosslinguistic research on expressive suffixation in Russian, Spanish, German, and Greek (Wiltschko and Steriopolo 2007; Steriopolo 2008, 2009, 2015, 2016; Steriopolo, Markopoulos, and Spyropoulos 2021). These studies demonstrate that the place and manner of attachment of expressive suffixes can be predicted from their meaning within each language, though crosslinguistic variation exists. For instance, in Russian, expressive suffixes conveying attitude function as morphological heads, whereas in Greek, they act as modifiers. Similarly, size suffixes behave as modifiers in Russian and Spanish but as heads in Greek and German. In this paper, we analyze a subset of Slovenian expressive suffixes, specifically attitude suffixes with a positive emotional connotation and size suffixes with diminutive meaning, focusing on their manner of attachment. Our findings indicate that Slovenian does not exhibit a one-to-one correlation between form and function, as both size and attitude suffixes can behave either as modifiers or heads. This demonstrates that variation in attachment patterns is not only a crosslinguistic phenomenon but also occurs within a single language.V prispevku je predstavljena tipološka delitev slovenskih ekspresivnih pripon na podlagi njihovih formalnih lastnosti. Naše izhodišče je medjezikovna raziskava o ruskih, španskih, nemških in grških ekspresivnih tvorjenkah (Wiltschko in Steriopolo 2007; Steriopolo 2008, 2009, 2015, 2016; Steriopolo, Markopoulos in Spyropoulos 2021). Te raziskave pokažejo, da je formalno obliko ekspresivne pripone, natančneje njeno mesto in način dodajanja, mogoče predvideti iz pomena ekspresivnih pripon v vsakem posamičnem jeziku, vendar z medjezikovnimi razlikami. Na primer, ekspresivne pripone, ki izražajo čustveno naravnanost, se v ruščiniobnašajo kot morfološka jedra, medtem ko v grščini delujejo kot modifikatorji. Nasprotno pa se pripone, ki izražajo velikost oz. manjšalnost, obnašajo v ruščini in španščini kot modifikatorji, medtem ko v grščini in nemščini delujejo kot jedra. V tem prispevku preučujemo slovensko podmnožico ekspresivnih pripon, natančneje čustveno izrazne pripone s pozitivno konotacijo in pripone za izražanje manjšalnosti, ter njihov način dodajanja k osnovi. V članku pokažemo, da v slovenščini ne moremo potrditi enoznačne korelacije med obliko in funkcijo, saj lahko tako čustveno izrazne pripone kot pripone za izražanje manjšalnosti delujejo bodisi kot modifikatorji bodisi kot jedra. To pomeni, da je razlike v načinu dodajanja obrazil mogoče najti ne le medjezikovno, temveč tudi znotraj enega samega jezika
Slovenski kineziološki termini s pridevniško sestavino gibalni ali motorični in njihovi angleški ustrezniki
Full text linkThe paper examines Slovenian kinesiological multiword terms containing either the adjectival element gibalni or motorični as a noun premodifier based on their occurrence in terminological dictionaries and scientific and professional texts in the subject field of kinesiology. By comparing the relevant entries in Slovenian and English terminological dictionaries and examining bilingual abstracts from Slovenian kinesiological journals, the study attempts to determine the English equivalents of these terms. However, the overall aim is to contribute to greater clarity and transparency of the Slovenian scientific language in kinesiology, by noting examples of inconsistent use of terms.Prispevek ponuja pregled večbesednih terminov, sestavljenih iz zveze levega pridevniškega prilastka gibalni ali motorični in samostalniškega jedra, ki se pojavljajo v terminoloških slovarjih in strokovnih besedilih s področja kineziologije. Poiskati poskuša njihove angleške ustreznike s primerjavo slovarskih gesel v slovenskih in angleških terminoloških slovarjih ter z vzporejanjem prevodov, v katerih se pojavljajo termini, znotraj dvojezičnih izvlečkov člankov v slovenskih strokovnih in znanstvenih revijah. Osrednji namen članka je z opozarjanjem na primere nedosledne rabe terminov prispevati k večji jasnosti in prečiščenosti slovenskega znanstvenega jezika na področju kineziologije
Srednja vas v Bohinju – paleookoljski zapis vpliva človeka na nižine Julijskih Alp
Full text linkIn recent decades, archaeological and palynological research in the Bohinj basin has mainly focused on the highlands, while research in the valley is much older and often insufficient. In order to obtain new information about the local human impact on the environment, a palynological analysis was carried out in a marsh-like environment near Srednja vas v Bohinju. The main aim of the investigation was to obtain more information about the former vegetation, economy and use of the environment.The palynological results show an early human impact on the environment (since the Eneolithic, ca. 4700 cal. BP). In the Iron Age/Roman period, the local spruce forest was replaced by pastures, which is consistent with the archaeological sites nearby. Throughout the Middle Ages, a decline in tree taxa can be observed, which could be due to continuous pastoralism and an increasing demand for iron. In the Modern Period, the landscape remained open with continuous grazing/arable farming and indirectly due to metallurgy.Arheološke raziskave, ki so se na območju Bohinja v preteklosti osredotočale predvsem na alpske doline, so se v zadnjih desetletjih razširile še v visokogorje. Sledile so jim tudi palinološke raziskave. Da bi pridobili nove informacije o lokalnem vplivu človeka na okolje in posredno gospodarski izrabi prostora, smo v okolici Srednje vasi v Bohinju izvrtali vrtino za palinološke analize.Rezultati analize kažejo človeški vpliv na vegetacijo od eneolitika naprej (ca. 4700 cal. BP). V železni dobi in rimskemobdobju so lokalni smrekov gozd nadomestili pašniki, kar je v skladu s prisotnostjo večjega števila arheoloških najdišč v bližini. V srednjem veku je opaziti upad drevesnih taksonov, kar je lahko posledica kontinuirane paše in vse večjih potreb po železu. V novem veku je krajina ostala odprta s kontinuiranim pojavljanjem peloda antropogenih indikatorjev, ki nakazujejo na pašništvo/poljedelstvo in posredno na metalurgijo
Misliti stroj: nadomestek, mimezis, metafora
No full textThe fact that we were used to thinking non-thinking machines, the ones supplementing human physical labor, and that we are only now encountering machines that supposedly supplement human thinking, does not mean that this is either the direction in the evolution of the machine or the genealogy of ideas about the machine. Psychoanalysis tempts us to say that the history of the machine could only be written together with the history of the unconscious, while studies of ancient orality reveal to us the intricacy of the oral technicity predating the technology of the written word. This means that the machine predates a simple tool, and highlights the possibility of thinking a genealogy of the machine, which must necessarily entangle with the genealogy of thought and memory. Following this line of thought, we should correct ourselves by saying that the idea of a machine that thinks is not a contemporary occurrence after all.Dejstvo, da smo bili navajeni misliti stroje, ki ne mislijo, tiste, ki nadomeščajo človekovo fizično delo, in da se šele zdaj srečujemo s stroji, ki domnevno nadomeščajo človekovo mišljenje, še ne pomeni, da je to smer razvoja stroja ali genealogija idej o stroju. Psihoanaliza nas napeljuje k temu, da bi rekli, da je zgodovino stroja mogoče pisati le skupaj z zgodovino nezavednega, medtem ko nam študije antične oralnosti razkrivajo njihovo zapletenost, ki predhodi tehnologiji pisane besede. To pomeni, da se stroj pojavi pred preprostim orodjem, kar kaže na možnost mišljenja genealogije stroja, ki se mora nujno prepletati z genealogijo mišljenja in spomina. Če sledimo tej misli, bi se navsezadnje morali popraviti in reči, da ideja stroja, ki misli, vendarle ni sodoben pojav
Hierarhične dvoumnosti v vezalnih prirednih strukturah v slovenščini in drugih slovanskih jezikih
No full textThe nature of coordination, including derivation and constituency in coordinate structures, was debated by earlier writers, such as Aristotle and Dionysius Thrax, up to the present day by linguists such as Bloomfield and Chomsky. Copulative coordination expressing the meaning 'and' is achieved in four different ways, each of which are realized in the Slavic languages. It is also possible to find some kinds of ambiguity in these structures. Contrary to expectations, in addition to classical languages (e.g., Old Persian), some Slavic languages distinguish constituency on both higher and lower levels in these structures. Slovene uses the conjunctions ter, in, p a for these purposes. Another mechanism, with the preposition z (s) (e.g., midva s Petrom), expresses a lower level of coordination.Raziskovalci od Aristotela in Dionizija Traškega do Bloomfielda in Chomskega so razpravljali o lastnostih prirednosti, npr. o derivaciji in članstvu v prirednih strukturah. Vezalno priredje lahko izraža pomen 'in' z vezanjem, ki ga je možno nadalje deliti na štiri razrede. Vsi se uporabljajo v slovanskih jezikih. V teh strukturah je mogoče prepoznati tudi nekatere vrste dvoumnosti. Proti pričakovanju lahko poleg klasičnih jezikov (npr. stare perzijščine) tudi nekateri slovanski jeziki v teh strukturah besedno razlikujejo članstvo na višji in nižji ravni. Slovenščina v ta namen uporablja veznike ter, in, pa. Drugi mehanizem, s predlogom z (s), npr. midva s Petrom, lahko izraia še niijo raven prirednosti
Vpliv purizma na razvoj slovenskega knjižnega jezika
No full textPurism has played a significant role throughout the history of written Slovene. It has been directed at both external and internal threats to the language. Chief among the former have been German, the dominant language of the region, which has influ- enced the Slovene vernacular at all linguistic levels, and Serbo-Croatian, which served as the de-facto idiom of inter-ethnic communication in the former Yugoslavia. Xeno- phobic purism has succeeded in removing most German loanwords from the standard language and replacing them with loanwords from other Slavic languages and calques. Inasmuch as the majority of the German loanwords have been retained in the spoken vernacular this has had the net effect of distancing the standard language from the respective vernacular. On the other hand, the attempt to remove the numerous syntactic and phraseological calques based on German models has been generally unsuccessful in practical terms. However, the puristic reaction to these covert influences has served an important symbolic function in emphasizing a sense of Slovene linguistic identity in the linguistic consciousness of the Slovene speech community. Serbo-Croatian lexical elements, on the other hand, have posed a particularly intractable problem for Slovene purists. This was primarily because in the nineteenth century the Croatian abstract lexicon played a major part in providing standard Slovene with acceptable replacements for internationalisms and Germanisms. Secondly, because of a common involvement in Yugoslavia and the close genetic relationship between Slovene and Serbo-Croatian it was often difficult in practice to identify Serbo-Croatian material in Slovene with any degree of certainty. Indeed, a systematic, dispassionate identification of such material remains as one of the many tasks confronting Slovene scholarship in the years of political independence. Internally, purists have at various times attempted to archaize and Slavicize the orthography and morphology of the standard language. This has fostered a spirit of hypercorrection and pendantry in some Slovene linguistic circles. On the other hand, the strain of ethnographic purism, which goes back to the seminal figure of Jernej Kopitar, has served as an antidote to both archaization and Slavization of Slovene by seeking justification for the norms of standard Slovene in the contemporary dialects. This helps to explain why puristic intervention in standard Slovene can be generally characterized as moderate and free of excesses. Nevertheless, it is equally clear that the puristic debate, which has resounded in the times of Trubar, Kopitar, Cop, and Pregeren right down to the present day, will continue to be a significant factor as the Slovene standard language seeks to define its role on the new socio-political stage of the Slovene-speaking territory.V zgodovini slovenskega knjižnega jezika je purizem igral pomembno vlogo. Usmerjen je bil tako proti zunanjim kot proti notranjim dejavnikom, ki so ogrožali jezik. Od zunanjih sta bila predvsem nemščina, ki je kot dominantni jezik srednje Evrope imela velik vpliv na slovenščino na vseh jezikovnih ravninah, in srbohrvaščtina, ki je bila dejansko sredstvo mednacionalnega sporazumevanja v bivši Jugoslaviji. Ksenofobični purizem je izločil iz knjižnega jezika večino nemških izposojenk in jih nadomestil z izposojenkami iz drugih slovanskih jezikov in kalki. Ker je glavnina nemških izposojenk ostala v pogovornem jeziku, se je knjižni jezik oddaljil od pogovornega. Po drugi strani pa je bil poskus izločanja številnih skladenjskih in frazeoloških kalkov iz jezika na splošno neuspešen, vsaj s praktičnega stališča. Kljub temu pa je puristični odziv na te prikrite vplive odigral pomembno simbolično vlogo s tem, da je utrdil slovensko jezikovno identiteto v zavesti slovenske jezikovne skupnosti. Besedje iz srbohrvaščine pa je povzročalo posebne zagate slovenskim puristom, ker je v 19. stol. hrvaščina dajala slovenščini sprejemljiva nadomestila za mednarodno in nemško abstraktno besedišče. Pri tem pa je bilo zaradi skupnega položaja v Jugoslaviji in izvorne bližine slovengščne in srbohrvaščine v praksi pogosto težko z gotovostjo razlikovati slovensko gradivo od srbohrvaškega. Zato je sistematično in nepristransko identificiranje tega gradiva ostalo naloga, s katero se morajo slovenski jezikoslovci soočiti v obdobju politične samostojnosti. Kar zadeva notranji razvoj, so puristi včasih skušali arhaizirati in slovanizirati pravopis in oblikoslovje knjižnega jezika. To je v določenih jezikoslovnih krogih pospeševalo vzdušje hiperkorektnosti in pikolovstva. Po drugi plati pa je struja narodoslovnega purizma, ki se začenja z vplivno osebnostjo Jerneja Kopitarja, sluižla kot protiutež arhaizaciji in slovanizaciji, ker je utemeljevala normo knjižne slovenščine na sodobnih narečjih. To osvetljuje dejstvo, da puristitčo poseganje v knjižno slovenščino lahko v glavnem označimo kot zmerno in neobremenjeno s skrajnostmi. Vendar je prav tako jasno, da bo puristični spor, ki se vleče od obdobij Trubarja, Kopitarja, Čopa in Prešerna do danes, ostal pomemben dejavnik tudi v času, ko se določa vloga slovenskega knjižnega jezika na novem družbeno-političnem prizorišču slovenskega jezikovnega področja.
Romanske izposojenke v poljedelski terminologiji Slovenske Istre
Full text linkThe material in this article presents Romance borrowings, treated etymologically, in the domain of the agricultural terminology of the dialects of Slovene Istria; as such, it is a summary of the author's doctoral dissertation entitled Agricultural and Viticultural Terminlogy in the Dialects of Slovene Istria. The purpose of the study is to reveal of the paths of Istrian Romanization and to delineate the linguistic geography of the region.Gradivo, ki ga avtorica v tem prispevku etimološko utemeljuje z vidika romanizmov v poljedeljskem izrazju govorov Slovenske Istre, je kratek povzetek njene doktorske disertacije z naslovom Poljedelska in vinogradniška terminologija v govorih Slovenske istre. Namen razprave je ugotoviti tokove istrske romanizacije in začrtati jezikovno podobo tega ozemlja
