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Were Facility Leaders Effectively Prepared to Manage Infection Preventionist Health Care Workers\u27 Stress During the Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis Without Contributing to Increased Stress for the Infection Preventionist?
No full textBarriers and Facilitators to Pre-Licensure Baccalaureate Nursing Students’ Educational Experiences During a Pandemic
No full textIn early spring of 2020, Coronavirus (COVID-19) made its rapid spread throughout the world, negatively impacting the lives of so many. Nurses remain at the frontline in all aspects of patient care providing direct care, support, advocacy, and case management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing institutions and educators were not prepared for the rapid transition to remote learning that were enforced due to the current COVID-19 pandemic and the statewide shutdowns in the spring of 2020. This created new obstacles for both educators and nursing students and had a major impact on the students’ nursing education and preparation as health care professionals.
Purpose: The purpose of this research study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to pre-licensure baccalaureate nursing students’ educational experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: A qualitative descriptive design with the use of focus group interviews was employed for this study to elicit nursing students’ perceptions of their learning experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic among a medium sized university in Western, NY. Purposeful sampling was utilized, and participants self-selected to participate.
Findings: 17 nursing students self-selected to participate in this research study and were stratified by class level. Barriers and facilitators in learning were identified among all five stratified class levels in theory/nursing classes, skills lab, and clinical experience. Similar experiences among the nursing students were identified. Facilitators in theory included decrease workload, increase flexibility, good communication among nursing faculty, and the use of pre-recorded lectures with online learning. Facilitators in skills lab were attributed to increased flexibility of testing out lab skills, and decreased class sizes. Facilitators in clinical were attributed to the ability to care for real patients and the clinical instructors. Barriers in theory included increased distractions, increased self-teaching, professors’ inability to adapt to the online learning environment, Proctorio software with online examination, and lack of resources. Barriers in skills lab were closely related to no on-campus instruction, and the lack of open lab hours or simulation experiences. The barriers identified within the clinical environment included the lack of handson experience due academic closures, the lack of observation experience in specialty areas, and the inability to care for COVID-19 positive patients.
Conclusions: This study sought to identify the barriers and facilitators to pre-licensure baccalaureate nursing students’ educational experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both positive and negative learning experiences were expressed by the participating students among all three learning environments. This current study adds to the current body of knowledge as it identified the barriers and facilitators of prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students’ educational experiences during the current COVID-19 pandemic and can be used to develop new teaching modalities, or change ineffective ones, for future scenarios where abrupt transitions in learning occur
Adolescent and Parent Sleep Quality Mediates the Impact of Family Processes on Family Members\u27 Psychological Distress
No full textOBJECTIVE: To examine the role of adolescents\u27 and their parents\u27 sleep quality as mediators of family-level processes and family members\u27 psychological distress (ie, anxiety/depressive symptoms).
DESIGN: Short-term prospective design with an initial survey followed by a 7-day twice-daily (morning and evening) diary.
SETTING: Online survey for high school students and their parents across the United States.
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 193 adolescent (M = 15.7 years old, standard deviation = 0.94; 54.4% female) and parent (M = 47.6 years old, standard deviation = 5.4; 80% female) dyads.
MEASUREMENT: In the initial survey, adolescents reported on family dysfunction, parent-child relationship quality, and parents reported on their own romantic relationship satisfaction. Both adolescents and parents reported their daily levels of sleep quality (morning diaries) and their psychological distress (evening diaries) for 7 days.
RESULTS: At the level of between-family differences, parents\u27 sleep quality mediated the association between their baseline reports of romantic relationship satisfaction and daily levels of psychological distress. In addition, adolescents\u27 sleep quality mediated the association between family-level dysfunction and their own psychological distress. After controlling for between-family associations, spikes in parents\u27 and/or adolescents\u27 sleep quality on specific mornings predicted corresponding drops in parents\u27 evening reports of psychological distress on those same days. Finally, parents\u27 and adolescents\u27 sleep quality demonstrated significant levels of concordance across the 7 days of the daily diary.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore the dynamic and tightly related processes within the family system and the important role that sleep plays in linking them with family members\u27 psychological distress
An interprofessional activity involving pharmacy and physician assistant students aimed at reinforcing the patient care process
No full textBackground: Pharmacy students should have the opportunity to practice applying the Pharmacists\u27 Patient Care Process (PPCP) in an interprofessional environment. The purpose of this study was to compare the change in students\u27 confidence in their ability to complete the five steps of the PPCP before and after participation in an interprofessional activity involving physician assistant (PA) students.
Interprofessional education activity: Second-year pharmacy students and second-year PA students completed an activity in teams of six (four pharmacy and two PA students per team) in which they applied the PPCP to a patient case to create a plan of care. Students completed a pre- and a post-survey regarding their confidence in completing the PPCP and their attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration, as well as a program evaluation after completion of the activity.
Discussion: There were 117 pharmacy and 58 PA students divided into 29 interprofessional teams. Of those, 99 (85%) pharmacy and 52 (90%) PA students completed both surveys. There was a statistically significant increase in confidence to perform the PPCP for all students, with a large effect size. There were no changes in attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration. Overall, the program evaluation reflected the activity was rated highly by students.
Implications: The interprofessional activity demonstrated a positive effect on students\u27 self-reported confidence in their ability to complete steps of the PPCP. While the interprofessional activity did not affect student attitudes toward interprofessional collaborative practice, the activity was rated highly and most found it to be an important part of their professional development
Sexual Health Education: The Untapped and Unmeasured Potential of US-based Websites
No full textWith the exponential growth of online information seeking by young people, it is imperative for health and sexual health educators to consider online information a resource young people will pursue. Access to accurate and comprehensive sexual health information is important, yet there is a scarcity of research evaluating the quality of this information. Using youth-direct search terms, this study examined the quality of online information accessed with respect to usability and reliability. The top three US-based websites with the highest return rates were the US Centers for Disease Control, Planned Parenthood, and WebMD. Each of these websites was assessed using the Health Information Website Quality Assessment (HIWQA) to examine the quality of sexual health information provided. Results indicated that the reliability of sexual health information was highest on the CDC website while usability was highest on the Planned Parenthood and WebMD websites. These findings signal the variability of website quality and stress the need for websites that have both high usability and reliability when providing sexual health information
Randomised Controlled Trial of the Effects of Increased Energy Intake on Menstrual Recovery in Exercising Women with Menstrual Disturbances: The ‘REFUEL’ Study
No full textSTUDY QUESTION
Does increased daily energy intake lead to menstrual recovery in exercising women with oligomenorrhoea (Oligo) or amenorrhoea (Amen)?
SUMMARY ANSWER
A modest increase in daily energy intake (330 ± 65 kcal/day; 18 ± 4%) is sufficient to induce menstrual recovery in exercising women with Oligo/Amen.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Optimal energy availability is critical for normal reproductive function, but the magnitude of increased energy intake necessary for menstrual recovery in exercising women, along with the associated metabolic changes, is not known.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
The REFUEL study (trial # NCT00392873) is the first randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of 12 months of increased energy intake on menstrual function in 76 exercising women with menstrual disturbances. Participants were randomised (block method) to increase energy intake 20–40% above baseline energy needs (Oligo/Amen + Cal, n = 40) or maintain energy intake (Oligo/Amen Control, n = 36). The study was performed from 2006 to 2014.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Participants were Amen and Oligo exercising women (age = 21.0 ± 0.3 years, BMI = 20.8 ± 0.2 kg/m2, body fat = 24.7 ± 0.6%) recruited from two universities. Detailed assessment of menstrual function was performed using logs and measures of daily urinary ovarian steroids. Body composition and metabolic outcomes were assessed every 3 months.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Using an intent-to-treat analysis, the Oligo/Amen + Cal group was more likely to experience menses during the intervention than the Oligo/Amen Control group (P = 0.002; hazard ratio [CI] = 1.91 [1.27, 2.89]). In the intent-to-treat analysis, the Oligo/Amen + Cal group demonstrated a greater increase in energy intake, body weight, percent body fat and total triiodothyronine (TT3) compared to the Oligo/Amen Control group (P \u3c 0.05). In a subgroup analysis where n = 22 participants were excluded (ambiguous baseline menstrual cycle, insufficient time in intervention for menstrual recovery classification), 64% of the Oligo/Amen + Cal group exhibited improved menstrual function compared with 19% in the Oligo/Amen Control group (χ2, P = 0.001).
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
While we had a greater than expected dropout rate for the 12-month intervention, it was comparable to other shorter interventions of 3–6 months in duration. Menstrual recovery defined herein does not account for quality of recovery.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Expanding upon findings in shorter, non-randomised studies, a modest increase in daily energy intake (330 ± 65 kcal/day; 18 ± 4%) is sufficient to induce menstrual recovery in exercising women with Oligo/Amen. Improved metabolism, as demonstrated by a modest increase in body weight (4.9%), percent body fat (13%) and TT3 (16%), was associated with menstrual recovery.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense: U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command (Grant PR054531). Additional research assistance provided by the Penn State Clinical Research Center was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translation Sciences, National Institutes of Health, through Grant UL1 TR002014. M.P.O. was supported in part by the Loretta Anne Rogers Chair in Eating Disorders at University of Toronto and University Health Network. All authors report no conflict of interest.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT00392873
TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE
October 2006
DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT
September 200
