2313 research outputs found
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Implementing the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale to Identify Acute Opiate Withdrawal: An Evidence-Based Practice Proposal
No full textOpiate use disorder (OUD) has become an increasing problem causing undue strain on the emergency medical system (Carroll et al., 2023, American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Many members of the healthcare team cite difficulties working with this complex population, as substance abuse is often accompanied by other mental health diagnoses, and medical management is not widely taught in preparatory education but rather left to on-the-job training (Lindberg et al, 2022; Santo et al., 2022). Wang & Lee (2003) recognized this and developed a diagnostic tool meant to be administered by clinicians to assess acute opiate withdrawal: the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS). This 11-point scale can be implemented into the electronic medical record to assess acute withdrawal symptoms, assign a severity based on the symptoms, and direct administration of medication to treat acute withdrawal (Williams et al., 2022)
A translational evaluation of component skills for the establishment of multiply controlled intraverbals
No full textIntraverbal behavior is a type of verbal behavior in which the response form has no point-to-point correspondence with its verbal stimulus. However, the form and occurrence of most intraverbals is under the control of multiple variables. Establishing this form of multiple control may depend on a variety of preestablished skills. The purpose of Experiment 1 was to evaluate these potential prerequisites with adult participants using a multiple probe design. The results suggest that training was not required for each putative prerequisite. In Experiment 2, probes for all skills were conducted following convergent intraverbal probes. The results showed that convergent intraverbals only emerged when proficiency of each skill was demonstrated. Finally, Experiment 3 evaluated alternating training of multiple tact and intraverbal categorization. The results showed that this procedure was effective for half of the participants
Directing the Whirlwind: Deconstruction, Distrust, and the Future of American Democracy
No full textDonald J. Trump ran on a platform that, among other things, promised to drain the swamp that is Washington, DC. Part of that draining would entail what his chief strategist, Steve Bannon, would call the deconstruction of the administrative state. Set in the political environment of 2020, with a raging pandemic and nationwide protests, this work examines the philosophy that guides the Trump Administration’s approach and the mechanisms by which it seeks to accomplish the deconstruction. By combining journalistic accounts with presidential and public administration scholarship, the book raises questions about the impact of Trump’s approach on the future of public administration. As such, this work makes a strong contribution to public administration and presidential studies and casts a scholarly light on treatments of Trump’s contribution to governance and politics. This new edition brings the narrative up to date and speculates about the future of the administrative state and our democracy in the aftermath of January 6th under the new Biden Administration and future presidents
COVID-19 Vaccination Related Lymphadenopathy as a Cause of Acute Shoulder Pain: A Report of Two Patients
No full textHuman tau-overexpressing mice recapitulate brainstem involvement and neuropsychiatric features of early Alzheimer’s disease
No full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) poses an ever-increasing public health concern as the population ages, affecting more than 6 million Americans. AD patients present with mood and sleep changes in the prodromal stages that may be partly driven by loss of monoaminergic neurons in the brainstem, but a causal relationship has not been firmly established. This is due in part to a dearth of animal models that recapitulate early AD neuropathology and symptoms. The goal of the present study was to evaluate depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in a mouse model of AD that overexpresses human wild-type tau (htau) prior to the onset of cognitive impairments and assess these behavior changes in relationship to tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and monoaminergic dysregulation in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and locus coeruleus (LC). We observed depressive-like behaviors at 4 months in both sexes and hyperlocomotion in male htau mice. Deficits in social interaction persisted at 6 months and were accompanied by an increase in anxiety-like behavior in males. The behavioral changes at 4 months coincided with a lower density of serotonergic (5-HT) neurons, downregulation of 5-HT markers, reduced excitability of 5-HT neurons, and hyperphosphorylated tau in the DRN. Inflammatory markers were also upregulated in the DRN along with protein kinases and transglutaminase 2, which may promote tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Loss of 5-HT innervation to the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was also observed and may have contributed to depressive-like behaviors. There was also reduced expression of noradrenergic markers in the LC along with elevated phospho-tau expression, but this did not translate to a functional change in neuronal excitability. In total, these results suggest that tau pathology in brainstem monoaminergic nuclei and the resulting loss of serotonergic and/or noradrenergic drive may underpin depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in the early stages of AD
Why Do Americans Fear Government So Much?
No full textHealthy skepticism toward public institutions can be welcome in a civil society that allows for conversation and debate power structures. But, the last few decades of anti-government sentiment have proven to truly degrade trust in government across the board, culminating in President Donald Trump’s four years of his administration that attacked “root and branch” the legitimacy of the administrative state and government itself.
Dr. Lisa Parshall is a Professor of Political Science at Daemen University. She’s one of the authors of the book, Directing the Whirlwind: The Trump Presidency and the Deconstruction of the Administrative State, now in its second edition. In the first part of a two-part discussion, she joined the podcast to discuss how the Jan. 6 insurrection affected the public’s view of government and the different approaches to administrative power.
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Excess chloride and impervious surfaces reduce over-winter quality of stream algal assemblages
Full text linkWinter road salt use leads to the salinization of freshwater habitats. Freshwater organisms experience negative effects due to increased chloride ions, including algae in periphyton biofilms. This study examines the effects of road salt on algal assemblage composition, lipid production, and enzyme activity. Five streams throughout Erie County, New York, US were sampled monthly from October 2018 to March 2019. Chloride concentrations in all streams averaged 203.6 Cl - mg/L throughout the winter and had a highly significant relationship (r s ¼ 0.82) with developed land use. Algal biodiversity scores decreased with elevated salinity (r s ¼ 0.11). Algae exhibited the greatest total lipids in January (2.92 mg/m2 ) and the lowest in March (1.03 mg/m 2 ). Similar trends were observed with x3 and x6 compounds. Overall desaturase D6 activity trended with stream Cl - concentrations, mainly along x6 pathways, suggesting an inflammatory stress response. Algal assemblages exhibited evidence of chronic salt exposure through impaired taxonomic composition and patterns of lipid production that followed trends in stream water salinity. These effects suggest road salt applications have negative effects on stream primary producers with consequences for higher trophic levels
Commentary: Is Wearable Fitness Technology a Medically Approved Device? Yes and No
No full textWearable technologies, i.e., activity trackers and fitness watches, are extremely popular and have been increasingly integrated into medical research and clinical practice. To assist in optimizing health, wellness, or medical care, these devices require collaboration between researchers, healthcare providers, and wearable technology companies in order to clarify their clinical capabilities and educate consumers on the utilities and limitations of the wide-ranging wearable devices. Interestingly, activity trackers and fitness watches often track both health/wellness and medical information within the same device. In this commentary, we will focus our discussions regarding wearable technology on (1) defining and explaining the technical differences between tracking health, wellness, and medical information; (2) providing examples of health and wellness compared to medical tracking; (3) describing the potential medical benefits of wearable technology and its applications in clinical populations; and (4) elucidating the potential risks of wearable technology. We conclude that while wearable devices are powerful and informative tools, further research is needed to improve its clinical applications
Utility of Yoga as an Alternative Therapy for Occupational Hazards among Physical Therapists
No full textIntroduction: This study was conducted to evaluate the adoption of yoga techniques as an alternative therapy in the management of physical and psychological occupational hazards among physical therapists. Materials and Methods: A validated closed-ended questionnaire was used to assess education and experience level, personal health and occupational hazards/habits, and treatment strategies used for the physical and psychological occupational hazards for participants in their current position. By e-mail, we invited 500 randomly selected physical therapists to participate. Results: We received completed questionnaires from 119 physical therapists. Musculoskeletal pain with stress was the most common occupational hazard reported, followed by only stress, and only musculoskeletal pain. Regarding the pain, the lumbar spine, cervical spine, thoracic spine, shoulder, and knee were the most affected parts of the body. Regarding pain and stress, only a third physical therapists adopted yoga as an alternative treatment for these occupational hazards; physical therapists tended to engage in other forms of exercise, listen to music or utilize massage to treat pain and stress. Lack of time and lack of training were the most common reasons cited by physical therapists for not practicing yoga. Interestingly, 85.7% of physical therapists would recommend yoga as a treatment for their patients. Conclusion: While musculoskeletal pain and stress were extremely common occupational hazards among physical therapists, only about a third of physical therapists adopted yoga as an alternative treatment for these occupational hazards