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Measuring Quality: The Impact of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Operative Time on Surgical Site Infections
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the relationship between operative approach, operative time, and SSI rate.Methods: Inpatient database review identified patients undergoing 5 common procedures from 1/2010-12/2011. Patients were stratified into laparoscopic or open approaches. The main outcome measure was the relationship between operative time and SSI by approach.Results: 226,006 patients were evaluated- 28.2% open and 71.8% laparoscopic. Mean overall operative time was significantly shorter laparoscopically (p<0.001). Laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower costs and shorter length of stay (LOS) overall and for each procedure(p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis found SSI increased directly with operative time: for every 30-minute increase, SSI risk increased by 12%. Operative approach was an independent risk factor for SSI: open surgery increased SSI risk by 78%. A direct relationship between open procedures, operative time, and SSI risk was found.Conclusions: Laparoscopy has overall shorter operative time and improved outcomes in SSI rate, LOS, and total costs for common surgical procedures. As operative time and approach were independent risk factors for SSI, the use of laparoscopy and operative time are valuable quality measures
Bipolaron Mechanism of High-Temperature Superconductivity of Ammonia Systems
Get PDFIn the present paper, we propose an explanation of the ambiguity of the results of experiments on the study of high-temperature superconductivity of ammonia systems. At the heart of the theoretical interpretation of the experiments, we put the bipolaron model. In this study, we have shown mathematically that the barrier of repulsion between polarons can be effectively reduced if the polarons are in the macroscopic dielectric layers, or capillaries. We constructed the theory of polaron states in the macroscopic dielectric layers. We specify the conditions under which the polarons are hold in the layer between dielectrics. It was found that the electrostatic image forces lead to the appearance of additional forces of attraction between polarons. These forces are conditioned by oscillations of polarons around the position of their fixation. Derivations are given of the upper and lower limits on the width of the gap in which the polaron oscillations are not suppressed. In this case take place disappearance Coulomb repulsion of the polarons. A long-range resonant interaction of two oscillators resulting in the appearance of effective attraction between polarons is discussed. This leads to the formation of diamagnetic singlet bipolarons due to quantum exchange interactions and the effects of electronelectron correlations. For glass capillaries (quasi-one-dimensional bipolaron) and for gap between glass plates (quasi-two-dimensional bipolaron) we give quantitative estimates of the gap width and the critical temperature at which there is a barrier-free formation of the bipolaron in ammonia. Numerical estimates are obtained for acase of the bipolaron in ammonia. We got a quantitative evaluation, which indicate that the barrier-free formation of singlet bipolaron in ammonia begins at temperatures below 80K. As the experiment showed the electrical resistance of ammonia systems decreases abruptly by 10-12 orders of magnitude in this temperature range. At the same time, experiments have shown that for the bulk superconductivity superconducting phase is only ~ 0.01%
Effect of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin on production anti-tumor enzyme methionine –?-lyase, by Citrobacter freundii
Get PDFMethionine, a sulfur amino acid, is the first amino acid that is required for many proteins, during synthesis. Our preliminary studies showed that this compound was produced during the late (post-stationary) secondary phase of growth. Therefore, restriction of methionine may be a useful strategy in limiting cancer growth. The bacterial strain used in this study was Citrobacter freundii (NRRL B-2643) and their vgb+ recombinant strain. A 1/100 inoculum of overnight cultures grown in LB was made in 50 ml LB in 150 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Inocula in flasks were grown for 24 h at 30 °C in a 200 rpm water-bath. For MGL production, 250 ?L of this O/N culture was then inoculated into 150 mL conical flask containing 50 mL of sterile mineral salts medium supplemented with 1 % or 0.1 % (w/v) glucose, respectively. This was incubated for 96 h at 30 °C, 200 rpm on an orbital shaker. The highest MGL concentration (2,02) was reached by the recombinant strain of Cf[pUC8:15] 72 h after the start of incubation MM+0,1% glucose source. In comparison, the wild type strain produced 3,14 of MGL concentration 72 h was reached MM+0,1% glucose source. The poor media and secondary phase (72 h and up) was used to for MGL production. This is more appropriate. Plasmid is disadvantages in the secondary stage
Agri-food sector impact of March 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Northeastern Japan
Get PDFDispite intensive multidiciplinary research the overall impact of the March 2011 earthquake, tsunami and Fukushima nuclear accident on Japanese agri-food sector is far from being completely evalusated. That is a concequence of the scale of triple disaster and affected agents, the effects’ multiplicities, spillovers, and long time horizon, the lack of “full” information and models of analysis, on-going challenges with post disaster recovery and reconstruction, etc. This paper presents research findings on multiple impacts of the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami on Japanases agriculture and food sector. First, disaster events and their effects is outlined; next the impacts on agri-food organizations, products, markets and consumers are evaluated; finally, specific and overall short-term and long-term impacts on agriculture, food industries and food consumption in different parts of the country is assessed. The study is based on a wide range of information from diverse organizations as well as original experts assessments of leading experts in the area. Agriculture, food industry and food consumption have been among the worst hit by the disasters areas. There is a great variation of the specific and combined impacts of disasters on different type of farming and business enterprises, particular agents, individual sub-sectors, and specific locations. Disasters have also had positive impacts on the development of certain sectors in the most affected regions and some sectors in other parts of the country as post disaster reconstruction have induced considerable policies and institutional modernization in agri-food and other sectors, food safety information and inspection, technological and product innovation, jobs creation and investment, farmlands consolidation and enhancement, infrastructural amelioration, organizational restructuring, etc. More future studies are necessary to evaluate and update the “known” agricultural and food impacts as further in depth “micro” studies are needed to fully understand the impacts of the disasters in each location and community, type of farms and productions, and component of agri-food chain
Characterization and Weathering of the Building Materials of Sanctuaries in the Archaeological Site of Dion, Greece
Get PDFThe sanctuaries of Demeter and Asklepios are part of the Dion archaeological site that sits among the eastern foothills of Mount Olympus. The main building materials are limestones and conglomerates. Sandstones, marbles, and ceramic plinths were also used. The materials consist mainly of calcite and/or dolomite, whereas the deteriorated surfaces contain also secondary and recrystallized calcite and dolomite, gypsum, various inorganic compounds, fluoroapatite, microorganisms and other organic compounds. Cracks and holes were observed in various parts of the stones. The influence of specific weathering agents and factors to the behavior of the materials was examined. The particular environmental conditions in Dion combine increased moisture and rain fall, insolation and great temperature differences, abundance of intensive surface and underground water bodies in the surrounding area, an area full of plants and trees, therefore, they can cause extensive chemical, biological and mechanical decay of the monuments. The following physical characteristics of the building materials have been studied: bulk density, open porosity, pore size distribution, water absorption and desorption, capillary absorption and desorption. The chemical composition of bulk precipitation, surface and underground water was investigated. The salts presence and crystallization was examined. The influence of the water presence to the behavior of the materials was examined by in situ IR thermometer measurements. Temperature values increased from the lower to the upper parts of the building stones and they significantly depend on the orientation of the walls. The results indicate the existence of water in the bulk of the materials due to capillary penetration. The existence of water in the bulk of the materials due to capillary penetration, the cycles of wet-dry conditions, correlated with the intensive surface and underground water presence in the whole surrounding area, lead to partial dissolution-recrystallization of the carbonate material and loss of the structural cohesion and the surface stability
Bioactivity - Structure. Interrelation of Electronic and Information Factors of Biologically Activity of Chemical Compounds
Get PDFThe biological activity of chemical compounds is analyzed using electronic and information factors. Wefound a linear interrelation between the electronic and information factors of molecules. Moreover, these molecularfactors are calculated from different principles. Electronic factor is determined by the quantum-mechanical methodfrom the molecular pseudopotential, whereas the information factor is determined by using the information function.It is shown that these factors are separated off statistically significant bioactive chemical compounds of inactivechemicals. To determine these factors is sufficient to know only the chemical formula of molecules. We analyzedthe chemical compounds for toxicity, antiradiation activity, carcinogenicity, antifungal activities. To identifybiologically active chemical compounds we used the statistical conjugation method of qualitative attributes
Obstacles to International Student Mobility: the Case of Poland: The Case of Poland
No full textThis paper aims to analyse obstacles to international student mobility in Poland at the level of university education. We provide selected results of our empirical study among non-mobile Polish students. According to our study subjects, the following reasons for the decision not to study abroad were the most important: insufficient financial support, fear of separation from one’s partner or family, lack of motivation, insufficient information about mobility opportunities, fear of losing one’s job, and an obligation to take care of one’s child or parent. We review the literature of the subject concerning outward student mobility barriers
Acuros XB for dose calculations in external beam photon radiotherapy-mini review
Get PDFDose calculations based on Monte Carlo (MC) often require sophisticated treatment planning stations with long processing time, and this could be issue for many cancer centers. Hence, most of the commercial treatment planning system include faster dose calculation engines for the daily clinical routine. Due to advancement in technology and computing power, it is now possible to implement MC based dose calculation algorithms in the clinical environment. This report summarizes the major findings of various researchers who have investigated Acuros XB algorithm, which is the MC based dose calculation algorithm commercially available for dose calculations in radiotherapy
Study the Dynamics of Vibrational Processes of Water-Mineral Metabolism of Plants in Ontogenesis: Mineral Metabolism of Plants in Ontogenesis
No full textWe analyze the experimental data on the dynamics of water and mineral metabolism of tomato plants byusing the methods of spectral analysis. Plants were cultivated under controlled conditions. We have used the variouscompositions of juvenile analogues of thin-layer soil. It is shown that the composition of the soil analoguesignificantly affects the dynamics of water-mineral metabolism of plants and plant productivity. It was found that thedynamics of the water and mineral metabolism of plants has a clear oscillatory structure. We have identified themost intense frequencies of this process. It was found that in order to maximize the productivity of plants it isnecessary that the process of transpiration should contain simultaneously both high-frequency and low-frequencyperiodicities. This creates the most favorable environment for the development and functioning of the plant rootsystem. It was shown that vibrations of water metabolism closely connected with the vibrations of the content ofchemical elements in plants
Evolutionary Dynamics of Intercoupling of the Chemical Elements in Plants and Primary Soil-Forming Processes
Get PDFoai:ojs2.localhost:9090:article/3We present the results of a comprehensive long-term experiment on intensive cultivation of wheat and tomato plants to initially abiogenous mineral substrate. The experiment simulates the primary processes of soil formation. For the first time is established dynamic synergistic and antagonistic interrelations between the chemical elements (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, P, S, Cl, Na, Mn, Zn) in various plant tissues (roots, fruits, grain, stems, leaves) under condition of primary soil formation. We have identified the dynamics of accumulation and differentiation of collective state of the chemical elements in different plant tissues by the methods of information theory