Trends Journal of Sciences Research
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Perioperative Antiviral Treatment Facilitate the Postoperative Recovery for Patients with HBV Related to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to determine whether perioperative antiviral treatment is facilitate for patients with hepatitis B (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and Child-Pugh grade A cirrhosis in perioperative recovery of liver function and HBV activation.
Methods: The study included 115 patients with HBV-related HCC and Child-Pugh grade A cirrhosis who underwent resection. Patients were prospectively assigned to a preoperative antiviral treatment group (n = 51) or postoperative antiviral treatment group (n = 52); twelve patients who had not received antiviral treatment before and after surgery were designated a non-treatment group (n = 12). HBV reactivation during a month after the operation was defined as a HBV DNA value tenfold over preoperative values. Postoperative liver dysfunction was defined as prothrombin activity <50% and serum bilirubin >50 mmol/L on postoperative day 5.
Results: Postoperatively, liver dysfunction was present in 1 of 51 (1.96%) patients who received preoperative antiviral therapy, 1 of 52 (1.92%) who received postoperative therapy, and 3 of 12 (25%) who received no antiviral therapy. HBV reactivation postoperatively occurred at similar rates.
Conclusions: Preoperative and postoperative antiviral treatment of patients with Child-Pugh grade A cirrhosis and high levels of HBV DNA undergoing hepatic resection for HCC are both facilitate in preventing perioperative liver dysfunction and reactivation of HBV. Thus, in this population with high levels of HBV DNA, perioperative antiviral treatment is important
Orientation on Electron-Transfer Nature for Oxidation of Some Water-Soluble Carbohydrates: Kinetics and Mechanism of Hexacholroiridate (IV) Oxidation of Methyl Cellulose in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions
Get PDFThe kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of methyl cellulose (MC) polysaccharide by hexacholroiridate (IV) in aqueous perchlorate solutions at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 mole dm-3 has been investigated, spectrophotometrically. The experimental results showed first-order dependence in [IrCl6]2- and fractional first-order kinetics with respect to the MC concentration. The reaction rate was found to increase with decreasing the [H+]. A kinetic evidence for formation of 1:1 intermediate complex was revealed. The reaction kinetics seems to be of considerable complexity where one chloride ion from hexacholoiridate (IV) oxidant may act as a bridging ligand between the oxidant and the substrate within the formed intermediate complex. However the added chloride ions and oxidation products were found to have negligible effects on the reaction rate, the added acrylonitrile indicated the intervention of free-radical mechanism during the oxidation process. The kinetic parameters have been evaluated and a tentative reaction mechanism consistent with the kinetic results is discussed
Anemia and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with Hiv in Dodoma Region, Central Tanzania
Get PDFBackground: Anemia is the most frequent hematologic abnormality of HIV disease and one of the most common manifestations of nutritional deficiency disorders in the world. In sub-Saharan Africa, about 70% of the world’s people living with HIV/AIDS, where the prevalence of anemia is higher than in developed countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among people living with HIV at Dodoma regional hospital during 2013-2014. Methodology: A retrospective cross-section study conducted among PLWHIV at Dodoma Regional Hospital between 2015 and 2016. A total of 869 PLWHIV were enrolled. Data extraction sheet were used to collect Socio- demographics, immune-hematological data and ARV status from existing patient’s files (CTC 2 card). Double entry of data in Microsoft excel were done and transferred for analyzing using SPSS v.16. Results: Majority of them were females 648(74.6%)and 508(58.2%) were between 19-45years with mean age of 38.84(±14.09). 824(94. 8%) were on ARV; where 640(73.6%) are from urban. The overall prevalence of anaemia among PLHIV was 59.5% of which 56.6% of these were on ARV, and 2.9% were not on ARV. Age, sex and CD4+ counts < 200cell/µl were among factors associated with anemia among PLWHIV. Conclusion: Moderate anaemia was common in the study population. Screening and management of anemia along with the proper use Anti-retroviral therapy may decrease risk of anemia and the effect ARV on red blood cells. Haemoglobin measurements should be taken before initiation of ARV and routinely followed among ARV users
Effect of Colchicine on Th1 and Th17 Cytokines, Cytokine Receptors, and Chemokine Gene Expression Profiles in Behçet's Disease: Gene expression in behçet patients
No full textObjective: Colchicine has been used in recent years as an effective drug for controlling attacks in Behçet’s disease. In the present study, we investigated expression levels of IL1R, IL2R, IL12RB, IL23R, IL17, CXCR3, CXCR10 and IL8 genes in patients with active and inactive Behçet’s disease. We also evaluated how colchicine use in patients with active and inactive disease affected these genes and evaluated their role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease.
Methods: Thirty-five patients who were diagnosed with Behçet’s disease according to the International Working Group criteria (28 with active disease, 7 inactive) and were taking colchicine were enrolled in the study. Twenty healthy subjects were included as a control group. Expression levels of the IL1R, IL2R, IL12RB, IL23R, IL17, CXCR3 ,CXCR10 and IL8, genes were evaluated.
Results: Expression levels of CXCR3 and IL23R were significantly lower in patients with active Behcet's disease when compared with the inactive disease and control groups. However, the differences in CXCR3 and IL23R expression between the inactive Behçet’s patient group and the control group were nonsignificant. Expression levels of the other genes did not differ statistically between the active Behçet’s patients, inactive Behçet’s patients, and control subjects.
Conclusion: While the expression levels of the CXCR3 and IL23R genes in active Behçet’s patients were statistically lower than controls, there was no statistical difference between active and inactive Behçet’s patients or controls in terms of IL1R, IL2R, IL17, IL12RB, CXCR10 and IL8, gene expression levels. This study may form the basis for further studies to determine the molecular mechanism of colchicine in the treatment of Behçet's disease
Epstein - Barr Virus Capsid Antigen (EBV-VCA) IgM Antibodies among HIV Infected Individuals in Jos, Nigeria.
Get PDFHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk for Viral infections such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)infections also known as Human Herpes Virus Type 4 (HHV-4) and their related diseases which frequently cause malignancy related diseases resulting to poor treatment and health outcomes. In this study, we determined the seroprevalence of EBV VCA IgM antibodies among HIV patients attending Plateau Specialist Hospital, Jos, Nigeria and to evaluate their association with age, sex as well as other demographic factors. A total of 92 HIV positive patients were enrolled and serum samples were screened for antibodies using the ELISA kit. The prevalence of EBV VCA IgM was 6/92(6.53%), and mean age of 37.48 ±1.01 years. This study has contributed to baseline data, and suggest the need for larger studies and importance of screening and treatment of EBV among HIV patients
Responses of Hydroponically Grown Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.M) to Zinc (Zn) Stress
Get PDFAbiotic stress especially due heavy metals is one of the major environmental problems that threatens food security and pose greater risks to human health worldwide. In this research, greenhouse hydroponic experiments were carried out to study the morphological and biochemical responses of Sorghum bicolor L.M to different Zinc (Zn) levels. Two-week-old seedlings transplanted in hydroponic solutions were treated with different doses of Zn in the concentration ranges of 5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L supplied as ZnSO4. 5H2O. After 21 day of culture, the plants were harvested, blotted to dryness and separated into roots and shoots. The root and shoot lengths, dry weights and non-enzymatic biochemical parameters such as proline, Chlorophyll a, b, Carotenoids (pigments) were determined. The results indicate that Zn applications significantly (P<0.05) depressed the lengths of root and shoot, dry weights and pigment contents compared to untreated plants (control). The effects were more pronounced with increased Zn dosage. The accumulation of the metal and proline contents in treated plants however, increase gradually with increasing Zn concentrations (P<0.05). The changes in these parameters had resulted in toxicity symptoms and overall growth retardation especially at elevated concentrations and the estimated critical toxicity thresholds in both solution and tissue concentrations suggest that sorghum bicolor L.M should not be grown beyond Zn concentration of above 3.2 mg/L.
 
Thermal Stability of Ultrafine Grained CuCrZr Alloy Produced by Continuous Extrusion
Get PDFThe Cu-0.36Cr-0.15Zr alloy was prepared by solid solution, continuous extrusion and cold deformation. The microstructural evolution, microhardness and the thermal analysis were examined for the alloy after annealing treatment at different temperatures ranging from 300 oC to 700 oC. Experimental results show that the microstructure of the alloy remains stable after annealed below 500 oC due to the pinning effect of dislocations from the nanoscale precipitates. However, recrystallization and grain growth took place after a 600 oC annealing treatment when the precipitates grew up and lose inhibition of movement of dislocations and grain boundaries. Meanwhile, the higher dislocation density and finer grains introduced by continuous extrusion accelerate the recrystallization process compared with that prepared by the traditional rolling process
A Tool for Reporting and Evaluation of Incidents in External Beam Radiation Therapy
Get PDFThe number of cases of cancer has significantly increased in the world and the use of ionizing radiation produced by large clinical linear accelerators plays an important role in the treatment of tumors. Although radiotherapy is considered a safe medical practice, it may bring some risks for the patient and in some extreme cases even her/his death. Over the last decades, the learning with incidents there has been a powerful way to prevent them to turn to happen. In this work a digital tool was developed for recording and evaluation of incidents in external beam radiation therapy. The tool was designed to function in an intranet environment, but it can also be used in the offline mode and is based on a set of sequential forms filled by the user (e.g. medical physicists, medical dosimetrists, radiation oncologists, radiotherapy technicians). The software was firstly applied in a radiation oncology department of a public Institution in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The software has proved to be an important and promising tool to improve the healthcare quality of patients undergoing radiation therapy
Swarming and Swimming Movement of Bacteria in Different Organic Wastes
Get PDFMotility plays an important role in biofilm formation and movement in different environmental conditions, colonization, and adhesion of bacteria to surfaces. The lowest swimming was 3 (mm) in agar medium and the highest value was 42.67 (mm) with the addition of WCW. The lowest swarming was carried out in agar medium with 7.66 (mm), while the highest value was found in N.A medium with the addition of 10% WCW 59.33 (mm). In all experimental conditions, an increase of 2.4 times (swimming) and 6.4 times (swarming) was observed after the addition of WCW to the controls
Chemical and Biological Properties of Sodium Alginates Isolated from Tow Brown Algae Dictyopteris Membranaceae and Padina Pavonica
Get PDFPolysaccharides are known to have interesting biological activities. To date polysaccharides extracted from Tunisian seaweed have not been fully studied. In this paper we tried to isolate sodium alginate from two brown algae and evaluate their biological activities. Two brown seaweeds Dictyopteris membranaceae and Padina pavonica were treated with selective solvents to extract sodium alginate. Analyses were performed to determine their IR spectra, uronic acid’s content and biological properties (antioxidant and gastroprotective activities). Results showed that sodium alginate extracted from D. membranaceae contained 65% of uronic acid while this extracted from P. pavonica contained only 9% of uronic acid. These polysaccharides showed also variation in the structure and the activities. Sodium alginate extracted from D. membranaceae had the highest antioxidant activity with ED50 of 20µg/ml in the DPPH test. Additionally, this polysaccharide had the most important gastroprotective activity with a percent of 97% at dose 50mg/kg. Our finding suggested that sodium alginates extracted from D. membranaceae and P. pavonica could be used as a natural source of antioxidant and gastroprotective agents.