Soka University Repository / 創価大学機関リポジトリ
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Reflecting on Fichte through Kant, and on Kant through Fichte - Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch and Addresses to the German Nation -
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reflection としての学び～「生涯学習支援論Ⅰ」の実践報告～ Learning as reflection～～ the report of practice on lifelong learning support theoryⅠ
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Changes in phosphorus forms and phosphorus fertilizer effect of chemically treated biochars derived from different organic waste
No full textAs phosphorus (P) resources become increasingly depleted, biochar is attracting attention as means to recycle P resources. Biochar is a carbonized organic material at high temperatures under limited oxygen environment and can be used as P fertilizer by using P-rich biological waste as a raw material leading to effective waste management. However, the challenge has been that P in biochar is in forms that are difficult for plants to utilize. In this study, biochars were made from different raw materials such as chicken manure (CM) and sewage sludge (SS), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3: Ca) and potassium acetate (CH3COOK: K) were added in an attempt to change the forms of P in biochar and make it more readily available to plants. Both raw materials were mixed at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% (w/w) CaCO3 and 0% and 5% (w/w) CH3COOK, then pyrolyzed at 400℃ , 600℃ , and 800℃ , followed by measurements of P availability and species in biochars. A bioassay pot experiment was conducted using K-treated SS biochar with or without nitrogen (N) fertilizer to test P fertilizer effect of biochar for a plant (Japanese mustard spinach). Experimental results showed that when CaCO3 was added to raw materials before pyrolysis, P was fixed in biochar in a stable form and expected to be effective as a slow-release fertilizer, particularly at the highest pyrolysis temperature, confirmed by P sequential extraction and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. On the other hand, P sequential extraction and XRD confirmed that when CH3COOK was added, P was transformed from stable forms into forms that were readily available and easily absorbable by plants. From the bioassay experiment, the plant biomass was highest with an application of K-treated SS biochar coupled with N fertilizer, which was not significant with that with chemical fertilizer. However, SS biochar alone, Ca-treated SS biochar, or K-treated SS biochar without N fertilizer showed reduced biomass, which was equivalent with that with no amendments at all (soil only). Nevertheless, P absorbed by the plant was not significantly different among all treatments, indicating all biochars may have provided enough P to plant. It was shown that even Ca- or K-treated biochar alone did not suffice to replace chemical fertilizer unless added with N fertilizer especially for leafy plant such as spinach. In conclusion, the study showed that Ca-treatment of raw materials with 0~5% rate could enhance stable forms of P, but K-treatment with 5% rate could improve available forms of P after high temperature pyrolysis, and that particularly K-treated biochar could be used as an alternative to P fertilizers by modifying the biochar production process.departmental bulletin pape
Cellular characteristics of Chromochloris zofingiensis in different nutritional modes
No full textChromochloris zofingiensis has ability to produce high value pharmaceutical and nutraceutical pigments in autotrophic, mixotrophic or heterotrophic nutritional mode which makes it a promising microalgal species. In this study, we observed the effect of dilution on growth and biomass concentration in three different nutritional modes. When the cells in auto-, mixo- and hetero-trophic nutritional modes, in this study, reached the highest optical density (OD), they were diluted to ensure they remained in linear range of optical density detection and to understand the morphological differences between each nutritional mode. As a result, the cell behavior changed in each nutritional mode due to difference in conditions. The heterotrophic cells reached the highest biomass concentration (1.11 g L-1) due to largest cell size and possible accumulation of intracellular compounds in the dark phase. On the other hand, cells in mixotrophic and autotrophic nutritional mode reached biomass concentration, 0.88 and 0.40 g L-1, respectively. Our study showed a correlation between growth and dry weight, where cells in each nutritional mode showed almost similar growth with different biomass concentration. We observed an accurate comparison between biomass between conditions where cell shapes might have influenced OD independently of biomass. Thus, it can be said that the differences in nutritional modes affected the cell physiological characteristics of C. zofingiensis.departmental bulletin pape
A Study on Heisui Kishō, a Chinese Poetry Anthology from Kansei 8 (1796)
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