Soka University Repository / 創価大学機関リポジトリ
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The psychological effects when university students listen to their friends’ worries.
Get PDF本研究では、本学学生が友人の悩みを聞く場面での精神的な影響を明らかにする事を目的とし、質問紙調査ならびに面接調査を行った。その結果、本学学生の特徴として友人の悩みを聞く場面では、共感的態度が高く感情的にも影響をされやすいと感じる傾向がある事が分かった。筆者は、本学学生は他者の役に立ちたいという思いを強く持つ為、他者から感情的に影響されやすいのではないかと考えた。この感情的な影響のされやすさは、本学学生にとって肯定的な意味を持つ事が示されたが、この思いが強すぎると相手との境界が揺らぐ危険性もある。その為、友人の悩みを聞く場面では境界を保てず、自身の心身の健康を損なう程相手をサポートすることに没頭してしまう学生もいた。以上を踏まえ、本学学生に向けたよりよい悩みの聞き方に関する心理教育の一助となるように「自己一致しながら聞くこと」、「対人援助要請力を身に付けること」という2 つの視点を提唱した。departmental bulletin pape
Interests protected by Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress
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An Inquiry of Anthropology (8): On the Definition of Human (2) Homo Loquens
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小学校の学校運営で求められるミドルリーダーの資質能力とその向上の要因について ─M-GTAを援用した副校長へのインタビューデータを基に─
Get PDF本稿は、今日の学校経営における大きな課題として認識される「ミドルリーダー育成」に関わって、ミドルリーダーに求められる資質能力と能力向上の要因を明らかにするため、ミドルリーダーを経た公立小学校の副校長へのインタビュー調査を行った。その分析を通じて、資質能力として、「管理職と教職員の意識のギャップや交錯を解消し、調和を図る力」、「個々の教職員のよさや可能性を把握し、伸ばす力」、「全体観に立って現状を分析し、課題を明確にする力」、「早期に情報収集し、情報共有する力」、「学校経営目標の実現に向けた役割を果たす力」、「教職員に寄り添い、同僚性を構築する力」の6 点が抽出された。また、その資質形成に影響する要因として、9 つの概念が生成され、大きく2 つのカテゴリーにまとめられ、経験的な要因に「同僚が抱える課題の克服に取り組んだ経験」、「教職員間に横たわる葛藤の解決に取り組んだ経験」が、環境的な要因に「同僚との建設的な関係性の構築」、「地域に開かれた人間関係づくり」、「学校外の学びの場での触発」があることが明らかになった。departmental bulletin pape
Exploring How Soka University Students Define Global Citizenship
Get PDFThe promotion of so-called “global citizenship” has become an integral part of higher education. However, at the same time, how each institution defines and implements the notion within their institution has largely varied. According to UNESCO (2014), there are broadly two conceptions as to the purpose of global citizenship education, which they refer to as (1) global competition, and (2) global solidarity. Those who promote global competition focus more on equipping students with the skills necessary to be marketable and successful within the global community, while those who promote global solidarity focus more on fostering students to gain a global consciousness to contribute to the wider world. Although both conceptions connect students to the global, the ways in which students perceive the role of a global citizen could differ—i.e., one which focuses more on the self and the other focusing more on others, respectively. The paper examines how undergraduate students at Soka University, Japan, perceive global citizenship in relation to these two conceptions of global citizenship. Students (N=74) responded to an online survey between September and November 2021. The results from the survey show that the majority of student respondents align more with the global solidarity conception of global citizenship, especially highlighting the importance of cultivating human relationships. Possible accounts for students’ preferences of the global solidarity conception of global citizenship are explored.departmental bulletin pape
Faculty Readiness for Online Teaching in Japanese Higher Education: Application of Learning Theories
Get PDFThe significance of exploring ways to enhance faculty readiness for online teaching has considerably increased as students are adapting to online learning during the pandemic and realizing its benefits. To gain meaningful insights from multiple perspectives, it is crucial to use major learning theories as critical lenses. This study investigates effective practices to enhance faculty readiness for online teaching in Japanese higher education from the perspectives of empiricism, constructivism, and situated/sociocultural learning theories. Relevant literature indicates that Japanese university faculty should recognize that each theory can be flexibly applied in teaching based on learners’ needs, and they should receive sufficient training and support to fully utilize available instructional technologies. The findings of the study have implications for Japanese universities that aim to improve online learning through enhancing faculty readiness. The COVID-19 pandemic forced educational institutions worldwide to shift to online teaching modules. Japan also imposed emergency remote teaching at both the school and university level. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (2020, MEXT) in Japan reported that the percentage of Japanese universities conducting hybrid and full online teaching by July 2020 were 60.1% and 23.8% respectively. Since the transition to remote instruction began abruptly as an emergency
measure due to the rapid spread of infection, college instructors had to manage it by teaching classes mostly relying on web conferencing systems, such as Zoom, without the thorough examination of effective online teaching methods (Matsuda et al., 2021). Prioritizing the technicalities of implementing remote teaching, universities overlooked faculty readiness for online teaching and failed to provide them with sufficient professional development opportunities and adequate teaching support systems (Colpitts et al., 2021). As students become accustomed to online learning through the pandemic discovering its advantages, the significance of investigating how to improve faculty readiness for online teaching has considerably increased. To draw meaningful implications through careful analysis from multiple angles, major learning theories should be utilized as critical lenses. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to survey effective practices to promote faculty readiness for online teaching in Japanese higher education from the perspectives of empiricism, constructivism, and situated/sociocultural learning theories.departmental bulletin pape
Energy-saving treatment of nitrogen in anaerobic digestate from methane fermentation by a consortium of microalgae and nitrifying bacteri
Get PDFBiological nitrification-denitrification processes are widely used to remove ammonium (NH4+) from wastewater. The nitrification process requires mechanical aeration using a diffuser, which consumes an enormous amount of electricity, making it hardly a sustainable treatment method, and there is a need to develop a more energy-efficient treatment technology. Recently, a consortium of microalgae and nitrifying bacteria in a single reactor has attracted attention as an energy-saving treatment method for NH4+-containing wastewater. In this consortium, nitrifying bacteria can proceed with nitrification reaction using oxygen (O2) produced by photosynthesis of microalgae instead of mechanical aeration, and power consumption can be significantly reduced compared to the conventional nitrification process. Previous studies on the treatment of NH4+-containing wastewater by the consortium have mainly involved experiments using synthetic wastewaters, and there are few reports on anaerobic digestate from methane fermentation, which are generally known to have high NH4+ concentrations, especially those conducted without dilution. In this study, batch treatments of anaerobic digestate at different dilution ratios of 1-fold (without dilution), 2.5-fold, and 5-fold were conducted to evaluate the usefulness of a consortium of microalgae and nitrifying bacteria for nitrogen removal from the digestate. Under all dilution conditions, dissolved oxygen concentrations suitable for nitrification reactions (>2.0 mg L-1) were maintained throughout the experimental period due to O2 supply by microalgae photosynthesis, except for a part of the dark period (i.e., from 10 pm to 2 am). On the other hand, the increase in pH due to photosynthesis resulted in a high pH environment (10.2 ± 0.3) unsuitable for nitrification, especially under the 5-fold dilution condition, and less NO3-was produced. In the 1-fold and 2.5-fold dilution conditions, nitrification proceeded from day 20 of the experiment, with NH4+ to NO3- conversion efficiencies of 70.4% and 56%, respectively. The NH4+ removal efficiencies under 1-fold, 2.5-fold, and 5-fold dilution conditions were 65.9%, 71.9%, and 52.4%, respectively. The results of reported studies on anaerobic digestate treatment using a consortium of microalgae and nitrifying bacteria, including this study, were summarized, and the relationship between the ratio of NH4+ concentration to inoculum SS concentration (Food/microorganism ratio: F/M ratio) and NH4+ removal efficiency was investigated. The summarized result from different studies indicated that treatment performance can be reduced not only at high F/M ratios (0.5 to 1.0 mg-N mg-SS-1 or higher) but also at low F/M ratios (0.07 mg-N mg-SS-1, the 5-fold dilution condition in this study). The inhibition of the consortium at high and low F/M ratios could both be improved by controlling pH to near neutral. pH control can be done without the addition of chemicals by adjusting light intensity or the addition ratio of inoculums to mitigate the action of microalgae. However, excessive suppression leads to a decrease in O2 supply, so it is essential to set appropriate conditions. There are few examples of studies that aim to stabilize and improve the performance of treatment by intentionally controlling the functions of microalgae and nitrifying bacteria by adjusting light intensity and the addition ratio of inoculums. These studies are the subject of future work.departmental bulletin pape