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Citacions i referències bibliogràfiques en estil CHICAGO 18a edició Notes-Bibliografia
No full textCompilat i adaptat per: Raquel Giró Canet. Coordinació: Isabel Planas Campistol i Disseny portada: BIBEC - Edicions UdGGuia per citar correctament les fonts utilitzades i/o consultades en un treball, la tesi, etc. seguint l'estil de citació CHICAGO. Per a l'elaboració d'aquesta guia s'ha seguit la 18a edició del “Chicago Manual of Style”
Computational Exploration of Xe Dimers Inside Fullerene Cages
No full textA systematic analysis for the determination of the optimum fullerene cage for encapsulation of xenon dimers was carried out using density functional theory and activation strain analysis. Our calculations indicate that tubular-like fullerenes are better candidates for the encapsulation of xenon atoms. However, the tubular-like structure should have at least a diameter that is proportional to the van der Waals radius of encapsulated atoms. Our calculations indicate that the smallest fullerene that can stabilize the encapsulation of the xenon dimers in an energetically favorable dimeric state is Xe2@C120 ([10,0] C120-D5h(10766)). When going to higher order fullerenes, the dispersion interaction will dominate over all other interactions. However, the additional space provided by the tubular-like fullerene leads to elongation of the distance between the encapsulated xenon atoms, thus hampering the formation of a xenon–xenon chemical bondWe thank the EU (ERC-2022-CoG-101088032, ERC-2022-POC-101112805, and ERC-2023-POC-101158166 to S.O.), AEI/MCIU (PID2020-114548GB-I00 and PID2023-152415NB-I00 to M.S. and PID2021-129034NB-100 to S.O.), GenCat (grant 2021SGR00487 to S.O.), Univ. Girona (IFUdG 68 2022 fellowship to A.S.B.), and a developer’s license to M.S. by SCM for the financial supportOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with American Chemical Society (ACS
Mechanism of Gold-Catalyzed Arylation-Lactonization: A Density Functional Theory Study on the Role of the (MIC^N)AuCl Complex in Au(I)/Au(III) Catalysis
No full textGold-catalyzed redox transformations via Au(I)/Au(III) cycles offer efficient oxidative addition and reductive elimination under mild, oxidant-free conditions. Recent studies highlight the role of hemilabile mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligands in stabilizing key intermediates. Using DFT, we investigated the mechanism of the arylation-lactonization of γ-alkenoic acids, revealing two viable pathways, cis and trans, each with distinct rate-determining steps. While the trans pathway avoids decomposition of the catalyst, its lactonization step is hindered by a high barrier. In contrast, the cis pathway features competing productive and decomposition routes. By correlating computed activation barriers with experimental yields, we built statistically significant multivariable models (R2 = 0.919), enabling the prediction of product yields across various substituted aryl iodides. These models revealed clear electronic and steric trends. Additionally, ligand modifications suggest that trans-selective oxidative addition can be improved through steric tuning with the trans effect also influencing selectivity. Overall, this study provides valuable design principles for future gold-catalyzed redox processesWe are grateful for financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2021-127423NB-I00, PID2022-136970NB-I00, TED2021-130573B-100, and PID2023-146849NB I00/MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE projects) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (2021-SGR-623 and 2021 SGR 00475). We thank the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades for the predoctoral fellowship FPU20/00707 to R.M.-C. A.P.-Q. and A.P. are Serra Húnter Fellows, and X.R. thanks ICREA Academia Prize 202
Multimodal learning has an impact on conservation knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions towards spider monkeys in Mayan Children from Punta Lagura, Yucatán
No full textConservation education activities employing multimodal knowledge transmission, including art‐based workshops, are a multidisciplinary tool that can be used to raise awareness of the natural environment in which we live. In this study, we implemented a conservation education workshop that combined different forms of knowledge transmission, to promote pro‐environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions towards spider monkeys and their ecosystem, among 5‐ to 16‐year‐old students in a rural school in a Mayan community in Mexico (N = 27). The aim of the study was to (i) develop and implement a workshop tailored to the cultural context of Maya children in México, incorporating artistic activities and multimodal learning approaches, and (ii) evaluate its effectiveness by monitoring changes in participants' knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions towards spider monkeys and their ecosystem. Our findings indicate overall increases in conservation‐oriented knowledge and behavioral intentions following the workshop, with more pronounced gains in knowledge among girls and in behavioral intentions among older children. Attitudes toward spider monkeys were already high before the intervention and showed a small but statistically significant increase afterward. Children's drawings reflected increased references to morphological and ecological traits, although aspects related to social behavior and human‐monkey interactions were less represented. These outcomes suggest that short‐term, culturally embedded and multimodal educational interventions may promote conservation learning in rural communities, though some effects may be constrained by ceiling effects and topic complexity. Future research should explore the durability of these changes over time, the specific drivers of pre‐existing pro‐environmental attitudes, and the impact of prior familiarity and cultural context on learning outcomesOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Wile
La introducció de la raó d'estat a la monarquia hispànica: l'obra de Jaume Rebullosa, O.P.
No full textThis work offers a study of the Dominican friar Jaume Rebullosa (ca. 1560–1621), his work and his alignment with the tridentine program of catholic reason of state as theorized by Giovanni Botero. Through an analysis of Rebullosa’s writings, the study proposes an interpretation of his role in the process of confessionalization, carried out primarily through preaching over more than two decades throughout Catalonia. The central hypothesis is that Rebullosa played a key role in disseminating catholic reason of state within the Hispanic monarchy. Notably, he was among the first to translate Botero’s Relazioni Universali and the first to render into spanish the final five treatises on reason of state. Beyond his translations, the study explores his practical engagement with this political doctrine through preaching and the promotion of a new culture of obedience —an endeavor considered urgent by both ecclesiastical and secular authorities in the context of the Wars of Religion.
To support this argument, this work expands Rebullosa’s biography with a particular focus on his social networks, using the concept of epistemic setting as a methodological framework. This approach sheds light not only on his intellectual commitments but also on the ideological motivations underpinning his work. The second part of the study presents a comparative analysis between Botero’s original texts and Rebullosa’s translations, with close attention to recent historiographical interpretations of the Relazioni Universali. Finally, the work examines the sermons published by Rebullosa between 1614 and 1621, analyzing the theological and political significance of concepts such as “will,” “obedience,” and “predestination.” This analysis aims to uncover the discursive mechanisms through which Rebullosa—and by extension, other clerics— sought to instill a form of political and religious obedience grounded in faith. The study ultimately demonstrates the relation between the theory of Catholic reason of state and its practical application by preachers who maintained direct and sustained contact with local communities across CataloniaAquest treball és un estudi al voltant de la figura del frare dominic Jaume Rebullosa (ca. 1560 1621), de la seva obra i, sobretot, de la seva afinitat amb el programa tridentí de la raó d’estat catòlica teoritzada pel piemontès Giovanni Botero. Es parteix de l’anàlisi de les obres del frare per tal d’oferir una interpretació de la tasca confessionalitzadora que desenvolupà mitjançant la predicació durant més de dues dècades arreu del territori català. La hipòtesi de partida és que Rebullosa fou un dels principals difusors de la raó d’estat catòlica a la monarquia hispànica, considerant que fou un dels primers traductors de les Relazioni Universali i el primer en traduir els cinc darrers tractats de la raó d’estat de Giovanni Botero. A banda d’aquest fet, es considera la seva participació en la posada en pràctica de l’esmentada doctrina política a través de la predicació i la difusió d’una nova cultura de l’obediència que, en el context de les guerres de religió, tant eclesiàstics com governs seculars consideraren urgent.
Per fer-ho, s’ofereix una ampliació de la biografia del dominic posant especial èmfasi en la seva xarxa social i prenent el concepte de setting epistèmic com a eix vertebrador d’aquesta primera part, que ha de donar raó de les motivacions i interessos intel·lectuals, però també ideològics, del dominic. En segon lloc s’elabora una comparació entre les obres originals de Giovanni Botero i les traduccions castellanes elaborades per Jaume Rebullosa, prestant especial atenció a les interpretacions historiogràfiques més actuals de les Relazioni Universali del piemontès, atès que ofereixen una sèrie de claus que permeten entendre i explicar millor les traduccions. En darrer lloc, s’analitzen els sermons publicats pel dominic entre els anys 1614 i 1621 juntament amb els conceptes de “voluntat”, “obediència” i “predestinació” amb l’objectiu de desxifrar els codis discursius que el dominic i, amb ell, altres membres de l’Església utilitzaren per conduir la població a una obediència política i religiosa pura i sense fissures que només podia provenir de la fe. Amb això, es mostra l’estret lligam entre la teoria de la raó d’estat catòlica i la seva pràctica, en aquest cas dels religiosos que predicaven arreu del territori català i que tenien contacte directe i estret amb la poblacióPrograma de Doctorat en Ciències Humanes, del Patrimoni i de la Cultur
Microbial colonization and function of biofilms developing on plastics and bioplastics in a pristine mountain stream ecosystem
No full textStreams naturally receive allochthonous particulate organic materials, but human activity may contribute additional plastic litter inputs, which can affect ecosystem functioning. Our objective was to assess the effect of plastic and bioplastic inputs on microbial biomass and function in a pristine mountain stream. To do that, fragments of plastics (polyethylene—PE, polypropylene—PP), bioplastics (polyhydroxyalkanoate—PHA, polylactic acid—PLA), and wood (as a natural material) were immersed in the stream and collected after 120, 202, 316, and 383 d. Fungal, prokaryotic, and algal biomass, and autotrophic and heterotrophic functions (net primary production, extracellular enzyme activities, and nutrient uptake) were analyzed together with organic matter weight changes over time. Wood showed high fungal and prokaryotic biomass, phosphatase and β-glucosidase activities, and a significant weight loss, as related to the degradation process. In contrast, plastics and bioplastics did not lose weight and were mainly colonized by algae, suggesting that they serve as an inert surface and over-enhance primary production. However, phenol oxidase (ligninolytic enzyme) activity in plastics and bioplastics was similar to that in wood and increased with time together with heterotrophic biomass. This indicates that plastispheres can contribute to the degradation of plastics and bioplastics, which may become a carbon source in the long term. Overall, the observed dynamics of microbial biomass and metabolism in the plastispheres point to their potential effect on stream nutrient and carbon cycles. The study highlights the need for careful human activities in pristine mountain watersheds to avoid altering their ecosystem functioningResearch funding: Interreg Poctefa Plastic0pyr. Grant Number: EFA340/19; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Grant Number: PID2022-143112NB-100; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities. Grant Number: FPU22/03527 and AGAUR-ICREA Academia.
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Wile
Method of obtaining dual-phase-lag times in aggregate porous materials with a nonhomogeneous inner structure
No full textWhen working with porous non-Fourier heat conduction materials under the dual-phase-lag model, it becomes necessary to find out the values of the relaxation (Tq) and thermalization (TT) times. In this article, we propose an experimental method to obtain these lagging times for aggregated carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The method, which can be used for any other material, consists of applying a transient heat pulse at one side of the specimen while registering the temperature–time curves at multiple points along it. The remaining faces of the specimen are thermally isolated. Then, an analytical model incorporating these boundary conditions is executed iteratively, varying the lagging times, to minimize the difference between the experimental and theoretical curves. Finally, the best fitting curve gives the best combination of and values. We also present the evolution of the lagging values along the specimen’s thickness in a CNT aggregateThe project has been co-funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation through the call of proposals for “Projects oriented towards ecological transition and digital transition” (TED2021-130536A-I00).
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Natur
Fusteria de l'obra viva en l'arquitectura nàutica d'època antiga a partir de derelictes del Mediterrani occidental (Massalia a Gadir) entre el segle III aC i el segle II dC
No full textAquest treball es dedica a l'arquitectura nàutica d'època antiga, concretament
l'evidenciada entre el segle III aC i el segle II dC. Aquest testimoni va ser objecte d'estudi de les investigacions dutes a terme al llarg del segle XX, amb l'inici del submarinisme recreatiu, i els primers anys del segle XXI, amb l'arqueologia subaquàtica confirmada com a principal disciplina per dur a terme la investigació d'aquest tipus de fonts materials.
Des de Massalia a Gadir es tracten aquells derelictes que poden testimoniar la presència de fusta de l'obra viva, la qual és la construcció per sota de la línia de flotació de l'embarcació, per tal de reflexionar aspectes entorn l'arquitectura del moment així com el canvi social i acadèmic entorn l'estudi i protecció d'aquest patrimoni. Tanmateix, es fa un inventari de dimensions dels elements més presents, això, a fi de recollir-los de manera exhaustiva per tal de facilitar estudis comparatius que puguin evidenciar tradicions i particularitats en la construcció nàutica dels segles citats.This work is focused on ship building in ancient times, specifically those shipwrecks that can provide evidence of human construction abilities between the 3rd century BC and the 2nd century AD. They were the object of study of the research carried out throughout the 20th century, from the beginning of scuba diving, and into the first years of the 21st century, with underwater archaeology confirmed as the main discipline
as to carry out this research. In this paper, we will talk about the shipwrecks from
Massalia to Gadir that can testify to the presence of wood from the hull of the boat, those remains below the waterline, due to define aspects of ship building. At the end of each chapter, divided by centuries, a list of recurrent elements and its measurements is provided in order to offer comparative studies that could testify different lines of traditions and particularities in ship building.
Evaluation of the quantitative performance of different spectroscopic techniques for multielemental analysis of nail and hair samples: A comparative study
No full textBackground: The accurate detection and quantification of elemental content in skin appendages, such as, hair and nails are pivotal in biomedical research, including disease diagnostics, environmental exposure monitoring, and forensic investigations. Methods: This study evaluates and compares the suitability of different sample treatments and four spectroscopic techniques—Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for multielemental analysis of these biological tissues. Making use of different Certified Reference Materials (CRMs), the performance of the developed methods was assessed based on their sensitivity, precision, range of detectable elements, and the extent of sample preparation required. Results: EDXRF method is suited for rapid and non-destructive determination of light elements present at relatively high concentrations – Sulfur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Potassium (K) and Calcium (Ca) – in hair and nail samples. TXRF provides information of most of the elements present in the target samples, including Bromine (Br), but the determination of light element (i.e, Phosphorus (P), S, Cl) is not feasible. Finally, the proposed ICP-OES/ICP-MS method is useful for the determination of major, minor and trace elements, except chlorine. Conclusion: This comparative study reveals the distinct strengths, range of elements and suitable applications of each technique, providing a valuable framework for selecting appropriate methods based on specific analytical needsThis work has been partially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the LIBPhys funding UID/FIS/04559/2020. S. Pessanha acknowledges FCT for the contract CEECIND/00278/2018/CP1564/CT0007, https://doi.org/10.54499/CEECIND/00278/2018/CP1564/CT0007.
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevie
La descoberta del patrimoni cultural mitjançant codis QR en infants de 3 a 6 anys
No full textAquest estudi investiga el potencial de l’ús dels codis QR per apropar el patrimoni cultural als infants de 3 a 6 anys. L’educació d’avui es troba en continu progrés amb la incorporació d’eines digitals, les quals faciliten noves formes d’aprendre i ensenyar. D’aquesta manera, la tecnologia esdevé un mitjà educatiu important que amplia i complementa les oportunitats d'aprenentatge per treballar el patrimoni cultural. A partir d’una enquesta qualitativa, 18 professionals d’educació infantil de centres escolars gironins i andalusos han manifestat positivament la inserció dels codis QR amb accés a continguts multimèdia, com vídeos, gravacions de veu, contes digitals, models 3D, imatges, etc., per descobrir el patrimoni cultural local.This study investigates the potential of using QR codes to bring cultural heritage closer to children aged 3 to 6. Today’s education is in continuous progress with the incorporation of digital tools, which facilitate new ways of learning and teaching. In this way, technology is becoming an important educational tool that broadens and complements learning opportunities for working with cultural heritage. Based on a qualitative survey, 18 professionals from early childhood education in schools in Girona and Andalusia have expressed positively the insertion of QR codes with access to multimedia content, such as videos, voice recordings, digital stories, 3D models, images, etc., to discover the local cultural heritage