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Assessing excess mortality and heat-attributable risk during the summer of 2022 in Catalonia, Spain: a Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis
No full textIn 2022, excess mortality in Spain was the third highest on record, surpassed only by 2020 and 2015. However, of that excess only 23% has been directly attributed to extreme heat. The problem with this figure is that the estimate is based on models that could present biases and limitations. We proposed to estimate the excess mortality attributable to extreme temperatures in Catalonia during the summer of 2022, and assessing how the risk of death from these extreme heat temperatures may be modified by other factors, particularly socioeconomic variables. We employed a longitudinal ecological design covering the period from 2015 to 2022, using data at the health area level. We used generalized linear mixed models for all ages and for those aged 65 and older. These models corrected for biases by using small-scale geographic units and explicitly took spatial variability into account. According to our results, during the summer months of 2022, 49.41% of excess mortality was attributable to extreme heat. Not only did heatwaves increase the risk of death, but so too did maximum temperature extremes. Effect modifiers found to increase the risk of dying on days with extreme heat were namely: being 65 years or older, high relative humidity, extreme minimum temperature, and low income. Our results suggest the following methodological considerations: (i) minimize the effects of exposure misclassification by using smaller geographic units than those typically used in other studies; (ii) explicitly take spatial variability into account by using, for example, a hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal models; and (iii) control for spatial and temporal dependènciesThis work was partially financed by AGAUR, the Department of Climate Action, Food and Rural Agenda and by the Department of Research and Universities, both from the Government of Catalonia (Generalitat de Catalunya) (grants number 2023 CLIMA 00037 and 2021 SGR 01197).
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Natur
És possible millorar la implementació del projecte FAIG?: Punts forts i punts febles de la integració del projecte dins l’aula
No full textAquest treball analitza, a partir de l’experiència de centres educatius de Girona i rodalies, les possibilitats de millora en la implementació del projecte FAIG. Mitjançant un qüestionari al professorat, complementat amb entrevistes i un focus group, s’identifiquen punts forts com la motivació de l’alumnat i la connexió amb l’entorn, així com dificultats relacionades amb la manca de temps i coordinació. Els resultats es contrasten amb estudis teòrics per extreure conclusions i propostes de millora aplicables a altres contextos educatius.This study analyses, based on the experience of schools in Girona and surrounding areas, the improvement opportunities in the implementation of the FAIG project. Through a questionnaire to teachers, complemented by interviews and a focus group, it identifies strengths such as student motivation and connection with the environment, as well as challenges related to lack of time and coordination. The results are contrasted with theoretical studies to extract conclusions and improvement proposals applicable to other educational contexts
La gestió emocional a l’hora de fer front als conflictes: estudi de cas del segon cicle d’educació infantil per millorar l’autoregulació emocional
No full textAquest treball és un estudi de cas sobre l’evolució de la conducta d’un infant de cinc anys, en la gestió dels conflictes. Mitjançant una investigació qualitativa s’han registrat diferents aspectes referents a la gestió emocional abans, durant i després de la implementació d’una Situació d’Aprenentatge sobre les emocions i l’autoregulació a l’hora de fer front als conflictes. Els resultats mostren una millora en l’autonomia i una disminució del nombre de conflictes, així com de l’agressivitat en la resposta física de l’infant envers les situacions conflictives.This paper presents a case study on the evolution of a five-year-old child's behavior during conflict situations. Through qualitative research, different aspects related to emotional management were recorded before, during, and after the implementation of a learning situation focused on emotions and self-regulation when facing conflict situations. The results show an improvement in autonomy and a decrease in the number of conflicts, as well as a reduction in the child's physical aggressiveness in response to conflict situations
Aprenentatge dels cossos geomètrics a infantil: el paper dels materials informals, intermedis i formals
No full textAquest TFG té com a objectiu analitzar com els diferents tipus de materials (informals, intermedis i formals) influeixen en l’aprenentatge dels cossos geomètrics a I5. S’ha realitzat una recerca qualitativa amb un enfocament d’investigació-acció, en la qual s’ha dissenyat i implementat una situació d’aprenentatge. A partir de l’observació d’aquesta, s’ha analitzat l’ús que fan els alumnes d’aquest material mitjançant una conversa guiada, diverses graelles d’observacions i una entrevista. Així mateix, els resultats indiquen que la preferència dels alumnes pels materials varia segons el seu nivell de raonament geomètric.This study aims to analyse how different types of materials (informal, intermediate, and formal) influence the learning of geometric solids in five-year-old children. A qualitative methodology with an action-research approach was used to collect data, employing tools such as guide conversations, observation grids and interviews. These instruments were used to analyse how students engaged with each type of material. The results indicate that students’ preferences for materials vary depending on their level of geometric reasoning
Low-load Θ-metallacarboranes as safe and efficient photoredox catalysts for UVA-driven oxidation in water
No full textTransition-metal (TM) ions 4d6 or 5d6 configurations, typically used in photoredox catalysis, are often rare and expensive. In contrast, abundant first-row TM ions tend to favour metal-centered excited states, limiting their practical photocatalytic use. Here, we present two efficient 3d6 and 3d5 photoredox catalysts, [3,3'-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2]- and [3,3'-Fe(1,2-C2B9H11)2]-, with identical structures and charges (-1). Despite different electronic configurations, both catalysts deliver comparable performances in alcohol and alkene oxidation in water, even at low catalyst loadings (0.01 mol%). The catalysts are designed to operate in water without additional cosolvents thanks to the surfactant properties of both θ-metallacarboranes. The impact of irradiating wavelength, explored through quantum chemistry, rationalizes their photocatalytic outcomes. Remarkably, 3d5 or 3d6 systems can match or outperform heavier TM analogues when supported by boron-based ligands, though selectivity differences highlight the role of metal electronic structure. UVA irradiation significantly boosts [o-COSAN]⁻ activity, offering new design insights for earth-abundant photoredox catalystsThis research has been financed by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (PID2022-136892NB-I00) and Generalitat de Catalunya (2021SGR444 and EXP_SIA002_40_0002222). ‘‘Severo Ochoa’’ Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D 234 (SEV-2015-0496) is appreciated. A.M.A.A. is grateful to Generalitat Valenciana (GV) and the European Social Fund for the predoctoral contract CIACIF/2021/391. A.F.-M. and D.R.-S. thank the support from the MICIU/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ‘‘ERDF A way of making Europe’’ through projects PID2021-127554NA-I00 and CNS2024-154908 (A.F.-M.) and PID2021-127199NB-I00 (D.R.-S.), as well as from the GV through the project CIAICO/2022/121 (D.R.-S.
Standards sem Norma: um estudo a partir dos procedimentos comuns no direito processual penal brasileiro
No full textLa ausencia de normas explícitas sobre estándares de prueba en el proceso penal brasileño constituye una laguna axiológica que compromete la racionalidad de las decisiones sobre los hechos. A partir de la teoría analítica de Alchourrón y Bulygin, se identifica que la solución formal prevista —la mera exigencia del libre convencimiento para fundamentar las decisiones— resulta insuficiente al desconsiderar propiedades relevantes derivadas de principios estructurantes del Estado de Derecho. Con base en la teoría de los estándares de prueba de Ferrer-Beltrán y en criterios metodológicos depurados tanto para su formulación como para su racionalidad estructural, se extraen parámetros para una inferencia normativa del sistema procesal penal. Se parte de los procedimientos comunes ordinarios, de la progresividad de los ritos y de las capacidades probatorias latentes, con el fin de integrar controles racionalmente exigibles en cada contexto y momento decisorioThe absence of explicit rules regarding standards of proof in Brazilian criminal procedure constitutes an axiological gap that undermines the rationality of fact-based decisions. Based on the analytical theory of Alchourrón and Bulygin, it becomes evident that the formally insufficient solution—namely, the mere requirement of free conviction to justify judicial decisions—fails to consider relevant properties derived from foundational principles of the Rule of Law. Drawing on Ferrer-Beltrán’s theory of standards of proof, along with the refined methodological criteria for their formulation and the rationality criteria underpinning their structure, parameters are established for a normative inference within the criminal procedural system. The analysis starts from the ordinary criminal procedures, the progression of procedural paths, and their latent probative capacities, aiming to integrate rationally required controls at each context and decision-making stage1
Poderes probatorios del juez laboral en Chile: una nueva perspectiva
No full textEl presente TFM examina el alcance, los límites y la normativa vigente relativa a los poderes probatorios del juez laboral en Chile, con un enfoque en el problema epistémico de las lagunas e insuficiencia probatoria, analizando el ejercicio de dichas facultades como mecanismo de tratamiento y solución para abordar esta problemática. A partir de ello, el objetivo es proponer una nueva visión de estos poderes, superando la perspectiva tradicional que los asocia a la pérdida de imparcialidad y a modelos de proceso inquisitivo, comprendiéndolos más bien como una herramienta complementaria para la toma de decisiones racionales, justas y orientadas a la verdad. Entre otras cosas, se revisa específicamente la facultad de los jueces de indicar lagunas probatorias a las partes como forma de mejorar la calidad epistémica de los procesos, abordando su necesidad y las dificultades teóricas y prácticas que podría conllevar. En dicho contexto, se propone una reforma al Código del Trabajo que permita al juez desplegar dicho poder probatorio, estableciendo criterios, límites y asegurando la eficacia de las garantías y principios del proceso laboral, en favor de una actividad probatoria colaborativa entre juez y partes. El análisis concluye que, aplicados correctamente, estos poderes pueden contribuir a un proceso más justo y eficiente, aunque se resalta la necesidad de estudios empíricos y jurisprudenciales que profundicen en la temáticaThis TFM examines the scope, limits, and current legal framework governing the evidentiary powers of labor judges in Chile, with a focus on the epistemic problem of evidentiary gaps and insufficiency. It analyzes the exercise of such powers as a mechanism to address and resolve this issue. The objective is to propose a new understanding of these powers, moving beyond the traditional view that links them to a loss of impartiality and inquisitorial procedural models, and instead conceiving them as complementary tools for making rational, fair, and truth-oriented decisions. Among other aspects, the study specifically reviews the judges’ authority to point out evidentiary gaps to the parties as a means of improving the epistemic quality of proceedings, addressing both the necessity of this faculty and the theoretical and practical challenges it may entail. In this context, the thesis proposes a reform to the Chilean Labor Code that would allow judges to exercise this
evidentiary power, establishing clear criteria, limits, and safeguards to uphold procedural guarantees and principles, thereby fostering a collaborative evidentiary process between judge and parties. The analysis concludes that, if properly applied, these powers can contribute to a fairer and more efficient process, while also emphasizing the need for empirical and jurisprudential studies to further explore this topic1
Estudio de las actitudes, el síndrome de burnout y los factores psicológicos en profesionales de apoyo a personas con discapacidad intelectual
No full textENG- This work focuses on how the personal characteristics of support professionals — including attitudes, burnout, empathy, personality, and health — influence the quality of life of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Based on the social model of disability and the approach centered on quality of life and individualized supports, a gap in the literature is identified regarding the role of individual professional factors in the quality of service provided. The theoretical framework is structured around three main axes: the evolution of the concept of ID and its impact on professional practice; the analysis of attitudes toward ID and their relationship with variables such as empathy and personality; and the study of burnout in professionals in the social and health care sector, considering its causes, consequences, and links to personal characteristics.
Using a group comparison design, an evaluation protocol was administered to a sample of 45 support professionals to people with ID (index group), 43 individuals without professional experience in ID (control group), and 108 people with ID who were users of residential services. Validated instruments were used to assess sociodemographic variables, personality (NEO-FFI), attitudes (ATTID), burnout (MBI), empathy (IRI), and health (GHQ-28). The data were analyzed using statistical techniques such as descriptive analyses, t-tests, Spearman correlations, partial correlations, and multiple regressions.
The results revealed significant differences between groups in attitudes toward ID, personality traits, and burnout. Professionals scored more negatively in the “capabilities and rights” dimension, showed higher levels of extraversion, and lower levels of burnout. Relevant associations were found between personal variables and both attitudes and burnout, some of which were modulated by age. However, no significant associations were found between professionals’ attitudes or burnout and the quality of life of people with IDCAT- El present treball es centra en l’estudi sobre com les característiques personals dels professionals de suport —incloent-hi també actituds, burnout, empatia, personalitat i salut— influeixen en la qualitat de vida de les persones amb discapacitat intel·lectual. A partir del model social de la discapacitat i de l’enfocament basat en la qualitat de vida i els suports individualitzats, s’identifica un buit en la literatura pel que fa al paper que exerceixen els factors individuals dels professionals en la qualitat del servei que ofereixen. El marc teòric s’articula en tres eixos: l’evolució del concepte de DI i el seu impacte en la pràctica professional; l’anàlisi de les actituds envers la DI i la seva relació amb variables com l’empatia i la personalitat; i l’estudi del burnout en professionals de l’àmbit sociosanitari, tenint en compte les seves causes, conseqüències i vinculació amb variables personals.
Mitjançant un disseny de comparació de grups, es va aplicar un protocol d’avaluació a una mostra de 45 professionals de suport de persones amb DI (grup índex), 43 persones sense experiència professional en DI (grup control), i 108 persones amb DI usuàries de serveis residencials. Es van emprar instruments validats per mesurar variables sociodemogràfiques, personalitat (NEO-FFI), actituds (ATTID), burnout (MBI), empatia (IRI) i salut (GHQ-28). Les dades es van analitzar amb tècniques estadístiques com anàlisis descriptives, proves T, correlacions de Spearman, correlacions parcials i regressions múltiples.
Els resultats revelen diferències significatives entre grups pel que fa a actituds envers la DI, personalitat i burnout. Els professionals van obtenir puntuacions més negatives en la dimensió de capacitats i drets, nivells més alts d’extraversió i nivells més baixos de burnout. Es van trobar associacions rellevants entre variables personals i les dimensions d’actitud i burnout, modulades en alguns casos per l’edat. Tanmateix, no es van observar associacions significatives entre les actituds o el burnout dels professionals i la qualitat de vida de les persones amb DIPrograma de Doctorat en Psicologia, Salut i Qualitat de Vid
Turismo de proximidad en la ciudad de Barcelona: factores de motivación y rechazo de un modelo turístico sostenible
No full textSince the 1992 Olympic Games, the Barcelona's popularity, supply and demand for tourism have grown exponentially, turning the city into a destination whose sustainable management is increasingly complicated (overtourism). The objective of this research is to analyze the potential that local tourism would have for Barcelona as a medium-term bet in oder to create a more sustainable tourism model, as well as to know the main factors that motivate or reject this type of tourism. A methodological combination of quantitative analysis has been used, both from official secondary sources and from data from a survey (primary source) carried out on residents of Catalonia, in their capacity as potential local tourists. The results reveal that 83.6% of the participants in the study recognize the realization or interest in visiting places close to their residence and that the main factors that determine the decision to visit Barcelona are, in general, the price of the visit and the available time. Furthermore, as the level of education is higher, a greater degree of motivation is shown towards the practice of local tourism if more information is available about the places to visit or if those places do not show signs of tourist overcrowding. It is concluded that local tourism would be an alternative to be explored by companies in the sector and tourism management institutions in the city, since an active predisposition is detected in the target audience to visit the city, mainly those less congested tourist resourcesDesde la celebración de los Juegos Olímpicos de 1992, la popularidad, la oferta y la demanda turística de Barcelona han crecido exponencialmente hasta convertir a la ciudad en un destino cuya gestión de un modo sostenible resulta cada vez más complicada (sobreturismo). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el potencial que tendría el turismo de proximidad para Barcelona como apuesta en el medio plazo para crear un modelo turístico más sostenible, así como conocer los principales factores de motivación o rechazo de este tipo de turismo. Se ha empleado una combinación metodológica de análisis cuantitativo, tanto de fuentes secundarias de carácter oficial como a partir de los datos de una encuesta (fuente primaria) realizada a residentes en la Comunidad Autónoma de Cataluña, en su condición de potenciales turistas de proximidad. Los resultados revelan que el 83,6% de los participantes en el estudio reconoce la realización o el interés por visitar lugares cercanos a su residencia y que los principales factores que determinan la decisión de visitar Barcelona son, en general, el precio de la visita y el tiempo disponible. Además, conforme aumenta el nivel de instrucción académica se muestra un mayor grado de motivación hacia la práctica de turismo de proximidad si se dispone de más información sobre los lugares a visitar o estos no muestran signos de masificación turística. Se concluye que el turismo de proximidad sería una alternativa a explorar por parte de las empresas del sector e instituciones gestoras del turismo en la ciudad, ya que se detecta una predisposición en el público objetivo para visitar la ciudad, principalmente aquellos recursos turísticos menos congestionados1
Potencias de lo virtual. Estética del acontecimiento en el cine analógico, electrónico y digital
No full textENG- : A film breaks down, a frame freezes or holes, dirt or scratch particles appear, a fold crosses the screen, or an image dissolves in a magma of pixels. All these are just a few examples of the accidents that can affect the cinematographic representation, thus breaking with the illusion of an invisible montage or making its photo-realistic aspiration fail. The accident reveals the material basis of the image, while opening an aesthetic category. Considering the production of virtual environments, of which cinema has been participating since its origins, the thesis “Potencias de lo virtual. Estética del acontecimiento en el cine analógico, electrónico y digital” focuses on the artistic practices that have incorporated the logic of the accident in their works, proposing a historical journey that begins with the celluloid, continues with the video, and reaches to numerical technology. Considering the audiovisual work of authors such as Dziga Vertov, Man Ray, Samuel Beckett, Nam June Paik, Bill Viola, Joan Jonas, Steina and Woody Vasulka, Michelangelo Antonioni, Jean Luc Godard, David Lynch, and Jacques Perconte, and following the thought of philosophers such as Gilles Deleuze, Paul Virilio or Catherine Malabou, among others, the following thesis seeks to understand those practices that have shifted the focus of the representation of the accident to the accident of the representationCAT- Una pel·lícula es descompon, un fotograma es congela o apareixen forats, partícules de brutícia o esgarrapades, un plec travessa la pantalla, o una imatge es dissol en un magma de píxels. Tots aquests són tan sols alguns exemples dels accidents que poden afectar la representació cinematogràfica, trencant així amb la il·lusió d'un muntatge invisible o fent fracassar la seva aspiració foto-realista. L'accident revela la base material de la imatge, al temps que obre una categoria estètica. Davant de la producció d'entorns virtuals, de la qual el cinema participa des dels seus orígens, la tesi “Potencias de lo virtual. Estética del acontecimiento en el cine analógico, electrónico y digital” es centra en les pràctiques artístiques que han incorporat la lògica de l'accident en els seus treballs, proposant un recorregut històric que comença amb el cel·luloide, continua amb el vídeo, i arriba fins a la tecnologia numèrica. A partir de l'obra audiovisual d'autors com Dziga Vertov, Man Ray, Samuel Beckett, Nam June Paik, Bill Viola, Joan Jonas, Steina i Woody Vasulka, Michelangelo Antonioni, Jean Luc Godard, David Lynch, i Jacques Perconte, i seguint el pensament de filòsofs com Gilles Deleuze, Paul Virilio o Catherine Malabou, entre altres, la següent tesi busca entendre aquelles pràctiques que han desplaçat el focus de la representació de l'accident a l'accident de la representacióPrograma de Doctorat en Ciències Humanes, del Patrimoni i de la Cultur