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Del GAMAR a la escuela: principios sobre el uso de materiales manipulativos en el aula de matemáticas
No full textIn this introductory article of the section Materials for doing and thinking mathematics, ten reflections and thoughts by M. Antònia Canals have been described, which have been called principles. These principles are an instrument for guiding and reflecting on the key aspects for the effective use of manipulatives in the mathematics classroom: selection criteria, main functions and management. These principles are the basis for showing, in the next issues, several manipulatives from the Gabinet de Materials i de Recerca per a la Matemàtica a l'Escola (GAMAR), which is part of the M. Antònia Canals Chair of Mathematics Education, emphasising how to promote the potential of these materials to develop the mathematical sensesEn este artículo de introducción de la sección Materiales para hacer y pensar
matemáticas se han descrito diez reflexiones y pensamientos de M. Antònia Canals, que
se han denominado Principios. Estos Principios son un instrumento de orientación y de
reflexión sobre los aspectos clave para usar eficazmente los materiales manipulativos en
el aula de matemáticas: los criterios de selección, las principales funciones y la gestión.
Dichos Principios son el punto de partida para mostrar, en los próximos números,
diversos materiales del Gabinet de Materials i de Recerca per a la Matemàtica a l’Escola
(GAMAR), que forma parte de la Cátedra de Didáctica de las Matemáticas M. Antònia
Canals, enfatizando cómo promover el potencial de estos materiales para desarrollar los
sentidos matemático
Health-Related Quality of Life in Men with Fractures and Fear of Falling in General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textPurpose: This study aims to assess how fractures and fear of falling affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in men (≥50 years) across different domains. Methods: Design: Observational study. Setting: Primary care. Subjects: 237 men aged 50–90 years. Outcome measures: Age, frac-tures, fear of falling, EQ-5D. Results: A total of 122 men (51.47% of the male cohort) participated, the mean age was 69 ± 5 (≥65–74 years 26.2%, ≥75–84 years 21.3%, ≥85 years 9.8%). Poorer EQ-5D scores were observed in men ≥ 65 years with fractures in the pain domain (p = 0.04), while men < 65 showed better scores in mobility (p = 0.04), self-care (p = 0.04), daily activities (p = 0.04), and anxiety/depression (p = 0.01). Fear of falling significantly impacted HRQoL across all ages, with men ≥ 65 reporting worse mobility (p = 0.02) and higher anxiety/depression (p = 0.01), while men < 65 experienced less pain (p = 0.00). Conclusions: This study shows a relationship between frac-tures, fear of falling, and the perception of the various dimensions of HRQoL in older men. It highlights the need for targeted interventions and follow-up systems to monitor recovery and address fears of falling in men aged 65 and above post-fractureThis study was supported in part by a research grants from the Institut d’Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain [7Z11/010-1 and 2013/001ESTRANG
Reply to the 'Comment on "Designing potentially singlet fission materials with an anti-Kasha behaviour"' by K. Jindal, A. Majumdar and R. Ramakrishnan, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2025, 27, DOI: 10.1039/D4CP02863E
No full textArticles associats: Comment on “Designing potentially singlet fission materials with an anti-Kasha behaviour” by R. Pino-Rios, R. Báez-Grez, D. W. Szczepanik, and M. Solá, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, 26, 15386. DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CP02863E; Designing potentially singlet fission materials with an anti-Kasha behaviour. DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CP01284DIn this reply to the preceding paper by K. Jindal, A. Majumdar and R. Ramakrishnan, we argue that the results obtained in our original manuscript with the Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) are reasonable and that they are not only in agreement with experimental results but also with reliable ab initio calculationsOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with RS
Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Associated with Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: A Scoping Review
No full textObjective: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most frequent childhood cancer. Infant ALL (<1 year) is rare, but it captures a lot of interest due to its poor prognosis, especially in patients harbouring KMT2A rearrangements, which have been demonstrated to arise prenatally. However, epidemiological studies aimed at identifying specific risk factors in such cases are scarce, mainly due to sample-size limitations. We conducted a scoping review to elucidate the prenatal or perinatal factors associated with infant ALL. Methods: Original articles, letters, or conference abstracts published up to June 2022 were identified using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and 33 observational studies were selected. Results: The study reveals several well-established associations across the literature, such as maternal exposure to pesticides and high birth weight, and outlines suggestive associations, such as parental heavy smoking, parental use of several medications (e.g., dipyrone), and maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy. Conclusions: This scoping review summarizes the few observational studies that have analysed the prenatal and perinatal risk factors for ALL in infants diagnosed before the age of 1 year. The results of this review highlight the lack of research into this specific age group, which merits further researchThis work was supported in part by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, a way to build Europe [PI 20/00531, PI20/00822, PLE2021-007518]; Asociación Española Contra el Cancer (AECC) [PRYGN211192BUEN]; TRANSCAN AECC and ISCIII [AC 18/000002]; Generalitat de Catalunya with economical support from the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya [2017 SGR288 (GRC), 2021 CSGR 00560 (GRC)]; Fundació Internacional Josep Carreras; Fundación UnoEntreCienmi
Estimació de l'economia submergida a les comunitats autònomes pel període 2006-2019
No full textEl present treball té com a objectiu principal estimar l'economia submergida present a les comunitats autònomes espanyoles en el període comprès entre els anys 2006 i 2019. Per a aconseguir-ho, s'utilitza un model economètric basat en variables econòmiques i socials, atesa la inexistència o manca d'estimacions categoritzades per a les comunitats autònomes.
Es realitza una revisió teòrica del tema estudiat, proporcionant al lector un coneixement previ sobre l'economia submergida i una perspectiva global dels estudis que han afrontat aquest tema. A partir de la revisió teòrica, s'avaluen diversos models econòmics i es selecciona aquell que s'adapta millor a l'objectiu de l'estudi.
Un cop establerts els criteris que configuren el model, es procedeix a la seva construcció. La qual cosa implica la definició de les variables, la formulació de les equacions i la implementació del model en l’aplicatiu R Studio per a estimar l'impacte de l'economia submergida per a cada comunitat autònoma.
Es presenten conclusions sobre l'estimació de l'economia submergida a les CAs espanyoles entre 2006 i 2019, destacant la heterogeneïtat entre regions i la tendència general a l'augment d'aquesta activitatThe main objective of this work is to estimate the underground economy present in the Spanish autonomous communities in the period between 2006 and 2019. To achieve this, an econometric model based on economic and social variables is used, given the non-existence or lack of categorized estimates for the autonomous communities.
A theoretical review of the topic studied is carried out, providing the reader with prior knowledge about the underground economy and a global perspective of the studies that have addressed this topic. Based on the theoretical review, several economic models are evaluated and the one that best adapts to the objective of the study is selected.
Once the criteria that configure the model have been established, its construction is carried out. Which implies the definition of the variables, the formulation of the equations and the implementation of the model in the R Studio application to estimate the impact of the underground economy for each autonomous community.
Conclusions are presented on the estimation of the underground economy in the Spanish Autonomous Communities between 2006 and 2019, highlighting the heterogeneity between regions and the general trend towards an increase in this activity
Atomic radii derived from the expectation value <r4>
No full textThe atomic radius as a fundamental chemical descriptor for the size of a chemical element is often used in physical chemistry. Many reference sets are available, based either on experiment or calculations. For example, Alvarez compiled a set of consistent van der Waals radii (Dalton Trans. 2013, 42, 8617) based on millions of measured interatomic non-bonded distances. In quantum mechanics, there are many ways in which the atom size can be defined and obtained because the atomic radius is not an observable. Here, we show that a theoretical measure can be based on expectation values such as and . These are easily obtained from atomic electric moments, routinely generated by popular quantum chemistry codes, with full control over electronic structure, charge, spin state, etc. As such we obtain a measure for the size of free atoms H to Xe and demonstrate linear scaling of atomic size in the series as outermost s, p or d subshells are filled according to the Madelung rule. Radii derived from compare best to Alvarez's empirical reference set of van der Waals radii, and atomic radii from theoretical sources. Known periodic trends of atomic radii are well reproduced by our data. Furthermore, we demonstrate the dependence of atomic size on the electronic structure and spin state for d-block elementsThis work was supported by AEI/MICIU (CTQ2017-87392-P, PID2020-114548GB-I00 and PID2023-152415NB-I00) and GenCat (2021SGR 00487)Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Wile
Prediction of the bed expansion and pressure drop in microirrigation media filter backwashing using artificial neural networks and comparison with other machine learning technique
No full textThe filtration capacity of media filters, which are widely used in drip irrigation systems to prevent emitter clogging, must be periodically restored by backwashing, which fluidizes the media bed and removes those trapped particles. Bed expansion (BE) and pressure drop (PD) are the key parameters for assessing the hydraulic performance of backwashing, but the available equations and models frequently fall short of their prediction. An experiment with three medium types, four filter underdrain designs, two bed heights and different backwashing superficial velocities as input variables was conducted to measure both BE and PD. A dataset of 705 backwashing runs was obtained and with 80 % of data for training and 20 % for testing, a machine learning-based model that uses Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to predict both BE and PD was developed and compared with the Ridge, Elastic-net, and Lasso regression models. With coefficients of determination of 0.9932 and 0.9988 for BE and PD, respectively, the results demonstrated that the ANN model not only ranked the importance of the input variables and showed strong agreement with experimental data but also attained superior predictive accuracy regarding the Lasso, Elastic-net, and Ridge models. This study presents a novel and optimized approach for predicting bed expansion and pressure drop, enhancing the reliability of media filter backwashing performance assessments in smart irrigation systemsComputational assistance was supplied by the University of Oviedo's Mathematics Department, while grants from the University of Girona and the Spanish Research Agency and the European Regional Development Fund, Belgium, respectively, were awarded PONT2022/03 and PID2023–147561OB-I00. Jonathan Graciano-Uribe thanks the IFUdG342022 fund for its suppor
La Figura de Babieca en el ciclo épico del Cid: ¿personaje o recurso?
No full textEl presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado se propone estudiar la figura del caballo Babieca en el ciclo del Cantar de Mio Cid como “recurso literario” y como personaje.
La autora, gran apasionada de los caballos, y buena conocedora del mundo ecuestre, reflexiona sobre la figura del caballo en la literatura, cuya presencia se remonta a los tiempos de Homero. Grandes personajes de la historia, y de la literatura también, no se pueden disociar de su caballo, su fiel acompañante y amigo, como es el caso de Rocinante y el Quijote, Bucéfalo en el caso de Alejandro y tanto otros.
Los caballos, así como los burros y las mulas, en opinión de la autora, han sido maltratados a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad. Es contradictorio constatar que el gran aliado de los hombres, un gran apoyo desde el inicio de los tiempos, haya sido utilizado y masacrado por los hombres, en especial en las guerras que han tenido lugar a lo largo de los siglos.
La metodología que se ha aplicado ha sido un análisis exhaustivo y detallado del Cantar como principal fuente y la posterior comparación, en menor medida, con las otras fuentes. Pareció pertinente incluir un apartado para el Romancero por la gran importancia de la tradición oral y popular en cuanto a la evolución y ampliación de la leyenda del Cid.
La autora piensa que el Poema de Mio Cid podría haber sido escrito por más de una persona, o bien que quien lo escribió no estaba familiarizado con el mundo de la caballería, por eso ha decidido incluir un apartado de inverosimilitudes y otros elementos que demuestran este hecho.
Este trabajo intenta dignificar al caballo a lo largo de la historia
Los motivos de género a prueba
No full textENG- This thesis explores a subcategory of gender-based crimes referred to as «gender-motivated crimes», whose paradigmatic examples are, arguably, the crime of femicide and gender-based hate crimes. These types of crimes have been incorporated into criminal law through different models of typification. Nevertheless, it is possible to identify certain tendencies that countries have adopted by including them in their legal frameworks. Among these models, the one that this research focuses on is that which requires demonstrating that the crime was motivated by gender—that is, models that emphasize the perpetrator’s motivations.
One of the most striking features of this model is its widespread adoption, despite the objections it faces. Two main criticisms cast doubt on the model’s appropriateness. The first question is whether it is justified to aggravate the penalty based on the presence of certain motives. The second highlights the model’s potential ineffectiveness due to the evidentiary difficulties it entails. Given the nature of these objections, and based on the preliminary intuition that the model is desirable—since it directs the reproach toward the most problematic aspect of the type of violence targeted by gender-motivated crimes—this research sets out to test its validity.
Before challenging the model in question, the study first addresses a set of conceptual issues that ultimately enable the formulation of a working definition of gender motives, serving as the foundation for the broader analysis. Assuming that gender motives can be characterized as gender-based prejudices, the second part of the study examines the objection that punishing acts motivated by prejudice amounts to punishing individuals for their thoughts. Once this objection is addressed, the final section delves into the evidentiary challenges posed by the requirement to prove the perpetrator’s gender-related motives. The study concludes that, although proving gender motives is undeniably challenging, none of these challenges appear to be inherently insurmountableCAT- La tesis explora una subcategoría de delitos de género a la que se denomina «delitos motivados por el género», cuyos ejemplos paradigmáticos, se asume, son el delito de feminicidio y los delitos de odio ligados al género. Este tipo de delitos han sido incorporados a las normas penales de maneras muy distintas. Aun así, es posible identificar ciertas tendencias o modelos de tipificación adoptados entre los países que los contemplan en sus ordenamientos jurídicos. Entre los modelos respectivos, el que interesa a esta investigación es aquel que exige que se demuestre que el delito estuvo motivado por el género, esto es, que enfatizan en las motivaciones del agente.
Uno de los aspectos más llamativos del modelo mencionado, es su nivel de popularidad, a pesar del tipo de objeciones que enfrenta. Las críticas que ponen en mayor entredicho la pertinencia de este modelo son básicamente dos. La primera se orienta a cuestionar que esté justificado agravar la pena ante la presencia de ciertos motivos. La segunda se centra en evidenciar su potencial ineficacia ante las dificultades probatorias que supone. Visto el talante de estas objeciones y teniendo la intuición preliminar de que dicho modelo resulta deseable dado que orienta el reproche al aspecto más problemático del tipo de violencia a la que se dirigen los delitos motivados por el género, esta investigación se da a la tarea de ponerlo a prueba.
Antes de desafiar el modelo de referencia, lo primero en lo que se repara es una serie de cuestiones conceptuales que permiten, en última instancia, estipular un concepto de motivos de género que sirva de base para el análisis general. Asumiendo que los motivos de género pueden ser caracterizados como prejuicios de género, como segundo punto, se analiza la objeción que asume que castigar la acciones típicas motivadas por prejuicios implica castigar a las personas por los pensamientos. Solventada esta crítica, se profundiza como último punto en las dificultades probatorias que supone tener que probar las motivaciones de género del agente. Al respecto se concluye que, aun cuando es innegable que la prueba de los motivos de género resulta desafiante, ninguno de estos desafíos parece ser necesariamente insuperablePrograma de Doctorat Interuniversitari en Dret, Economia i Empres
La marca personal com a eina de reputació. Estudi del cas de Miquel Àngel Sànchez Muñoz (Míchel)
No full textLa marca personal s’ha convertit en un element fonamental dins l’àmbit de la comunicació esportiva, especialment en el món del futbol professional, on tant jugadors com entrenadors esdevenen figures públiques amb una gran capacitat d’influència. En aquest context, aquest final de grau en Publicitat i Relacions Públiques té com a objectiu analitzar i proposar estratègies de millora per a la marca personal de Miguel Ángel Sánchez Muñoz, més conegut com a Míchel, actual entrenador del Girona FC.
L’estudi es fonamenta en una metodologia mixta que combina la recollida de dades a partir d’enquestes dirigides a l’afició del Girona FC i entrevistes amb professionals del periodisme esportiu. A més, el projecte incorpora una visió interna de la gestió de la seva marca a través de la consulta directa amb el departament de comunicació del club. Això ha permès contrastar la percepció pública amb les estratègies institucionals, aportant una anàlisi global.
Els principals resultats mostren que la presència digital de Míchel és percebuda com a insuficient per una part significativa de l’afició, la qual cosa obre una oportunitat estratègica per reforçar el vincle emocional amb els seguidors a través de continguts motivacionals, tàctics i de lideratge.