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Prostate Cancer Incidence by Age and Clinicopathological Characteristics: A Population-Based Study in Girona, Spain, 2010 to 2021
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of prostate cancer (PC) and its trends according to the age, Gleason grade (GG) and stage. Methods: Population-based study of PC cases diagnosed in Girona, Spain, from 2010 to 2021. Age at diagnosis, date and method of diagnosis, histology, Gleason score, and stage at diagnosis were collected. Poisson and negative binomial generalized linear models were used to estimate incidence trends and incidence rate ratios (IRRs), respectively. Results: Five thousand three hundred nine cases were included, with a median age of 70 years (IQR:64-77). The age standardized rates according to GG ranged from 12.8 cases per 100,000 men-year (m-y) for GG 5 to 36.6 cases for GG 2 and from 19.9 to 52.6 cases per 100,000 m-y for stages IV and II, respectively. Overall, there was a decline between 2010 and 2014, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 6.1% (95% CI, 9.0, 3.1), followed by stabilisation (APC: 0.3% [95% CI, 2.1, 1.5]). Adjusted IRRs for GG 3, 4, and 5 were lower than GG 1 and IRRs for stages III and IV were lower than stage I; however, the IRR for stage II was higher (IRR = 1.53 [95% CI, 1.40, 1.67]). Conclusions: Although the overall incidence of PC has remained stable since 2014, there has been an increase in cases with the worst prognosis. These cases usually involve elderly patients, who are the most vulnerabl
KANTAN: pla d'acció
No full textDocument docent que descriu una pràctica que ha de fer l'alumnat de l'assignatura de "Física i electrònica" del Grau en Enginyeria Informàtica del curs acadèmic 2024-2025, fent servir el mètode KANTAN. S'especifica el pla d'acció, el cronograma i protocol de la pràctica consistent en resoldre els problemes aplicant els principis de la cultura empresarial japonesa
Claves del Liderazgo Pedagógico y su Impacto en la Gestión Eficaz dentro de la Comunidad Educativa
No full textGiven the current challenges in educational management, leadership has become a key factor in improving teaching and learning processes. This article analyzes the concept of educational leadership from a theoretical perspective, focusing on transformational, distributed, and emotional typologies. Key elements of these leadership models are examined, emphasizing their role in both teacher motivation and the strengthening of social and human capital in educational institutions. Additionally, the role of school leadership as a facilitator of teachers' professional development and a promoter of educational innovation is explored, with special emphasis on secondary education institutions. The effectiveness of different leadership types is evaluated based on the characteristics of schools and their educational projects, considering dynamics such as discussion and decision-making. Furthermore, the essential personal attributes for effective pedagogical leadership are analyzed, and optimal strategies for distributing responsibilities in school management are presented. Finally, a well-founded reflection is proposed to foster commitment and continuous improvement in outcomes across the entire educational communityAnte los desafíos actuales en la gestión educativa, el liderazgo se ha convertido en un factor clave para la mejora de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Este artículo analiza, desde una base teórica, el concepto de liderazgo educativo, centrándose en sus tipologías transformacional, distribuido y emocional. Se examinan los elementos clave de estos modelos, destacando su papel tanto en la motivación docente como en el fortalecimiento del capital social y humano en las instituciones educativas. Además, se estudia la función directiva como facilitadora del desarrollo profesional docente y promotora de la innovación educativa, con especial énfasis en los centros de educación secundaria. Se evalúa la efectividad de los distintos tipos de liderazgo en función de las características de los centros y sus proyectos educativos, considerando dinámicas como la discusión y la toma de decisiones. Asimismo, se analizan los atributos personales esenciales para un liderazgo pedagógico eficaz y se presentan estrategias óptimas para la distribución de responsabilidades en la gestión escolar. Finalmente, se propone una reflexión fundamentada que fomente el compromiso y la mejora continua de resultados en el conjunto de la comunidad educativ
Juicios por la verdad en casos de abusos sexuales prescriptos en Argentina: justificación, valoración de los elementos de juicio y decisión sobre los hechos probados
No full textEste trabajo analiza los juicios por la verdad en casos de abusos sexuales prescriptos en Argentina, un mecanismo judicial sin una regulación específica en la legislación nacional —con antecedente en los procesos seguidos contra los responsables por crímenes de la última dictadura cívico-militar—, por el que algunas personas juzgadoras han declarado probado ciertos hechos, aún pese a la extinción de la acción penal. El objetivo de este TFM es analizar, desde la perspectiva del razonamiento probatorio, las diferencias que existen con los juicios ordinarios en cuanto a la decisión sobre los hechos, con especial atención en la valoración de la prueba, la decisión probatoria y el estándar aplicable, en virtud de las dificultades probatorias y de la finalidad meramente declarativa perseguida. A tal fin, se parte del análisis de las únicas cuatro sentencias dictadas en la materia, hasta el momento. Como conclusión, se sostiene que, si bien estos procesos pueden tener un efecto reparador para las víctimas, la ausencia de una regulación concreta afecta principios fundamentales, sugiriéndose la necesidad de contar con una reglamentación específica. Finalmente, se sustenta que no existen buenas razones que justifiquen recurrir a estándares de prueba más flexibles en estos casosThis work analyzes truth trials in cases of statute-barred sexual abuse in Argentina, a judicial mechanism lacking specific regulation in national legislation —with precedent in the proceedings against those responsible for crimes committed during the last civil-military dictatorship—, through which some judges have declared certain facts proven, even though criminal prosecution is no longer possible. The objective of this paper is to analyze, from the perspective of evidential reasoning, the differences between these proceedings and ordinary trials in terms of decisions about facts, with particular attention to evidentiary assessment, evidentiary rulings and the applicable standard of proof, in light of the evidentiary challenges and the merely declarative purpose pursued. To this end, the analysis focuses on the only four rulings issued on the matter to date. As a conclusion, it is argued that although these proceedings may have a reparative effect for the victims, the absence of specific regulation affects fundamental principles, suggesting the need for a specific legal framework. Finally, it is contended that there are no sound reasons to justify the use of more flexible standards of proof in these cases1
La vocación monástica y ascética en la Hispania visigoda: motivaciones y movilidad geográfica
No full textMonasticism in Visigothic Hispania experienced a veritable boom during the last decades of the sixth century and especially throughout the seventh century. However, it is usually difficult to gain insight into the experience of the people who were at the forefront of this phenomenon due to the normative nature of most sources. The aim of this article is therefore to explore the causes and motivations that led monks, virgins and ascetics to leave their secular lives and embrace religious life. To do this, it is necessary to locate references to these people in textual sources and extract as much information as possible about these personal processes. The geographical mobility that normally accompanied the transition from the secular world to the monastic life will also be briefly analysedEl monacato en la Hispania visigoda experimentó un auténtico florecimiento durante las últimas décadas del siglo VI y especialmente durante todo el siglo VII. Sin embargo, habitualmente resulta complicado poder aproximarse a la experiencia de las personas que protagonizaron este fenómeno debido a la naturaleza normativa de la mayoría de las fuentes. El objetivo de este artículo es, por tanto, tratar de explorar las causas y motivaciones que llevaron a los monjes, vírgenes y ascetas a dejar su vida secular y abrazar la vida religiosa. Para ello es necesario localizar en las fuentes textuales las referencias a estas personas y extraer la información posible sobre estos procesos personales. Asimismo, se analizará sucintamente la movilidad geográfica que llevaba aparejada normalmente el paso del mundo al sigl
How ionic liquid composition affect Raffinate 1 polymerization in a cationic system?
No full textThis research investigates the polymerization of Raffinate 1 under mild conditions using All₃-based initiating systems incorporating five different ionic liquids: [MIM][HSO₄], [Py][HSO₄], [CycIM]Cl, [PVIMCyc]Cl, and [PVIM][HSO₄]. The resulting polybutenes were characterized to determine exo-olefin content, number-average molecular weight (Mₙ), and molecular weight dispersity (Ð). The exo-olefin content of the polymers was below 12 %, with Mₙ values ranging from 6000 to 9500 g·mol−1 and Ð values below 2.03. Compared to the neat AlCl₃/ethanol system, the incorporation of ionic liquids generally led to polybutenes with lower Mₙ, comparable or slightly higher Ð, and similar exo-olefin content. Deconvolution of the GPC curves revealed that all polymers featured three distinct active sites. Among these, the site producing low-molecular-weight polymer chains exhibited the lowest activity, contributing less than 10 wt% to the total polymer population. Additionally, Density functional theory calculations via Natural Bond Orbital analysis showed that the average NBO charge on aluminum in the (AlCl₃)₂ dimer complexes was more positive for ILs than for PILs and S-ILs. These NBO charges revealed a nonuniform distribution between the two aluminum centers upon bonding with the hydroxyl group, with an increase in positive charge on the aluminum center coordinating the hydroxylThis research was funded by the Iran National Science Foundation under the grant number of 4023556, and by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación with projects PID2021-127423NB-I00 and PID2024-155989NB-I00, and the Generalitat de Catalunya with project 2021SGR623. Financial supports from the project 3 A-Italy, MICS–PNRR MUR-M4C2-I 1.3 (PE00000004) are gratefully acknowledgedOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevie
Electrophilic insertion and ring growth in 1,2,5-azadiborolidines: theoretical evidence for boron-driven expansion
No full textThis study computationally investigates the reactivity of 1,2,5-azadiborolidine derivatives toward carbon monoxide (CO), extending ring-expansion mechanisms from borole chemistry. Establishing structural and electronic analogies through isosterism, we propose that endocyclic CO insertion operates in this new class of boron heterocycles. 1,2,5-Tri-tert-butyl-1,2,5-azadiborolidine emerged as the optimal candidate, exhibiting a favourable three-step pathway: CO insertion, dimerization of the ring-expanded intermediate, and subsequent double [1,2]-migration. Thermochemical analysis confirms viability under mild conditions, with solvents (DCM, n-pentane, THF) providing similar barriers and reaction Gibbs energies. Key reactivity indicators include B–C(O) and C–O bond lengths, while correlations between kinetic barriers and σ → π*(CO) backdonation energies provide predictive insight. This work broadens boron-based reactivity by proposing a fourth class of CO-inserting boracycles and highlights 1,2,5-azadiborolidines as versatile, metal-free frameworks for small-molecule activationV. A. L.-R. thanks SECIHTI for his M.Sc. student scholarship (#1312084). J. O. C. J.-H. acknowledges Laboratorio Nacional de Cómputo de Alto Desempeño (PIPILA) and Universidad de Guanajuato (DCNE). A. P. is a Serra Húnter Fellow and thanks the Spanish MINECO for project PID2021-127423NB-I00, and the Generalitat de Catalunya for project 2021SGR623. The authors acknowledge the computing time supported by Conacyt (Grant CB-2015-252356), and additional resources provided by BSC supercomputing facilities.
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with RS
Analysis of environmental conflicts in the Spanish Mediterranean coastal regions
No full textAlong the Mediterranean coast, the defence of landscapes and territories has become a crucial
battleground in social struggles. Coastal areas, rich in natural and cultural heritage but subject to intense
economic pressures, have been the scene of recurring tensions between development projects and the
preservation of the environment. Here, threats to identity, heritage and the natural surroundings often trigger
collective action, giving rise to various forms of environmental mobilisation. This thesis focuses on the Spanish
Mediterranean coast and analyses 640 documented cases of environmental conflicts and mobilisations
recorded by the MOVxPAIMED research project from 1970 to the present day. Compiled by research groups
from seven Spanish universities, this dataset includes detailed descriptions of each mobilisation, from its
context and actors to its territorial impacts. The main objective is to interpret and systematise this material,
introducing a new categorisation of each case according to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
This additional analytical layer provides a standardised framework for understanding conflicts from social,
economic and environmental perspectives, enabling comparison over time and across territories. By combining
statistical and territorial analyses, the study aims to shed new light on the evolution, patterns and meanings of
the last five decades of environmental mobilisation61
Infermeres a la Guerra civil (1936-1939)
No full textArticle sobre la participació femenina a les comarques gironines durant la Guerra Civil. En aquest període, les dones van resistir com van poder enmig d'una societat trencada i marcada per la violència, i van tenir un paper actiu i essencial en molts àmbits: des de la llar fins al front de batalla, en la cura de les persones, la cultura, l'educació o la polític
Genetic diagnosis of inherited arrhythmogenic syndromes and sudden cardiac death in pediatrics
No full textENG- Sudden death in children and young people is rare, but when it occurs, it is a devastating event. In many of these cases, even after a complete autopsy, the exact cause of death cannot be identified. Current evidence suggests that a significant proportion of these deaths may be caused by genetic cardiac conditions, also known as inherited arrhythmogenic syndromes, which are not always detectable through standard medico-legal autopsies.
Genetic testing can help identify these conditions, but interpreting the results is complex, especially in children and young people. This is largely due to inherent features of these syndromes, such as incomplete penetrance (not all carriers of deleterious variants develop the disease) and variable expressivity (the severity and age of onset of the condition can vary between individuals). Moreover, many of the genetic alterations identified are of uncertain or unknown clinical significance.
This doctoral thesis had the following objectives:
• To improve the interpretation of uncertain genetic findings in inherited arrhythmogenic syndromes.
• To design and implement a new algorithm to classify these uncertain genetic variants more precisely.
• To determine the optimal (cost-effective) time interval for re-evaluating genetic results in inherited arrhythmogenic syndromes.
• To better understand how deleterious variants in the SCN5A gene can affect the pediatric population.
To address these objectives, we reanalyzed genetic data from children and young individuals who died suddenly without a clear cause. We found that 10% of the previously uncertain variants were not deleterious. The newly developed classification algorithm helped identify which variants were likely to play a role in disease and therefore required more frequent and thorough review. It was also found that reviewing these results every 2 to 5 years was optimal, according to the available scientific evidence. Children carrying deleterious SCN5A variants showed a wide range of symptoms, and in many cases, serious cardiac events were triggered by fever.
In conclusion, this study helps make genetic testing more useful and accurate in children and young people with inherited arrhythmogenic syndromes and/or sudden cardiac death, contributing to improved diagnosis, prevention, and personalized treatmentCAT- La mort sobtada en infants i joves és poc freqüent, però quan ocorre és un esdeveniment devastador. En molts d’aquests casos, fins i tot després d’una autòpsia completa, no es pot identificar una causa clara de la mort. La evidencia actual indica que un percentatge important d’aquestes morts podrien ser causades per trastorns cardíacs genètics, també coneguts com síndromes arritmogèniques hereditàries, que no sempre es poden detectar amb les autòpsies medicolegals habituals.
Les proves genètiques poden ajudar a identificar aquestes condicions, però interpretar-ne els resultats és complicat, especialment en infants i persones joves. Això es degut sobretot a característiques inherents a aquestes síndromes, com la penetrància incompleta (no tots els portadors de variants deletèries presenten la patologia) i l’expressivitat variable (la severitat i edat d’aparició de la síndrome pot variar d’un individu a un altre). A més a més sovint s’identifiquen alteracions genètiques amb un significat clínic incert o desconegut.
Aquesta tesi doctoral té els següents objectius:
• Millorar la interpretació dels resultats genètics incerts en les síndromes arritmogèniques hereditàries.
• Dissenyar i implementar un nou algoritme per classificar aquestes variants genètiques incertes de manera més precisa.
• Determinar el temps òptim (cost-efectiu) per tal de revisar els resultats genètics a les síndromes arritmogèniques hereditàries.
• Comprendre millor com afecten les alteracions deletèries al gen SCN5A a la població pediàtrica.
Per aconseguir respondre a aquests objectius vam reanalitzar dades genètiques de nens i joves que van morir sobtadament sense una causa clara. Vam descobrir que un 10% de les alteracions prèviament considerades incertes no eren perjudicials. Es va dissenyar i validar un algoritme innovador per a la classificació de les variants incertes. Aquest nou algoritme va ajudar a identificar quines alteracions podrien tenir un paper en la malaltia i per tant necessitaven d’una revisió més completa i freqüent. També van veure que revisar aquests resultats entre cada 2 i 5 anys era el més òptim, segons l’evidència científica disponible. Els infants amb alteracions perjudicials en el gen SCN5A van mostrar una gran varietat de símptomes, i molts dels problemes cardíacs greus en aquesta població s’havien desencadenat per la febre.
En conclusió, aquest estudi contribueix a fer les proves genètiques més útils i precises en infants i joves amb síndromes arritmogèniques hereditàries i/o mort sobtada cardíaca, ajudant a millorar el diagnòstic, la prevenció de la mort sobtada cardíaca i el tractament personalitzatPrograma de Doctorat en Biologia Molecular, Biomedicina i Salu