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On the Functionalization of C60 with Vinylallenes Generated in situ by Rhodium Catalysis
No full textThe functionalization of fullerenes is important for several reasons, primarily related to enhancing their chemical reactivity, solubility, and potential of applications in optoelectronics and biomedicine. In this study, we present a novel approach to functionalize C60 through a cascade process encompassing an unprecedented Rh-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6-allenynes to in situ generate a vinylallene that is followed by a Diels-Alder reaction with pristine fullerene, resulting in the formation of 6,6-fused bicyclic fullerene derivatives. The mechanism governing this process was elucidated by DFT calculations and confirmed by deuterium labelling and control experiments, demonstrating the critical role of traces of water in the reaction medium to mediate the observed reactivityOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Wile
Application of DSP2 for biological sex estimation in a Spanish sample: analysis based on sex and side
No full textApplying existing sexing methodologies to different populations, and reporting these findings is important to enhance their applicability and accuracy in real cases across the world. DSP was published in 2005 (Murail et al., 2005) and updated as a DSP2 in 2017 (Brůžek et al., 2017) based on a database of 10 pelvic measurements from 2040 individuals worldwide. These tools have been applied subsequently to various populations, however, its applicability to a dry Spanish population is lacking. 303 hipbones belonging to 157 individuals from the School of Legal Medicine from the University Complutense of Madrid (Spain), of which 140 individuals were documented, were analyzed to investigate the reliability, applicability and accuracy of the DSP2 sex estimation methodology, examining side and sex-based potential differences for the first time. In most of the DSP variables, intra-rater reliability showed excellent results and % applicability was higher than 85.0%. Overall % accuracy was higher than 94.0% regardless of the number or discriminant power of the utilized DSP variables. However, % sexing decreased when less variables or less discriminant ones were used for estimations, reaching 45.51% (left) and 43.31% (right). Regarding sexual dimorphism, females’ results of % applicability, % sexing and % accuracy were higher compared to males. In addition, left os coxae achieved better outcomes (aforementioned percentages) in most of the cases in the sex-pooled sample. Decreasing the mandatory posterior probability by 10% yielded an increase in the % sexing but reduced % accuracy, and thus, does not seem to enhance the approach’s performance. The present study validates the applicability and reliability of DSP for sexing a Spanish population. Future investigations will attempt to assess its applicability within virtual anthropologyOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Natur
An Integrated Neuromuscular Training intervention applied in primary school induces epigenetic modifications in disease-related genes: A genome-wide DNA methylation study
No full textPhysical exercise has been shown to induce epigenetic modifications with various health implications, directly affect DNA methylation (DNAm), and reverse the epigenetic age. Hence, we aimed to identify differential methylation changes and assess the epigenetic age in the saliva of 7-9-year-old school children following a 3-month integrated neuromuscular training (INT) and to explore if any of the methylation changes are in core genes. Core genes are defined as genes of high relevance and essential importance within the human genome. Forty children (17 boys and 23 girls) were recruited from schools in Girona, Spain, and allocated into the control (N = 20) or INT (N = 20) group. The INT group performed a 3-month INT as a warm-up during the physical education (PE) classes, encompassing strength, coordination, dynamic stabilization, plyometrics, speed, and agility exercises, whereas the control group performed traditional warm-up activities, encompassing aerobic exercises that will prepare the cardiovascular system and increase joint mobility for the upcoming effort during the class. Genome-wide DNAm analysis was performed with the Illumina 900 K microarray. Core genes were recognized based on the accomplishment of rigorous and widely accepted 3-point criteria: participation in the enriched pathways, high connectivity (≥ 10), and target genes of key transcription factors. There were 1200 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in the control group and 414 DMPs in the INT group (FDR 0.05) and a non-significant 1-month decrease of the epigenetic age in the INT group (p > 0.05). The genes with DMPs in the control group showed low similarity between enriched pathways and low interconnectivity, encompassing distinct pathways, mostly development and growth-related. Additionally, no core genes were identified in the control group. Interestingly, the genes with DMPs in the INT group showed high similarity between enriched pathways and high interconnectivity, encompassing related pathways involving signaling mechanisms and hormone and protein metabolism pathways. Moreover, 17 DMPs in the children from the INT group were in core genes. The main findings of the present study are suggesting an integrated response to the training stimulus in 7-9-year-old school children who performed a 3-month INT, including epigenetic modifications in 17 genes considered as core genesOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Wile
Chiral synthetic hosts for efficient enantioselective molecular recognition: design principles and synthetic aspects
No full textDiscrimination of enantiomeric substrate molecules is one of the fundamental properties of biological hosts. Replicating enantioselective molecular recognition with synthetic receptors is a topic of interest with implications in diverse applications such as bioinspired enantioselective catalysis, enantiomer separation, or sensing. In this review, five different systems reported in the literature are discussed, and their performance and versatility are analyzed. A recently reported host featuring a flexible scaffold challenges the long-established view that a high degree of preorganization in combination with strongly directional non-covalent interactions is required for efficient enantiodiscrimination. The review is complemented with an analysis of the synthetic effort required for each of the hosts presentedWe are grateful for financial support from grants TED2021-130573B-I00, PID2023-146498NB-I00 and REQ2021_B_05 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. We thank AGAUR/Generalitat de Catalunya for funding (2021SGR623
Cuinant una marca gastronòmica: el cas d'un municipi rural i industrial
No full textPresentació de Barbora Gulisova, investigadora postdoctoral de la Facultat de Turisme de la Universitat de Girona, sobre la creació d'una marca gastronòmica per al municipi de Sønderborg (Dinamarca
Breves notas sobre el soft law: su papel en el razonamiento jurídico y la racionalidad de su expansión
No full textSobre diferentes aspectos del soft law: una primera aproximación a las notas distintivas del soft law; el soft law y la fuerza latente del derecho no respaldado por sanciones; las recomendaciones jurídicas y soft law; las normas jurídicas no vinculantes, regla de reconocimiento y soft law; la incorporación y la recepción del soft law en el razonamiento jurídico y la proliferación del soft law y su racionalidad legislativ
Teixint complicitats: educació d'adults
No full textL'educació d’adults, diu la UNESCO, s'ha d'entendre com un projecte d’emancipació de les persones. Ara fa 50 anys, a les Pedreres de Girona i a Salt, es va posar la llavor de l’actual xarxa d'escoles d’adults de les comarques de Girona. Per tal de commemorar-ho, el Nucli Paulo Freire ha preparat l'exposició "Educació d’Adults: teixint complicitats" que, a més de fer una mica d'història, fa un èmfasi especial en la necessària alfabetització política i en els reptes de futur de l’educació al llarg de la vida. Perquè l'educació de persones adultes no només ha de garantir una alfabetització lletrada universal, sinó també l'accés als mitjans digitals, a la cultura científica, tecnològica i humanística, i a una informació veraç. Aquest document es publica per recollir l’exposici
Advanced antimicrobial surfaces in cellulose-based food packaging
No full textThis critical review provides a comprehensive framework for selecting engineered colloidal and nanostructured systems for cellulose-based food packaging. Meta-analysis was used as a methodological approach to categorize them according to antimicrobial agents, coating methods, and synergistic effects against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. The most frequent substrate is flexible packaging paper (35–70 g/m2, uncalendered), often intended for food wrapping. Among antimicrobial agents, chitosan-based coatings are a common choice—often combined with essential oils—being particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis). This is attributed to electrostatic interactions between the polysaccharide's protonated –NH3+ groups and teichoic acids within bacterial cell walls. Inorganic metal nanoparticles, such as ZnO nanorods and Ag nanoparticles, are broadly effective by compromising the membranes of various foodborne pathogens—including Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Terpenoid- or phenolic-rich essential oils—commonly delivered in emulsions or encapsulated in host-guest β-cyclodextrin complexes—inhibit the growth of yeasts and molds, besides some common bacteria when grafted onto bleached paper. Synergistic effects have been observed with complex coatings such as chitosan combined with CuONPs. Despite their promising performance, the widespread industrial adoption of cellulose-based active packaging in the food sector requires addressing not only antimicrobial activity, but also barrier properties and feasible methods to functionalize the paper surface (e.g., bar coating). These challenges, often overlooked, are critically assessed herein. All considered, further studies are required to address the challenges of cellulosic antimicrobial materials in a holistic manner to accelerate its large-scale implementation in the food sectorAuthors also wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities to the project NextPack (PID2021-124766OA-I00). Marc Delgado-Aguilar is a Serra Húnter FellowOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevier
Effects of Processing Conditions of a Ball-Milled Fe65Co35 Soft Ferromagnetic Alloy on the Structural, Thermal, and Magnetic Properties
No full textThe Fe65Co35 alloy is a well-known Fe-based soft ferromagnetic alloy with excellent soft magnetic properties, which make it a strong candidate to be used in technological applications. In the present work, synthesizing nanoscrystalline Fe65Co35 alloy by mechanical alloying is focused on, adding cyclohexane (C6H12) acting as a process control agent (PCA). PCAs are effective in favoring nanostructured alloys with uniform grain size. The production of this type of alloy is a promising approach to tune the magnetic hardness in Fe65Co35. Structural, thermal, morphological, and magnetic properties have been studied after milling for 10, 25, and 50 h with and without the PCA. In the structural analysis, it is shown that the cubic α-Fe(Co) phase is the predominant phase in all samples. The use of the PCA favors its nanocrystallinity; however, it slows Co diffusion into the Fe matrix. Thermal analysis detects an endothermic process between 525 and 575 °C in the samples milled with C6H12 only. This is associated with the transition of the residual Fe3Co superlattice, to the stable α-Fe(Co). The effect of the residual Fe3Co at room temperature on the magnetic properties is twofold, by decreasing the saturation magnetization of Fe65Co35 but increasing both remanent magnetization and coercivityEls autors agraeixen el suport del MICINN-AEI a través del projecte NEXUS (PID2020-115215RB-C21 i PID2020-115215RB-C22). L'EMP agraeix el suport de l'AEI a través del programa Juan de la Cierva–Incorporación (beca IJC2020-043011-I/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) i de la UE per NextGenerationEU/PRTR. L'IMDEA agraeix el suport del MICINN-AEI a través del Programa "Severo Ochoa" per a Centres d'Excel·lència en R+D (CEX2020-001039-S), i de la Comunitat de Madrid a través del projecte NANOMAGCOST (S2018/NMT-4321)Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Wile
Microcredenciales universitarias y el Pla Microcreds CAT a la UdG
No full textPresentación de Esther Barrabés, vicerectora de docència i planificació acadèmica de la Universitat de Girona, sobre la implementación del "Plan Microcreds CAT" en la Universitat de GironaPresentació d'Esther Barrabés, vicerectora de docència i planificació acadèmica de la Universitat de Girona, sobre la implementació del "Pla Microcreds CAT" a la Universitat de Girona