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¿Hazte fama y échate a dormir? : la utilización de las condenas previas de la persona acusada para probar su culpabilidad en un proceso penal
No full textBased on what the legal culture of common law has called character evidence, the work aims to analyze a particular type of evidence that falls into that category: the previous convictions of the accused person as evidence of his guilt in a criminal process. The analysis is based on the epistemic and non-epistemic reasons for including or excluding this type of evidence. The relevance of this evidence is addressed and certain criteria are proposed with the aim of determining when a previous conviction may be relevant and to what extent. Also the question of whether this type of evidence generates a prejudice to the defendant is addressed. Finally, the moral discussions are highlighted in relation to the principle of autonomy and the offender-based criminal law.Partiendo de lo que la cultura jurídica del common law ha denominado character evi-dence, el trabajo se propone analizar un tipo de prueba particular de dicha categoría: las condenas previas de la persona acusada como prueba de su culpabilidad en un proceso penal. El análisis se estructura a partir de los motivos epistémicos y no epistémicos para incluir o excluir este tipo de prueba. Desde allí, se aborda la relevancia de estas pruebas y, a su vez, se proponen determinados criterios con el objetivo de poder determinar cuándo una condena previa puede ser relevante y en qué medida. Asimismo, se aborda la cuestión vinculada a si este tipo de pruebas genera un per-juicio indebido. Por último, se ponen de relieve las discusiones morales con relación al principio de autonomía de la persona y la clásica sobre derecho penal de autor y derecho penal de acto1
El turisme regeneratiu en el context MICE: implementació de pràctiques regeneratives en esdeveniments MICE. El cas de la Costa Brava
No full textLa Costa Brava, reconeguda per la seva bellesa paisatgística i patrimoni cultural, ha experimentat un creixement significatiu dels esdeveniments MICE, consolidant-se com una eina pel desenvolupament econòmic i la desestacionalització turística. Davant l’actual context de crisi ambiental i social, es posa en qüestió el model turístic que consumim i generem, i sorgeixen noves tendències com el turisme regeneratiu. Aquest estudi té com a objectiu analitzar si s’estan aplicant pràctiques regeneratives en l’àmbit dels esdeveniments MICE a la Costa Brava, i de quina manera. La recerca s’ha realitzat mitjançant una metodologia qualitativa, basada en entrevistes semiestructurades a professionals del sector. Els resultats mostren un interès incipient cap al turisme regeneratiu, tot i que també s’evidencia una manca de coneixement i d’estratègia per la seva aplicació real i efectiva. Malgrat les limitacions, es comencen a obrir camins cap a un model de turisme més conscient, col·laboratiu i compromès.1
La presència del branding a les xarxes socials. Anàlisi del cas Decathlon
No full textEn un entorn digital en constant
evolució, el branding ha deixat de ser
només una qüestió d’identitat visual
per esdevenir una eina estratègica de
connexió emocional amb el
consumidor. Aquest treball analitza
com Decathlon, marca del sector retail
esportiu, projecta la seva identitat a les
xarxes socials i com és percebuda pel
públic.
El marc teòric inclou conceptes com el
branding digital, el branded content i
la construcció de comunitats. S’ha
aplicat una metodologia mixta: anàlisi
de contingut d’Instagram, sis
entrevistes en profunditat a usuaris
esportius i una enquesta.
L’objectiu és entendre fins a quin punt
les xarxes socials permeten transmetre
valors de marca, generar experiències
rellevants i fomentar una identitat
percebuda coherent. El treball
contribueix a reflexionar sobre l’ús
estratègic de les xarxes socials en la
comunicació de marca.1
El internamiento de menores en el derecho penal juvenil español. ¿Medida excepcional o respuesta habitual?
No full textThis paper aims to examine the extent to which the detention of minors is applied in practice as an exceptional measure, as required by national legislation and international human rights standards, or whether, on the contrary, it has become a routine response to certain crimes committed by minors.
To achieve this objective, an analysis of the applicable national and international legal framework will be carried out, paying particular attention to the principles of last resort, proportionality, and educational purpose that should govern all deprivations of liberty for minors. Furthermore, the legislative evolution of the Organic Law Regulating the Criminal Liability of Minors (LORPM) will be addressed, identifying the main reforms that have shifted the initially rights-based model toward a more punitive approachEste trabajo tiene como objetivo principal examinar hasta qué punto el internamiento de menores se
aplica en la práctica como una medida excepcional, tal como exigen la normativa nacional y los
estándares internacionales de derechos humanos, o si, por el contrario, ha pasado a constituirse en una
respuesta habitual ante ciertos delitos cometidos por menores.
Para alcanzar este objetivo, se llevará a cabo un análisis del marco normativo nacional e internacional
aplicable, poniendo especial atención en los principios de última ratio, proporcionalidad y finalidad
educativa que deben regir toda privación de libertad en menores. Asimismo, se abordará la evolución
legislativa de la Ley Orgánica Reguladora de la Responsabilidad Penal de los Menores (LORPM),
identificando las principales reformas que han tensionado el modelo inicialmente garantista hacia un
enfoque más punitivoAquest treball té com a objectiu principal examinar fins a quin punt l'internament de menors es
aplica a la pràctica com una mesura excepcional, tal com exigeixen la normativa nacional i els
estàndards internacionals de drets humans, o si, per contra, ha passat a constituir-se en una
resposta habitual davant de certs delictes comesos per menors.
Per assolir aquest objectiu, es durà a terme una anàlisi del marc normatiu nacional i internacional
aplicable, posant especial atenció als principis d'última ràtio, proporcionalitat i finalitat
educativa que han de regir tota privació de llibertat en menors. Així mateix, s'abordarà l'evolució
legislativa de la Llei Orgànica Reguladora de la Responsabilitat Penal dels Menors (LORPM),
identificant les principals reformes que han tensionat el model inicialment garantista cap a un
enfocament més punitiu1
La DANA a València: anàlisi de ladesinformació en mitjanstradicionals i xarxes socials
No full textAquest treball analitza la cobertura informativa de la DANA ocorreguda a València entre el 29 d’octubre i el 8 de novembre de 2024. L’objectiu principal és entendre com es va difondre la
desinformació i quins canals en van afavorir la difusió, tant als mitjans tradicionals com a les xarxes socials. S’han estudiat 151 peces publicades als diaris El País, La Vanguardia i Las
Provincias, i 31 publicacions compartides a X, Instagram i TikTok. La metodologia consisteix en una anàlisi de contingut quantitativa i qualitativa, i es complementa amb una entrevista al periodista Rafa Garrido.
Els resultats mostren que els mitjans tradicionals van mantenir un tractament informatiu responsable, tot i alguns moments de confusió. En canvi, les xarxes socials van ser focus de desinformació, amb teories conspiratives i imatges descontextualitzades. L’estudi conclou que la desinformació no només depèn de la intenció, sinó també del funcionament dels
canals, i posa en relleu la importància d’una educació mediàtica crítica i accessible en
situacions de crisi.1
Co‐Creation and Validation of a Social Media Resource for Mental Health Literacy Among Spanish Adolescents
No full textIntroduction This study aims to design (co-create) and validate a social media resource for mental health literacy (MHL) based on the interests of adolescents. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted between November 2023 and July 2024. The sample comprised 30 third- and fourth-year secondary school students and 10 teachers from three schools in Barcelona, along with 15 health professionals and 7 communication professionals. Co-creation data were collected through student focus groups, and the resource was validated via an online survey completed by the teachers and health and communication professionals. The findings are reported following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. Results As part of the resource co-creation process, students chose the: (1) theme (non-suicidal self-harm, and behavioural problems and anger management issues); (2) social media to be used for dissemination (TikTok's For You Page and/or Instagram); (3) format (1- to 2-min video featuring a young professional providing advice/tips and essential information in a friendly, approachable way); and (4) other aspects (use of trends and subtitles). Validation by professionals confirmed that the content, format and dissemination channel are appropriate for reaching adolescents. They also considered the resource useful, reported that they would use it with adolescents in their care, and said they would recommend it. The overall score for the proposed resource was 4.09 out of 5. Conclusions The co-creation process enabled the design of a social media resource for digital MHL that reflects adolescents' needs and interests. Future research should analyse the potential of such resources to promote MHL among adolescents and define their role within broader interventions. Patient or Public Contribution Adolescents, guided by a facilitator, co-designed a mental health resource that was subsequently validated by professionals in education, communication and healthResearch funding: the study received a research grant from the Research National Agency of the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain), co-financed by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (PID2021-127129OB-I00
Orthodox Private Law and Social Subordination
No full textIn Reciprocal Freedom, Weinrib offers a neat and powerful explanation of the relationship between private law, corrective justice, public law, and distributive justice. In the Kantian view, private law and corrective justice are conceptually prior to public law and distributive justice. The primary function of public law is to publicly determine and enforce private rights. Institutions of distributive justice are required to legitimize a system of private rights that creates the possibility of subordination. In this comment, I argue that Reciprocal Freedom is a justification for what I will call ‘orthodox private law’ that, because it neglects the place of distributive justice within private law, fails to secure genuine independence for all personsWith the support of Research Project PID2023-152057NB-I00, Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain).
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CSUC agreement with Cambridge University Press (CUP)1
The role of family and school during lockdown: Notable differences regarding children's satisfaction with their support
No full textStudying the support received from key agents in children's lives, family and school, from the point of view of the children themselves, will allow us to be better prepared to guide them in a post-pandemic scenario. The main objective is to study the perceptions and evaluations of students between the ages of 9 and 17 regarding the guidance and support they received during the pandemic, and more specifically the help they received from their family and school. With a quantitative design, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1216 children (M = 14.3; SD = 2.468), from five geographical areas in Catalonia, Spain. Two multiple regression models were built with a good fit (p <.001) and explanatory capacity (adjR2 = 0.42 and adjR2 = 0.45). One of the outstanding results is the huge difference between the children's satisfaction with the help received from their family (very high) and from school (very low). In addition, children who identify as non-binary as well as secondary school students show much lower average levels of satisfaction with the support they receive. The ultimate purpose of this article is to make proposals to strengthen personalization and support from the perspective of community socio-educational resilienceOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Wile
Red LED light irradiation increases the resistance against environmental stress of frozen bovine sperm thawed in suboptimal conditions
No full textThis work sought to test the positive effect of red LED light on frozen bovine sperm resistance to thawing in suboptimal conditions. Moreover, a preliminary study explores whether this improvement could have any repercussions on in vivo fertilizing ability. Thus, frozen bull semen straws (n = 16) were thawed (a) with irradiation for 5 min at 20 °C (2 min light, 1 min darkness, 2 min light; PHOTO); (b) without irradiation for 5 min at 20 °C (ET); or (c) through immersion into a water bath at 38 °C for 40 s as standard control (CONTROL). Sperm quality and preliminary, purely descriptive AI trials were performed. The PHOTO samples demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) improved percentages of intact acrosomes, progressive motility, DNA condensation and fragmentation, and viable sperm with high ROS/superoxides. The viability of PHOTO samples decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when compared with the ET ones. Overall results of both the PHOTO and ET samples were poorer than those of the CONTROL. Otherwise, the PHOTO straws yielded greater pregnancy rates (64.0% vs. 49.4% in CONTROL) when evaluated at two different farms. The results suggest that irradiating cryopreserved bovine sperm during thawing in suboptimal conditions could improve AI pregnancy rates, although more in vivo studies are needed to support this conclusionThis research was funded by the Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation, Chile (PCI-MEC-CONICYT 80150017 and ANID-FOVI210036); the Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (AGL2017-88329-R and PID2020-113320RB-I00); the Regional Government of Catalonia, Spain (2017-SGR-1229 and 2021-SGR-00900); and the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Spain (ICREA
Assessment of the experimental and numerical bond-slip law of various strengthening systems in reinforced concrete elements
No full textWith the emergence and diversity of various strengthening methods in fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthened reinforced concrete (RC), understanding and comparing the bond behaviour and active bond mechanisms of these different methods is crucial before their application. In this context, a general method applicable to various strengthening techniques employed to develop accurate bond-slip models and identify the active bond mechanisms is proposed. This approach is based on experimental load-slip behaviour data and does not rely on a predefined model shape. To this end, this paper presents an experimental study on various strengthening techniques, including externally bonded reinforcement (EBR), externally bonded reinforcement on grooves (EBROG), hybrid bonded (HB), and near-surface mounted (NSM), all tested under a single lap-shear test. Here, the results of single-shear bond tests are analysed to examine the manifestation of different activated bond mechanics from various strengthening techniques in the bond-slip law and to compare their bond behavioursThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033) [Project Refs. PID2020-119015 GB-C22 and PID2023-150934NB-C32]; the Generalitat de Catalunya co-funded by Banco Santander [Grant Number IFUdG 2021/01] and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033) [Grants Numbers PRE2021-100670 and RYC2021-032171-