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A Review of Franchising Research in Taiwan Social Science Citation Index (TSSCI) Database
Get PDFAbstract. This study investigated the current developmental state of research on franchise systems in Taiwan. A systematic literature review was conducted, in which studies published by the Taiwan Social Science Citation Index were used as the primary data and studies related to franchise systems were analyzed. The results showed that the most common types of research conducted by Taiwanese scholars were quantitative research (56.25%), case studies (25.0%), conceptual papers (12.5%), and qualitative research (6.25%). Of all the related topics investigated by Taiwanese scholars, entrepreneur traits, motivation for joining (or opening) a franchise system; performance; business types; and knowledge, technologies, and innovations were the most frequently explored. The most common theories examined were agency (22.22%), resource scarcity (16.67%), information asymmetry (11.11%), transaction cost (11.11%), intellectual capital(5.56%), resource dependence (5.56%), dynamic knowledge creation (5.56%), resource constraint (5.56%), social identity (5.56%), risk allocation (5.56%), and communication (5.56%) theories.Keywords. Systematic literature review, Taiwanese Social Science Citation Index (TSSCI), Franchise system.JEL. M10, L33, L52
Determinants of value added tax revenue in Kenya
Get PDFAbstract. Past studies that have been undertaken on the responsiveness of Value Added Tax revenues to changes in GDP in Kenya have found a positive relationship. However, the studies omit key determinants of tax revenues, such as the nature of the tax system, institutional, demographic and structural features of the economy. Due to this omission, the estimated income elasticities are unreliable for planning purposes, a situation that might be responsible for the recurring budget deficits. The specific objectives of thepaperare to establish the determinants of Value Added Tax revenue and assess yields responseto changes in bases and reforms. The paper uses Paul Samuelson's (1955) the paper are fundamental general equilibrium analysis of the public sector to derive its main results. The estimation results show that GDP elasticity is less than the elasticities with respect to monetary GDP, suggesting the existence of an underground economy. It is also found that tax yields respond with substantial lags to changes in its determinants and revenues are sensitive to reforms and unusual circumstances. The study concludes that Kenya’s Value Added Tax revenue is very responsive to changes in its determinants especially international trade. There is the challenge of creating a stable Value Added Tax system.Keywords. Tax revenue, Elasticity, Tax system, Underground economy, Unusual circumstances.JEL. H25, H24, H27
Will Secular Stagnation be the Result of Great Recession
Get PDFAbstract. While Keynesian and neo-liberal discussions on the reasons of and solutions to the last financial crisis have persisted to the present day, new argument from Lawrence Summers and Paul Krugman in late 2013 shifted the debate to the issue of secular stagnation. Opposed to the neo-liberal haplessness regarding a parsimonious analysis of the events of recent years in global economy, Keynesians argued that falling private investment across the advanced economies was the most alarming development that can pave the way for secular stagnation. In this paper, after looking at the main tenets of the above mentioned discussion we will contest the explanations of both strands of political economy, at the same time we will suggest that critical Marxist arguments, especially on falling rate of profit, have been increasingly relevant to this discussion.Keywords. Recession, Stagnation, Political economy, Keynesians, Marxists.JEL. B00, B24
The Effect of Public Sector Development Expenditures and Investment on Economic Growth: Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFAbstract. It is an established fact that there is strong association between investment and economic growth of a country but no such direct consensus had been developed on the type of investment. i.e. what are the different sectors in which investment has led to long term impact and did contributed to the growth. The current study in this regard will focus on investigating the relationship of Public Sector Development Programme (PSDP), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Private Investment with the growth. The study will use data from 1980-81 to 2015-16 in this regard and employ Johansen cointegration to investigate the long run relationship. It is found that with foreign direct investment, health expenditure and transport and communication expenditure has negative relationship in the long run. Where as private investment, education expenditure and expenditure on housing has positive relationship with growth. Based on these findings recommendations were totally investment centric with primary focus on reduction in taxes and other barriers to bring in more investment in long run. Beside taxation, recommendations were made on administrative balance both in tax system and public sectors which were made part of provincial domain after 18th amendment.Keywords. Public sector development programme, Foreign direct investment, Private investment.JEL. D92, O40, H51, H52
How do Different Age Groups Approach Work in Turkey?
Get PDFAbstract. The main purpose of this study is to understand the impact of age on work values and work centrality. The study was conducted in Istanbul, Turkey with the participation of 935 university graduate, corporate white-collar employees of large companies in Istanbul. In-depth interviews were conducted for the qualitative stage and a web-based survey was administered for the quantitative stage of data collection. An important contribution of this study is the emic items identified for the Turkish work context. These emic items are suggested to be incorporated to work values inventory for future research. The results indicated differences in work values among different age groups as well as changes among age groups in the level of importance of work.Keywords. Work values, Work centrality, Age, Turkey.JEL. J50, J60, J61
The distribution and determinants of Turkey’s FDI positions in Africa
Get PDFAbstract. This study investigates the key determinants of Turkey’s FDI positions in Africa by employing the gravity model. The major objective is to identify the core macroeconomic, socio-cultural, political, and governance-related determinants. PMLE is used in order to efficiently test the impact of dummy variables. Besides, three different models are estimated – the whole Africa, SSA and North African countries to investigate the variations in the FDI factors within the continent. The results illustrate that GDP size, per capita income, improvement in economic freedom and corruption levels, sharing common religion, improvement in easiness of doing businesses, and better political stability are attracting FDI from Turkey to Africa in general and SSA in particular. In the North African region, the FDI positions of Turkey are increasing in parallel to the GDP growth of Turkey, its import volume and the macroeconomic conditions of the hosting economiesh. Keywords. Turkey-Africa relations, Gravity model, FDI.JEL. B17, F21, C01, C23
What Makes Citizens Satisfied? The Influence of Perceived Responsiveness of Local Administration on Satisfaction with Public Administration
Get PDFAbstract. There is no other institution that people regularly have so much direct contact with as public administration, although people have different experiences with public administration. Some citizens feel comfortable when making contact with bureaucracy; some have rather negative feelings. Besides the factors ‘trust’ and ‘satisfaction’ with public administration, there might be one other relevant factor: ‘responsiveness’. Based on representative population surveys, this paper can show that the perception of administration as responsive is directly related to the user’s satisfaction with it, and that the main factor explaining perceived satisfaction with public administration is the reputation of the local public administration.Keywords. Public administration, Satisfaction, Responsiveness, Reputation.JEL. H83, H76, C12
Service innovation, experience marketing, and post-purchase behavior: The case of Team working in a direct marketing organization
Get PDFAbstract. Service innovation has been an emerging and important topic in Management and Marketing research. This paper conceptually and logically discusses the impact that service innovation can make on consumers’ post-purchasing behavior. It is argued that service innovation can influence on customer re-purchasing, indirectly, through experience marketing. Theoretical and practical implications are offeredKeywords. Service innovation, Experience marketing, Value perception, Repurchase.JEL. M30, M31, M32, L84
Explaining the Origin of the Anthropocene and Predicting Its Future
Get PDFAbstract. New interpretation of the Anthropocene is presented, the interpretation based on the rigorous analysis of the growth of human population and of economic growth in the past 2,000,000 years, which are found to have been hyperbolic. The Anthropocene appears to transcends the geological epochs of Pleistocene and Holocene. Anthropogenic impacts evolved over a long time on the canvas of hyperbolic growth of population. There were probably various stages of the Anthropocene in the past 2,000,000 years or even over a longer time. The current stage is distinctly different because now, for the first time in human existence, we are shaping our global future and even the future of our planet. This modern stage of the Anthropocene is characterised by the rapid growth of population, rapid economic growth, rapid consumption of natural resources and rapidly increasing impacts on the environment. All these features can be easily explained by characteristic properties of hyperbolic growth. Hyperbolic distributions are slow over a long time and fast over a short time. The origin of the Anthropocene can be explained as the natural consequence of hyperbolic growth of population. The mechanism of the Anthropocene can be also explained by referring to the mechanism of the growth of population. The beginning of the current stage of the Anthropocene is difficult or maybe even impossible to determine because anthropogenic impacts are likely to have been increasing monotonically. The future of the Anthropocene, which is also our future, is uncertain because it is dictated by many critical anthropogenic trends, but notably because the size of the world population is predicted to continue to increase at least until the end of the current century to a possibly unsustainable level and because the world economic growth follows now an unsustainable trajectory. Effects of the current human activities might affect global ecosystems for a long time into the future but we might not be there to see them. Keywords. The Anthropocene, Economic growth, Population growth, Mechanism of growth, Hyperbolic growth, Exponential growth, Future of the Anthropocene.JEL. A12, F01,Y80
Engendering the Welfare State: How Fa(i)r Are the Scandinavian Welfare States
Get PDFAbstract. Welfare state or state social provision is perceived as interventions by the state in civil society to alter social forces, including male dominance. A gender-neutral welfare state is not possible on the contrary gendered assumptions constitute the backbone of the welfare state regimes. Feminists have contributed to the literature immensely and categorization of welfare states from a gender-aware perspective has become a rich field that answers “what type of social security system with which assumptions, priorities and with what type of society provision?” The paper discusses the reform agenda and feminist welfare state utopia, “the real utopia”, in which both men and women can perform as autonomous, free individuals in the public and private spheres. In this regard, the Scandinavian states are far ahead compared to the rest of the world in terms of reforms undertaken, yet the question remains: Is the Scandinavian case a blueprint for “the Real Utopia”? The paper aims to answer this question primarily by presenting feminist economists concerns on welfare state regulations, the suggested reform agenda, secondly by analyzing and evaluating Scandinavian model in a historical and conceptual context.Keywords. Welfare state, Feminist economics, Scandinavian, Social policy, Parental leave.JEL. B54, H53, H55, I38, J29