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Fusion of arts and sciences: Academic future of universities in Pakistan
Get PDFAbstract. The paper explains the need for Universities in Pakistan to offer degree programs and courses that are multidisciplinary in nature so that graduate and undergraduate students learn the skills for future innovation idea management that then can be applied to sustainable, ecofriendly and green product development in digital space, engineering, bio technology or even social, political and economic policy initiatives with sensitized indigenous understanding of the local culture. The postmodern alignment of national, regional or local life styles of populations can be improved with innovation ideas with motivations from technical learning by doing from latest syllabus that is developed in Universities in Western countries in a way that the idea fusion of the indigenous richness in local expressions through various mediums of arts is directed to contemporary developments in scientific design formulation.Keywords. Education, Art and sciences.JEL. A10, A12
Technical efficiency: A study of smallholder rice farmers in Kilombero district, Tanzania
Get PDFAbstract. Smallholder farmers form the vast majority of rice producers in Tanzania. Nonetheless, smallholder production is known to exhibit inefficiency in production. This study sought to analyze the determinants of technical efficiency of production of smallholder rice farmers in Tanzania using the stochastic frontier method while ensuring theoretical consistency through monotonicity and quasi concavity checks. Results show that empowerment of the woman, gender, primary occupation, group membership of household head and fertilizer use by the household affect technical efficiency of production.Keywords. Technical efficiency (TE), TE scores, Monotonicity, Determinants, Tanzania.JEL. D61, G14, H21
International trade effects of a potentially revived Trans-Pacific partnership for North America
Get PDFAbstract. This paper analyzes the international trade relations of the United States, Canada, and Mexico with the now defunct Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP12) member countries currently and historically in order to provide insights for potential future effects provided United States decides to join the new Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP or TPP11) with the remaining original TPP countries. Using a gravity model estimation, we find that the existing free trade agreements (FTAs) between TPP12 countries (intra-TPP) and FTAs between TPP12 members and other countries (extra-TPP) have positively impacted trade in the 1980-2015 period. A revived TPP12 agreement promises to boost trade further.Keywords. International trade, Gravity model, Free trade agreements, Trans-Pacific partnership.JEL. F10
Export-led or household consumption-led growth in China: An empirical analysis
Get PDFAbstract. GDP growth dependence on various factors of the country during (1980-2013) 34 years has been estimated. Ordinary Least Squares Technique of regression is applied here. The results are indicative of incidence of devaluation in the Yuan taking real effective and nominal exchange rate. Further, incidence of systematic impact of capital formation on GDP growth is greater than that of the international trade and domestic household consumption expenditure. That signifies the importance of domestic economy in contrast to the general belief of external sector dependence of the Chinese growth.Keywords. Currency devaluation, GDP growth, Regression.JEL. F13, F43, O47, E21
Health and economic growth in Sudan: Cointegration and Granger causality analysis (1969-2015)
Get PDFAbstract. The relationship between human health and economic growth is complex. Its analysis is further complicated by the indicators used to measure health as indirectly observed. Improved health status requires increases in supply and demand for health care services driven by both economic and non-economic factors including GDP, GDP Per capita, inflation, population, fertility rates, life expectancy at birth, morbidity and mortality rates as well as education. On the other hand, health improvements measured for example by reductions in child mortality rates and increases in life expectancy rates have proven positive effects on economic growth. This study sought to explain the interplay between the state of health and economic growth in Sudan. The study is mainly an empirical investigation employing the econometric methods of Johansen cointegration test, the vector error correction modeling (VECM) and Granger causality analysis using annual time series data for the period 1969-2015. The cointegration test shows that a long-run equilibrium relationship exists between health status and economic growth. The VECM results show that health expenditure, under-five mortality and immunization have significant positive effects on economic growth in the long run, while total investment and CO2 emissions have no significant effect on GDP. In the short run, total investment and CO2 emissions have significant negative effect on GDP though in two years period. In the short run, GDP is mostly and significantly affected by total health expenditure and immunization but not by the under-five mortality rates. The error correction term has the correct negative sign showing that the dependent variable GDP converges to steady state equilibrium at speed of 32%. Granger causality analysis shows a unidirectional relationship running from GDP to health expenditure, while a unidirectional relationship running from under-five mortality rate to GDP is established. CO2 emissions are found to cause GDP with no sign of feedback effect. The study recommends that government should ensure macroeconomic stability in terms of stable growth, increase the resources to the health sector in order to achieve the under-five mortality MDG and effective coordination with donors to ensure full coverage of children immunization.Keywords. Health, Health expenditure, Economic growth, Cointegration, VECM, Sudan.JEL. H51, I10, F43
Analysis of relationships between monetary policy and balance of payments according to the monetary approach in Turkey (1990-2000)
Get PDFAbstract. One of the main objectives of an economic policy is to keep balance of payments in equilibrium. For this purpose, a number of approaches have been developed. In this study, by assesing alternative approaches, it is tried to analyse the relationship between the balance of payments and monetary parameters in Turkey. As far as the monetary approach is concerned, the study results found a close relationship between applied monetary policies and balance of payments in Turkey case.Keywords. Balance of payments, Monetary approach, Monetary policy.JEL. F30, E42,E52
Globalization, political orientation and wage inequality: From Donald Trump’s election to Angela Merkal’s re-election
Get PDFAbstract. The recent election results in US, Germany, Japan and China and vote for BRIXIT in Britian suggest that political outcomes increasingly relate to the economic, political and social orientation in both developed and developing countries. Countries that have not promoted social and economic harmony in the country - democracy eventually puts the pressure through the discontent local polity resulting in election outcomes similar to US presidential elections in 2016. To avoid anti-globalization feelings among local population and its negative outcomes, improving political orientation towards greater participation of local polity and investments in education in developing countries would result in more equality. The research is applicable to countries like India, China, Pakistan, Argentina, Sub-Saharan Africa who have all liberalised but still need to draw lessons from East Asia for their Industrialisation and Growth Promotion with early emphasis on Social and Institutional Development. Keywords. Democracy, Autocracy, Wage inequality, International trade.JEL. E24, F40, J30
Cinema semiotics: An application of Hodge and Tripp’s Paradigm/Syntagm approach
Get PDFAbstract. Various scholars have defined the term semiotics according to their understanding but with a unifying central meaning which is the study of signs. Two important aspects of semiotics are syntagm and paradigm. The organization of signs by chain is referred to as syntagm, while by choice it is referred to as paradigm. According to Hodge & Tripp (1986), as far as syntagmatic structures are concerned, texts are examined from three different angles or variables: space, time, and continuity. Moreover, in film the interpretations of individual, shots depend on both paradigmatic analysis (comparing it, not necessarily, with the use of alternative kinds of shots) and syntagmatic analysis (comparing it with preceding and following shots). This paper, applies the concept of Syntagm and Paradigm given by Hodge and Tripp to analyse the structure of two films from Nigeria’s film industries i.e. Kanywood and Nollywood industries.Keywords. Cinema, Semiotics, Syntagm, Paradigm, Film, Kanywood, Nollywood.JEL. Z00, Y90, H80