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The determinants of the intermediate products export: The case of Switzerland
Get PDFAbstract. International trade relations are an important aspect of the international economy. The form and structure of international trade has changed in recent years and this fact deserves particular analysis. Global value chains are an significant objectivity in today's times. It is noteworthy that global supply (or value) chains are basically the production networks that span multiple countries, with at least one country importing inputs (intermediate goods) and exporting production (final goods). Many products in today's era consist of intermediate inputs from other countries. The proportion of intermediate goods that a country exports helps it to become a key trading partner. Value-added imports have such an essential role in the exports of countries that they ultimately determine the price of final goods. Moreover, intermediate goods have the characteristic of being shaped on the basis of their technological level. That is, an input can be labour-intensive or technology-intensive. Virtually any commodity can be considered an intermediary. There is no clear definition of intermediate goods. This point, of course, makes it difficult to identify those factors which determine the exports of intermediate goods. In this reality the exports of intermediate goods are worthy of further research. The present study will attempt to investigate the determinants of intermediate goods exports using Switzerland as a case study. The methodology adopted is Linear Regression - Ordinary Least Squares (OLS).Keywords. Global Trade, Switzerland, Intermediate Product Exports, OLS.JEL. F10, F14, F40
Edward Nelson, Milton Friedman & Economic Debate in the United States: 1932-1972, Volume 1
Get PDFAbstract. Edward Nelson writes an intellectual history of Milton Friedman, who was a thought leader at the University of Chicago. Friedman is mostly known for his work in macroeconomics and policy, but he also did important work in microeconomics and statistics. His macroeconomic demand and supply framework extend into policy, where his work continues to influence economic debate.Keywords. Monetary policy, Milton Friedman, Economic debate.JEL. B21, D00, D20, D40
Protection of indigenous minority voting rights in the Ethiopian electoral system: The case of Harari National Assembly
Get PDFAbstract. During the time of the election, indigenous minorities face enormous problems and difficulties. At times, their basic democratic rights are not always freely exercised. This paper explores the challenges encountered by one of Ethiopia’s indigenous minorities, the Hararis, during the sixth national election in Ethiopia. A descriptive, qualitative research method was used to investigate the nature of the problem and resolutions came up. Primary data (published legal documents, court cases and formal letters) were collected from various sources. The National Election Board of Ethiopia has inadvertently attempted to prevent the rights of indigenous minority Hararis (living in other parts of the country) from voting for candidates that form the Harari National Assembly. The basic reasons for the National Election Board to do so have no legal justification and are challenged by the federal and regional constitutions, particularly by articles explicitly addressing minorities and Hararis residing outside the Harari region to vote. The final decisions made by the federal cassation court were found to be correct, fair, acceptable, and in concurrence with the federal and regional constitutions. The study found out that the federal and regional constitutions of the country play a prominent role in protecting the rights of minorities to vote.Keywords. Indigenous minorities; Harari National Assembly; Election; National Election Board of Ethiopia; voting rights.JEL. F21, F68, O53, K23
Kidney disease, donation, and transplantation in East Africa
Get PDFAbstract. The burden of kidney failure remains largely underreported in East Africa. Health systems face numerous challenges including a lack of kidney registries, shortages of trained skilled healthcare workers, a lack of diagnostic support, a lack of equipment, and underdeveloped policies to govern the provision of treatment for kidney failure. Kidney transplantation, an effective treatment option against kidney failure, is underused primarily because of its cost and the lack of laws governing it. In this paper, the author discusses the salient issues affecting kidney donation and transplantation in East Africa.Keywords. Risk factors, kidney donation, transplantation, compensation to donors, laws, costs, Uganda, East Africa.JEL. I11, I18
How to environmental, demographic, and geographical measure the environmental factors influence the spread of Covid-19
Get PDFAbstract. Italy was the first European country to experience a rapid increase in confirmed cases and deaths of the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This chapter explains how COVID-19 transmitted so rapidly in Northern Italy, analysing the underlying relationships between infected people and environmental, demographic, and geographical factors that influenced its spread. This study analyses data on COVID-19 cases alongside environmental data. This study finds out that cities with little wind, high humidity and frequently high levels of air pollution — exceeding safe levels of ozone or particulate matter — had higher numbers of COVID-19 related infected individuals and deaths. Overall, then, results here suggest that geo-environmental factors may have accelerated the spread of COVID-19 in Northern Italian cities, leading to a higher number of infected individuals and deaths.Keywords. Air pollution, Environment and health, Natural hazards, Risk assessment, Urban environment, Sustainable development and policy assessment, Sustainable Growth.JEL. Q12, Q13, Q15, Q18
Intergenerational transmission of culture among immigrants: Gender gap in education among first and second generations
Get PDFAbstract. This paper illustrates the intergenerational transmission of the gender gap in education among first and second-generation immigrants. Using the Current Population Survey (1994-2018), we find that the difference in female-male education persists from the home country to the new environment. A one standard deviation increase of the ancestral country’s female-male difference in schooling is associated with 17.2% and 2.5% of a standard deviation increase in the gender gap among first and second generations, respectively. Since gender perspective in education uncovers a new channel for cultural transmission among families, we interpret the findings as evidence of cultural persistence among first generations and partial cultural assimilation of second generations. Moreover, Disaggregation into country-groups reveals different paths for this transmission: descendants of immigrants of lower-income countries show fewer attachments to the gender opinions of their home country. Average local education of natives can facilitate the acculturation process. Immigrants residing in states with higher education reveal a lower tendency to follow their home country attitudes regarding the gender gap.Keywords. Gender Gap, Immigration, Human Capital, Education, Assimilation.JEL. J15, J16, Z13, I20
Dynamics of science under period of crisis and environmental threat
Get PDFAbstract. The purpose of this study here is to explain the dynamics and characteristics of research fields in the presence of crisis. This paper focuses on effects of global pandemic crisis of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in science dynamics. Results suggest that crisis-driven research field is characterized by an unparalleled velocity of scientific production that supports scientific and technological advances, open access and document type with short notes and papers. Understanding the dynamics of science and its consequences during the crisis is of critical importance for planning and allocating resources toward positive societal impact.Keywords. Dynamics of science, Research field, COVID-19, Pandemic crisis, Environmental threats, Crisis management, Scientific advances, Technological change.JEL. F21, F68, O53, K23
Are they willing to participate? A review on behavioral economics approach to voters turnout
Get PDFThis article investigates the fundamental factors influencing the rate and manner of Electoral participation with an economic model-based approach. In this study, the structural parameters affecting people's decision making are divided into two categories. The first category includes general topics such as economic and livelihood status, cultural factors and, also, psychological variables. In this section, given that voters are analyzed within the context of consumer behavior theory, inflation and unemployment are considered as the most important economic factors. The second group of factors focuses more on the type of voting, with emphasis on government performance. Since the incumbent government and its supportive voters are in a game with two Nash equilibrium, and also because the voters in most cases are retrospect, the government seeks to keep its position by a deliberate change in economic factors, especially inflation and unemployment rates. Finally, to better understand the issue, a hypothetical example is presented and analyzed in a developing country in the form of a state-owned populist employment plan.Keywords. Voters turnout, Behavioral economics, Bandwagon effect, Economic voters, Hyperbolic memory discount.JEL. A13, C70, D11
