Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji Pusat Jurnal Ilmiah
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Optimizing Policies for the Distribution of Social Assistance (BANSOS) and Direct Cash Transfers (BLT) to Ensure Targeting Accuracy and Improve Economic Welfare
Full text linkSocial Assistance (Bansos) and Direct Cash Transfers (BLT) constitute important instruments for poverty alleviation in Indonesia. However, their distribution often encounters targeting errors caused by inaccurate beneficiary data, nontransparent distribution processes, and potential program politicization. These targeting errors generate budgetary inefficiencies and undermine public confidence in the effectiveness of assistance. Consequently, policy reform of Bansos and BLT distribution assumes critical importance. This article aims to identify the primary obstacles in the distribution of Bansos and BLT and to formulate practical strategic policy solutions that enhance targeting accuracy and program effectiveness. The literature review further explores reform measures that can improve benefit distribution and promote more equitable improvements in community economic welfare. The research employs a literature-study approach to analyze policies, official reports, and relevant literature concerning Bansos and BLT distribution. The review covers regulatory frameworks, beneficiary data, and recommendations from academic and policy practitioners. The study recommends several key strategies, including updating beneficiary data using the National Identification Number (NIK); increasing transparency of distribution procedures; establishing independent oversight to prevent program politicization; strengthening digital infrastructure in frontier, outermost, and disadvantaged (3T) regions; implementing a responsive public complaints mechanism; and adopting multidimensional poverty indicators. Implementing the proposed strategic solutions should enhance the effectiveness of Bansos and BLT programs and thereby foster a more equitable and sustainable improvement in the economic welfare of target populations
DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS BASED ON SCIENTIFIC LITERACY ON THE MATERIAL OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
Full text linkThis research is research and development (R&D) to produced valid and reliable scientific literacy based cognitive assessment instrument. An assessment instrument was developed to measure students\u27 scientific literacy abilities on equilibrium material. This research aims to described the feasibility of the instrument in terms of expert validation, described the validity and reliability of the instrument in terms of empirical validation and described the scientific literacy abilities of class XI MIPA 5 students at SMA Negeri 4 Bengkulu City. The development model used in this research is the ADDIE model. The data in this research collected used a instruments needs questionnaire, validation sheet and product trial sheet. The subjects of this research were 184 from 3 different schools as validation subjects and 29 grade 11 MIPA 5 students at SMA Negeri 4 Bengkulu City for the 2023/2024 academic year as implementation subjects. The number of questions developed on this instrument is 23 multiple choice questions and 10 essays. The results of this research were: (1.) The expert feasibility assessment produced 21 multiple choice questions and 10 essay items worthy of being tested. (2.) The results of the empirical validity analysis using Rasch modeling with the help of the Winsteps program obtained 15 multiple choice questions and 9 valid essay questions. (3.) The results of the instrument reliability test obtained a Cronbach alpha of 0.92 or in the excellent category for multiple choice and 0.80 or in the good category for essays. (4.) The scientific literacy abilities of class XI MIPA 5 students were obtained by 6 students in the quite satisfactory category and 1 student in the satisfactory category
Penerapan Internet of Things untuk Penyiraman dan Pemupukan Tanaman Selada Merah Pada Metode Tanam Vertikultur menggunakan Bot Telegram
Full text linkIndonesia as an agricultural country with the majority of the population as farmers, faces the challenge of narrowing land due to the times with building construction and land clearing. In an effort to overcome this narrow area, the Verticulture method was used, where planting was carried out in stages or vertically. This method is suitable for growing vegetables, medicinal plants and ornamental plants, including red lettuce which has high economic value and is rich in nutrition. However, routine plant maintenance, such as watering and fertilizing, is often forgotten due to the busyness of plant owners. To overcome this problem, IoT technology is used with the Wemos D1 R2 Board as a substitute for Arduino, YL-69 sensors, water pumps, and Telegram Bots as a liaison with users. Testing of the IoT prototype system shows the success of the YL-69 sensor in reading soil moisture data and detecting the state of the planting medium. Water pumps and fertilizer pumps can function according to a predetermined humidity value and time. The water pump is successfully started according to the predetermined soil moisture value, which is more than 13000 and successfully turns off when the soil moisture value is less than 11500. The fertilizer pump is also successfully started according to the time determined using the RTC DS3231, namely on Wednesday at 08.00 and turns off after 1 minute.Indonesia sebagai negara agraris dengan sebagian besar penduduknya sebagai petani, menghadapi tantangan penyempitan lahan karena perkembangan zaman dengan pembangunan gedung dan pembukaan lahan. Dalam upaya mengatasi lahan sempit tersebut digunakan metode Vertikultur digunakan, dimana penanaman dilakukan secara bertingkat atau vertikal. Metode ini cocok untuk menanam sayuran, tanaman obat, dan tanaman hias, termasuk selada merah yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi, dan kaya akan gizi. Namun, perawatan tanaman secara rutin, seperti penyiraman dan pemupukan, seringkali terlupakan karena kesibukan pemilik tanaman. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, teknologi IoT dimanfaatkan dengan Board Wemos D1 R2 sebagai pengganti Arduino, sensor YL-69, pompa air, dan Bot Telegram sebagai penghubung dengan pengguna. Pengujian sistem prototipe IoT menunjukkan keberhasilan sensor YL-69 dalam membaca data kelembaban tanah dan mendeteksi keadaan media tanam. Pompa air dan pompa pupuk dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan nilai kelembaban dan waktu yang telah ditentukan. Pompa air berhasil menyala sesuai dengan nilai kelembaban tanah yang telah ditentukan yaitu lebih dari 13000 dan berhasil mati saat nilai kelembaban tanah kurang dari 11500. Pompa pupuk juga berhasil menyala sesuai dengan waktu yang telah ditentukan menggunakan RTC DS3231 yaitu pada hari Rabu pukul 08.00 dan mati setelah 1 menit
THE POLITICS OF LEGITIMACY: ANALYSING SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS IN YOGYAKARTA CITY 2020-2025
Full text linkPolitical legitimacy practised by the Yogyakarta City Regional People\u27s Representative Council (DPRD) is doubly present with the influence of Javanese culture that takes legitimacy for granted. This research aims to find out why the dominance of the Yogyakarta City Government is accepted as legitimate by the Yogyakarta City DPRD towards the community of social assistance recipients in 2020-2025 and describe the political oversight model. The method used is descriptive qualitative with shadowing techniques reinforced by interviews, which will try to find facts and realities in the field. The results showed that a new model was formed, namely double oversight, which constructs power according to Javanese culture carried out by the DPRD from the criteria of police patrol and fire alarm oversight. This is supported by the recognition of the community, which is quite solid against the background of the community\u27s alarming situation. This can be seen from the lack of involvement of DPRD in determining policies to accelerate the realisation of social assistance programs, and the power in making policies is dominated by the executive agency, in this case, the Mayor of Yogyakarta, which is influenced by Javanese power motives
Wajah Media Sosial Bagi Generasi X: Studi Pada Generasi X Desa Rengas
Full text linkPenelitian ini menjelaskan tentang penggunaan media sosial, khususnya facebook, oleh generasi X di Desa Rengas Kecamatan Payaraman Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Sumatra Selatan. Peneliti mengeksplorasi bagaimana media sosial yang digunakan tersebut, yakni facebook, tidak hanya dijadikan sebagai alat untuk berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi tetapi juga dijadikan sebagai alat atau media untuk berekspresi melalui konten yang diposting berupa gambar, video atau tulisan, pengoptimalan pendapatan melalui facebook generasi X bisa mempromosikan barang atau jasanya ke pasar yang lebih luas serta bisa mendapatkan penghasilan lebih besar, serta sebagai ruang publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, secara spesifik dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi partisipatif dan analisis konten dari profil facebook informan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa generasi X di Desa Rengas menggunakan facebook untuk berbagai macam tujuan yang melampaui interaksi dan komunikasi interpersonal. Facebook dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat untuk mempromosikan produk/jasa dagangannya, mendapatkan penghasilan tambahan melalui konten yang diunggah, berbagi pengalaman pribadi, mendapatkan dukungan sosial dan membangun jaringan usaha atau bisnis, serta menjadi tempat berkeluh kesah tentang masalah hidup dan keluarga yang dialami oleh generasi X tersebut yang kemudian akan mendapatkan respon baik berupa dukungan ataupun sebaliknya dari pengguna facebook lainnya. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan wawasan dan pemahaman mengenai dinamika penggunaan media sosial terutama facebook pada generasi X di wilayah pedesaan dan implikasinya terhadap perubahan sosial dan ekonomi
SOSIALISASI POTENSI SUMBER DAYA PESISIR DAN LAUT SEBAGAI MAKANAN SEHAT PADA SISWA SD NEGERI 005 TELUK SEBONG DESA PENGUDANG KABUPATEN BINTAN
Full text linkWilayah pesisir Desa Pengudang memiliki kekayaan hayati laut yang melimpah, seperti ikan, kerang, rumput laut, dan hasil laut lainnya yang memiliki nilai gizi tinggi dan berperan penting dalam mendukung pola makan sehat. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran siswa SD Negeri 005 Teluk Sebong, Desa Pengudang, Kabupaten Bintan terhadap potensi sumber daya pesisir dan laut sebagai makanan sehat. Melalui metode sosialisasi interaktif, presentasi visual, dan permainan edukatif, kegiatan ini memberikan pemahaman kepada siswa mengenai jenis-jenis sumber daya laut, manfaat gizinya, serta pentingnya menjaga kelestarian lingkungan laut. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman siswa terhadap pentingnya konsumsi makanan laut serta kesadaran menjaga ekosistem pesisir. Pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi langkah awal dalam membentuk pola pikir dan perilaku generasi muda yang peduli terhadap pemanfaatan sumber daya lokal secara bijak dan berkelanjutan
Interaksi Sosial Lansia di Rumah Bahagia Bintan
Full text linkKehadiran panti jompo sebagai respon jumlah lansia yang semakin meningkat. Lansia dalam panti jompo memiliki latar belakang yang berbeda-beda baik suku, agama, budaya, pendidikan, dll. Kondisi ini bisa mempengaruhi interaksi sosial antar lansia. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Bahagia Bintan dengan tujuan untuk melihat bentuk interaksi sosial antar lansia. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi. Adapun hasil penelitian adalah bentuk interaksi sosial antar lansia terdiri dari dua bentul yaitu asosiatif diantaranya: lansia saling membangunkan, membantu mencuci pakaian lansia lain, membantu mendorong lansia yang menggunakan kursi roda saat jalan pagi, membersihkan kamar lansia, bergotong royong, toleransi antar sesama, serta belajar bahasa daerah dan bahasa asing. Sedangkan interaksi sosial disosiatif diantaranya: perselisihan antar lansia, dan saling memfitnah lansia lain.Kehadiran panti jompo sebagai respon jumlah lansia yang semakin meningkat. Lansia dalam panti jompo memiliki latar belakang yang berbeda-beda baik suku, agama, budaya, pendidikan, dll. Kondisi ini bisa mempengaruhi interaksi sosial antar lansia. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Bahagia Bintan dengan tujuan untuk melihat bentuk interaksi sosial antar lansia. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi. Adapun hasil penelitian adalah bentuk interaksi sosial antar lansia terdiri dari dua bentul yaitu asosiatif diantaranya: lansia saling membangunkan, membantu mencuci pakaian lansia lain, membantu mendorong lansia yang menggunakan kursi roda saat jalan pagi, membersihkan kamar lansia, bergotong royong, toleransi antar sesama, serta belajar bahasa daerah dan bahasa asing. Sedangkan interaksi sosial disosiatif diantaranya: perselisihan antar lansia, dan saling memfitnah lansia lain
Distribution of Subsidized Fuel for Fishermen in The Utilization of Maritime Potential in Bintan Regency
No full textBintan Regency, an area with abundant maritime resources, heavily depends on the fisheries sector for its economic development, with a significant portion of the population working as fishermen. However, the full utilization of maritime potential in this region remains suboptimal, primarily due to limited access to subsidized fuel, a vital resource for fishing operations. Fuel subsidies have long been a financial and logistical challenge in Indonesia, exacerbated by declining domestic oil production and increasing reliance on imports. This study aims to investigate the impact of fuel subsidy distribution on fishermen’s livelihoods and the broader maritime economy in Bintan Regency. Using a qualitative research approach, data were collected through structured interviews with fishermen, local authorities, and maritime experts, as well as through analysis of secondary data from policy documents and academic sources. The findings indicate that while fuel subsidies are intended to alleviate the economic burden on fishermen, implementation inconsistencies, inadequate infrastructure, and bureaucratic hurdles have hindered their effectiveness. Many fishermen still rely on traditional tools and face high operational costs due to limited access to subsidized diesel, resulting in reduced income and economic insecurity. To address these issues, the Bintan Regency government has proposed increasing the quota of subsidized fuel and introducing digital systems such as fuel cards to improve distribution transparency
Maritime Paradiplomacy of the 15th-Century Malay Sultanate: An Inspirational Model for Contemporary Archipelagic Regional Autonomy in Indonesia
Full text linkndonesia, the world’s largest archipelagic state, faces complex maritime governance challenges stemming from a disconnect between its decentralized legal framework and its centralist administrative practices. Despite constitutional provisions allowing regional entities to engage in international cooperation, bureaucratic hurdles undermine the effectiveness of maritime paradiplomacy, particularly in regions such as the Riau Islands and North Maluku. This study aims to address this gap by examining the 15th-century Melaka Sultanate as a historical model of decentralized maritime diplomacy that can inspire modern policy innovations. Utilizing a qualitative historical-comparative method, the research juxtaposes Melaka’s port-based paradiplomatic mechanisms such as the empowered role of syahbandars and strategic diaspora networks with Indonesia’s current regulatory constraints. Primary data were sourced from historical manuscripts including Suma Oriental and Yingya Shenglan, while contemporary policies were analyzed through legal documents and regulatory simulations. The findings reveal that Melaka\u27s distributed sovereignty, pragmatic neutrality, and cultural diplomacy through maritime networks facilitated effective transregional cooperation, in stark contrast to Indonesia\u27s modern procedural stagnation. As a conclusion, the study proposes the revival of localized diplomatic authorities through "Maritime Autonomy Zones," the establishment of port curator councils, and the integration of cultural heritage in international engagement strategies. By recovering indigenous governance models, Indonesia can transform its peripheral maritime regions into vibrant centers of diplomatic and economic agency. This research not only bridges historiographical, legal, and policy domains but also offers a feasible pathway for strengthening Indonesia’s maritime sovereignty through culturally resonant decentralization
MODIFIKASI TEORITIK STRUKTUR JEMBATAN π ZAT WARNA TIPE D-π-A SEBAGAI SENSITIZER PADA SEL SURYA BERBASIS FENOL
Full text linkSalah satu jenis teknologi berbasis sel surya ialah Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Pada penelitian terkait DSSC zat warna menjadi topik paling banyak diteliti karena dengan memodifikasi struktur dari zat warna maka akan dapat meningkatkan kinerja dan efisiensi dari DSSC. Zat warna organik merupakan sensitizer (pemeka cahaya) yang sangat cocok digunakan untuk perangkat DSSC karena ramah lingkungan, berlimpah dan minim biaya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan fenol sebagai basis dan memvariasikan jembatan π dari molekul zat warna tipe D-π-A (Donor – Jembatan π – Akseptor). Jembatan π yang digunakan diantaranya butadiena, heksatriena, antrasena, fenantrena, bifuran dan bithiopen yang disimbolkan dengan Fπ1, Fπ2, Fπ3, Fπ4, Fπ5 dan Fπ6. Penelitian ini menggunakan Gaussian 16W sebagai program utama, Density Functional Theory (DFT) dan Time Dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) merupakan metode perhitungan dengan basis B3LYP/6-31G. Dalam menentukan efisiensi dari molekul zat warna sebagai sensitizer pada perangkat DSSC maka parameter perhitungan yang digunakan ialah serapan panjang gelombang maksimum (λmaks), nilai bandgap, energi eksitasi, ∆Ginj, ∆Greg, momen dipol, oscillator strength (f), tegangan (VOC), dan nilai Light Harvesting Efficiency (LHE). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, zat warna Fπ6 dengan variasi jembatan π bithiopen merupakan zat warna terbaik untuk dijadikan sebagai sensitizer dengan nilai bandgap 2,77 eV dan λ sebesar 456,96 nm menunjukkan zat warna mampu menyerap energi sinar tampak dari cahaya matahari. Sedangkan nilai momen dipol 9,78 D, energi eksitasi 2,71 eV, ΔGinj -1,39 eV, ΔGreg 0,52 eV, dan nilai VOC 1,44 eV menunjukkan semakin mudahnya proses transfer elektron pada zat warna dan dari zat warna ke perangkat DSSC