PURKH (E-Journals)
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Beyond Everything: The Role and Importance of Cybersecurity in Smart Era
Get PDFIn a world where everything is ruled by technology and software, it is very important that our personal and private files and details remain secure and undiscovered by other systems in the network. Today, the immediate way of sending any urgent information is through e-mails, WhatsApp etc., all of which is sent and travels through the network (public or private). A network is an interconnection of billions of computers, these computers are connected to each other. Though they cannot be accessed directly due to restrictions and different protocols and nature of different systems, but it is not impossible. There have been many major (serious) cyber-attacks in the past three decades. Even today situation is that developed counties are interested to do launch trade war or cyber war against their enemy nation except a physical war (without killing anyone, demolishing a nation financially). Note that many computer criminals are wanted till date. Now days, everything from money transaction, sending or sharing important/ confidential information and even in hospitals medical equipment like in an oxygen cylinder the pressure and speed of the devices are all monitored by machines that are operated on software. So, any unauthorized access into any software with criminal intention not only affects property but also tampers with health of people (or patient or citizen of a nation). So, to detect any kind of intrusion into a software or system, many researchers recommend to use Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), but still unable to secure systems completely. Hence, this research article provides the essential information like importance of keeping user’s information private and secure, algorithms that can protect the system from intrusion, vulnerabilities in network and the major cyber-attacks in history (in previous decade) and how to prevent yourself from such kind of attacks and to be aware (with providing several rules, policies, digital forensics, threat hunting, etc.) in this smart era
Does the Standard Model of Particle Physics Suffer from a Mass Problem?
Get PDFIn the Standard Model of particle physics massive fermions (quarks and leptons) and bosons (W^+-, Z^o, H^o) are needed. However, the logic of nature requires that the universe emerged out of the vacuum and therefore all elementary particles should be massless. To test, whether this requirement is consistent with the mass structure of the Standard Model, corresponding mesonic states as well as the systems Z^o(91.2~GeV), W^+-(80.4~GeV) and 0^+(126~GeV) have been investigated in a unified theory of all forces including gravity, in which all needed parameters are constrained by basic boundary conditions.
The results show indeed that for these states all basic boundary conditions are fulfilled. Thus, the quarks and massive bosons of the Standard Model should be interpreted as effective particles composed of massless elementary fermions and bosons, in full agreement with the structure of the universe
Characterization of Nanocrystallite CdAl2SO3 Thin Films Produced by Inexpensive Chemical Bath Techniques for Photonic Device Applications: The Influence of Annealing Temperature
Get PDFQuaternary nanocrystallite (CdAl2SO3) thin films have been synthesized by the method of chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique using a reaction bath containing cadmium chloride, thiourea, and Aluminium sulphate octadecahydrate at room temperature. The thin films are white in colour and strongly adherent to the substrate. The materials were annealed at various temperatures of 150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C before characterizing. The XRD results showed that the CdAl2SO3 thin films crystallize as binary-phase compounds of CdSO3 and Al2O3. The material has good absorbance at room temperature compared to annealed temperature. Annealing has little or no effect on the transmittance of the film material. The absorption coefficient increases with annealing temperature. The reflectance decreases with annealing temperature. The direct bandgap of the CdAl2SO3 thin films ranges from 3.70eV to 3.9eV. The thickness of the films ranges from 207 nm to 879 nm. The SEM micrographs reveal homogenous and densely packed grains with unequal sizes and shapes. The high absorption in the UV-Vis regions makes the material suitable for thin films absorber solar cells. The direct bandgap of the thin films makes them applicable in optical devices such as LEDs and semiconductor laser
Thermal Properties of Pineapple Leaf Composite and its Suitability as a Viable Alternative for Efficient Roofing Material
Get PDFFor self-cooling building designs, the thermal properties of pineapple (Ananas Comosus) stalk composite were investigated and compared with those of asbestos with a view to establishing its suitability as ceiling material. Sample boards from pineapple leaves were prepared by drying and grinding, then forming them into boards without an external binder. The major parameter, thermal conductivity К was determined using Lee’s Disc apparatus. Other parameters determined were specific heat capacity c, density ρ, thermal resistivity ρth, thermal diffusivity λ, and thermal absorptivity α, were determined by using the appropriate experimental methods or calculations. The thermal conductivity of Ananas Comosus was determined to be 0.0719±0.0007Wm-1K-1. Using the same Lee’s Disc apparatus method, the thermal conductivity of the commercial asbestos ceiling sheet was measured to be 0.195Wm-1K-1. This value is about 85% of the value (0.17Wm-1K-1) \) quoted in textbooks. Our pineapple stalk sheet is clearly a poorer heat conductor than the asbestos sheet. Other parameters determined here – the specific heat capacity, the thermal diffusivity, etc, support our findings that the investigated material can serve as a good material for efficient “cool roof” building desig
Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Leontice Leontopetalum- A Review
Get PDFPhytochemical analysis showed that Leontice leontopetalum contained many quinolizidine alkaloids, tannins, phenolic, flavonoids and many other bioactive contents. The pharmacological studies revealed that Leontice leontopetalum possessed antioxidant, antidiabetic, convulsant and anti convulsant, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase cardiovascular and smooth muscle contractile effects. The current mini review discussed the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Leontice leontopetalum
An Experimental Research On The Chemical Nature Of Rusting
Get PDFCorrosion of iron occurs by rusting. Rust is a form of a hydrated oxide(s) of iron formed as a result of chemical reactions of iron with the atmosphere. This ‘atmospheric rust formation’ is a slow process. Iron is a chemically ‘active’ element and possesses the tendency to react with other reagents spontaneously. Artificially ‘rusting’ may be induced readily by the use of suitable chemicals and little energy input. Such reactions and methods help us to study the rusting process in a vivid manner. This technique relies on the main usage of acids and electricity. Experiments were carried out to study the ionization of iron and its subsequent oxidation into higher oxidation states with suitable conditions and have been elaborated in this paper
Medical Benefit of Lallemantia Iberica- A review
Get PDFLallemantia iberica (Family: Lamiaceae) is used traditionally as stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, in the treatment of common cold, coughing, stomach and abdominal pain. It produced many secondary metabolites such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpen, mucilage and oil. It possessed many pharmacological effects included analgesic, antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The current review discussed the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lallemantia iberica
Biosorption Study of Zn(Ii), Cu(Ii), Pb(Ii) And Cd(Ii) Ions by Palm Leaves Activated Carbon
Get PDFThe aim of the present study is to investigate the efficiency of palm leaves activated carbon on the removal of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) from the aqueous solution. The effect of various process parameters such as pH (2 – 10), initial metal ion concentration (50 – 1000 mg/L), particle size (125, 500, 800 μm), and temperature (303, 313, 323 K) was studied using batch adsorption technique. Thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated. The maximum metal ion removal efficiency of 94.5, 94.1, 87.4, and 90.7% for Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu, respectively, was reached at an optimum pH of 5, biosorbent dosage of 1.0 g, and initial metal ion concentration of 50 ppm. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model best described the removal of metal ions on palm leaves activated carbon with high correlation coefficients (0.98 – 1.00). The adsorption process was found to be favorable since the intensity of adsorption, n lies within 1 to 10. The adsorption capacity values were 40.0, 38.3, 38.0, and 40.00 mg/g for lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd), respectively. The metal ion adsorption was also found to be endothermic in nature. The efficiency was increased with an increase in temperature implying the process should be performed at a controlled temperatur
A Proposed Style to Rationalize Decision-Making in Public Policy Making in Gulf Cooperation Countries
Get PDFThe approach of this paper is both normative and analytical. The normative aspect intends to present one possible rational approach, i.e., Multigoal Analysis, to address the challenges posed by some types of public policy problems in the Gulf Cooperation Countries and to help provide manageable information on public policy problems to address uncertainty surrounding them. Many important public policy issue areas present considerable challenges to policymakers in the Gulf Cooperation Countries. The traditional economic tools such as cost-benefit analysis (CBO) and cost-effectiveness (CE), emphasize the criteria of efficiency and admit only quantitatively monetized criteria. Therefore they are not suitable for some ill-structured types of public problems encountered by the Gulf Cooperation Countries policymakers because they involve many criteria. Unlike the economic tools, the Multigoal approach integrates economic, social, political, administrative as well as other types of criteria that are important to policymakers in the Gulf Cooperation Countries. Unfortunately, at present policy advisors in the GCC in different areas of ill-structured problems are drawn from economists and business administration specialists who, by their very training, do not consider any criteria beyond efficiency and effectiveness. The analytical side of the paper seeks to review critically in public policy analysis the literature and to analyze the particular political context in the Gulf Cooperation Countries and the types of public problems it produces
An Investigation Into How Insecure Attachment Styles (Attitudinal Factors) of Men in the Security Forces Contribute to the Increase of Murder/Suicide Rates Within Eight Parishes In Jamaica
Get PDFOne of the most noticeable components of the recent years (2011-present) of social change in Jamaica is the increases in the murder/suicide rates. The objective of this research is to identify, address and correct the factors relating to the insecure attachment styles of these men. This research utilized a quantitative method with cross-sectional design. Participants in this research were 100 Jamaica men (60 policemen, 20 soldiers and 20 security guards). The data was collected primarily through questionnaires. Participants were selected by way of cluster sampling. The data was analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), Version 21.0. The results suggested that the further widespread incidents of murder-suicide become in Jamaica, the more likely it is that men with access to legal firearms such as police, security guards and soldiers will gradually use murder-suicide incidents to settle disputes and separations in very traumatic intimate/romantic partner relationships. This research concluded that insecure attachment style, low self-esteem and high aggressive persona (attitudinal factors) do contribute to murder-suicide incidents among police, security guards and soldiers in Jamaica