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Influence of Climate and Non-Climatic Factors on Global Food Security Index: A Cross-Sectional Country-Wise Analysis
Get PDFThe present study estimates the influence of climatic and non-climatic factors on global food security (GFSI) for 103 across countries. It also identify that which group of countries is highly vulnerable in food insecurity due to climate change and variability in socio-economic variables. For this, global food security index (GFSI) which is created by Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) considers as a dependent variable, that is regressed with climatic factors (i.e., annual mean temperature and annual precipitation) and non-climatic variables (i.e. cereal yield, per capita land under cereal production, population growth rate, consumer price inflation and forest area) using linear regression model. Estimates indicates that climatic factors (i.e., mean temperature and precipitation) show a negative and statistically significant influence on GFSI. Furthermore, empirical results based on ordinary least square (OLS) model shows that GFSI may be decreased by 1.70% with 1% increase in mean temperature. GFSI has also negatively influenced with rising population growth rate and inflation. Lower and low income group countries are most vulnerable as compared to high income group countries. The major findings of this study suggested that price inflation and high population growth rate are most responsible variables for food insecurity in most developing countries like India
Understanding female motivation for entrepreneurship in Mena region: The case of Algeria
Get PDFAlgerian women have opened up to entrepreneurship, to challenge traditional attitudes and environmental constraints. Female entrepreneurship is part of women's struggle to achieve their freedom and dignity against the culture of arginalization. This can be regarded as an insurgency action against the culture of submission. In order to be able to help the movement of female entrepreneurship in the countries of the South, the understanding of their socio-cultural characteristics is necessary. These socio-cultural attitudes are the result of the socialization of women in their ocieties. Salman et al. (2012) concluded that "the socialization of girls in Morocco does not contribute to developing their self-confidence, their autonomy, their sense of risk and their taste for innovation: the skills yet necessary in every individual who wishes to develop and manage his own”.Despite the socio-cultural changes that have been experienced by the Algerian society, and MINA Region in general, there are always resistance and clashes with traditions.In order to study the manifestations of socio-cultural attitudes, the resistance against the emancipation of women, the insurrection of female entrepreneurs and the desire to liberate themselves from the social traditions that limit their ambitions, the results of a Questionnaires are being exploited, as well as interviews conducted with women entrepreneurs in Algeria.The aim of this communication is to clarify the motivations behind the participation of Algerian women in the entrepreneurial fields, which is often expressed as the rejection of a socio-cultural reality, more than an economic need
The Morphological Classification and Protection of The Central Coastline: Implications for Coastal Erosion Management in Ghana
No full textThe study sought to classify the coastline between Cape Coast and Sekondi and to evaluate the measures put in place to manage and control sea erosion. It involved field observation and community interactions. Satellite and photographic images were used to present the data with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS). It was observed that the central coastline is made of alternating sandy and rocky characteristics. The rocks around Cape Coast were mainly metamorphosed schist, originating from igneous and metamorphic outcrops. Those from Komenda to Sekondi were mostly Sekondi sandstone. In all, it can be said that about 40-45% of the coastline under study that is, between Ekon and Sekondi, is rocky and mainly made up of granite and sandstone. It was also revealed that both hard and soft structures have been used as sea defense mechanisms to manage and protect the shoreline. There is both governmental and community initiatives to ameliorate the dangers of coastal erosion. The paper therefore recommends that human activities that aggravate the natural causes of sea erosion should be stopped. Moreover, any attempt to control sea erosion should be done based on the nature of the coastline and also with the involvement of the local communities to ensure commitment and community ownership
Towards an Entrepreneurship Curriculum in a Developing Country Tertiary Institution: The Case of Zimbabwe Open University
Get PDFEntrepreneurial activities are considered crucial to economic development. In the case of Zimbabwe, unemployment has reached unprecedented levels because of the shutting down of industries. However, economic development can be resuscitated through higher education which is perceived as an instrument for entrepreneurship promotion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the need for an entrepreneurship curriculum in universities in developing countries such as Zimbabwe and the support needed in the implementation of such a curriculum. The study used a qualitative paradigm and adopted a case study design. The instrument used for the study was an open-ended questionnaire (Quester-view) and a study of literature documents was also undertaken. The sample of the study consisted of 14 full time and 10 part time lecturers. The findings were that an entrepreneurship curriculum was highly needed and the content for such a curriculum had to embrace business management courses, vocationalisation of learning and monitoring and evaluation of business operations. These areas were to be infused in every course of the university. The informants suggested that the curriculum was to be imparted using the hands-on methodologies that included field trips, attachments, use of ICT’s, videos, conferences and seminars and guided discovery and projects. Suggestions on assessment strategies and on the support to be offered were also proffered. The study recommended, inter alia, that universities in developing countries should have an entrepreneurship education curriculum across all subject areas, an entrepreneurship curriculum should to go hand in glove with a STEM curriculum in a university, and that there is need for full support of entrepreneurship education from all stakeholders
Herdsmen Debacle in Nigeria: The Implication on Stability and Food Security.
Get PDFThe associated crises with herdsmen and farmers activities in Nigeria have become worrisome in the recent time. Such crises have affected negatively, the supply of food in one hand, and stability on the other hand. Most farmers have lost their life and property, while, some have been forced to vacate their farmland and relocate to safe environment for fear of attack by the herdsmen. Despite the various attempts by individuals, organizations and government at addressing this menance, the needless crisis has continued unabated. Based on this, the paper examined the various factors responsible for herdsmen clashes with farmers and the effect of such on stability and food security. The paper employed the use of secondary data for its analysis. It was observed that the crisis was as a result of natural climate change, pressure on land resource, destruction of crops and cattle rustling. The paper recommended semi-intensive system of farming, ranching, restricted open grazing and the use of traditional and native approach for conflict resolution