Ecoforum Journal (University of Suceava, Romania)
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The structure and dynamics of public expenditure in post-pandemic Romania
No full textPublic spending in Romania in the post-pandemic period was influenced by several factors such as the need for economic recovery, support for the population and the private sector, and adaptation to new economic and social realities. In this article we intend to study the evolution and structure of public spending grouped according to economic classification to highlight the changes that have taken place in the way of allocating public financial resources and the causes that have led to the increase of public spending.
The article starts with the review of the literature in which we will present some aspects of the literature on the concept of public expenditure and its content, as well as the classification of public expenditure according to the economic criterion. In the second part of the paper we will analyze the dynamics and structure of public expenditure in the general consolidated budget of Romania in the period 2020–2024 based on official data that can be found on the website of the ministry of finance in section „Information on budget implementation”. The analysis shows that in the period 2020-2024, public spending in Romania recorded a steady and pronounced growth. At the level of total public expenditure, there is a significant change in their volume from 424455,2 million lei in 2020 to 727072,4 million lei in 2024, which represents an increase of 71.29%
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL INNOVATION IN THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM IN CASE OF CHINA
No full textThis study delves into the Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Fund (SIE Fund) in China, analyzing its influence on the nation\u27s social entrepreneurship ecosystem. The research examines how public policy initiatives, particularly through the SIE Fund, catalyze innovation within social enterprises and impact the broader social entrepreneurship landscape. Employing a multidisciplinary approach and leveraging advanced analytical techniques alongside rich empirical data, the paper uncovers unique attributes of SIE Fund-backed initiatives. These initiatives demonstrate notable differentiation in product, process, marketing innovation, and the development of novel or enhanced social practices compared to their predecessors. The findings underscore the pivotal role of public policies in fostering expansion, diversity, and innovation within the social entrepreneurship sector. This is particularly relevant in the context of China and extends to East Asian countries with strong governmental influence facing similar socio-economic challenges. The paper contributes significantly to the understanding of how social entrepreneurship and social innovation interplay within entrepreneurial ecosystems in emerging markets. It offers invaluable insights for policymakers and practitioners aimed at enhancing support frameworks for social entrepreneurship, especially in regions confronting analogous structural and demographic hurdles
DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LITHUANIA, LATVIA AND ESTONIA: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCES
No full textIn the 21st century, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as one of the most important factors with a major impact not only on the productivity and competitive advantage of companies, transforming labour, goods and services, and capital markets, but also influencing the growth of the global economy. After describing the AI concept, the stages of its development and analysis of scientific literature, the paper explores the specificities of the AI use in 2021-2023 in companies in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and the EU-27 countries. It compares the share of enterprises using AI and analyses differences by size, sector, type of technology used, purpose of use and mode of acquisition. It explains the reasons that most often hinder the use of AI. The analysis shows that the share of enterprises using AI in any Baltic State was below the EU-27 level, but in some groups of enterprises the rate of change in the Baltic States exceeded the EU-27 growth rate. To ensure that the most significant changes do not go unnoticed and to provide longer-term insights, this study should be continued
Strategic Performance and Competitive Edge in the Aviation Industry: Insights from the Balanced Scorecard Approach
No full textThe aviation sector, marked by fierce rivalry, complicated operational dynamics, as well as changing consumer expectations, demands an extensive framework to analyze and enhance its strategic performance. The current study examines the application of the (BSC) framework to evaluate strategic performance, together with a particular emphasis on establishing a competitive advantage in the aviation industry in general. This research examines the link among “key performance indicators” across four domains of the (BSC) “financial, customer, internal processes, and learning & growth” utilizing a sample comprising 388 ground personnel and customers across three different airports throughout Northern India. This research enhances the current literature by providing empirical evidence into the perceptions of ground personnel, a vital operational aspect of aviation, regarding the use of the Balanced Scorecard across their working environment. Finally, the results will make a contribution to both the field of academia along with the practical management practices employed within the aviation sector.
EMERGING TRENDS IN TOURISM: A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION OF GEOTOURISM, GEOPARK, AND GEO-HERITAGE IN INDIA
No full textBackground of the study: An emerging sustainable tourism sector with global growth is Geotourism (GT). GT is very much beneficial in this context. It can conserve geosites and impart education to visitors, and at the same time, it can improve the local economy. Only little research has been done in this field though tourism promotion has a huge scope. Aim: Geological tourism, which has recently adopted natural and cultural geoheritage, has been understood to be more \u27geographical\u27. This connection betwixt GT along with cultural heritage is largely unexplored. Yet, it signifies an opportunity to offer socio-cultural and economic benefits as GT supports cultural values and interests. Thus, this study examines India\u27s emerging form of Sustainable Development (SD) and conservation of GT, geopark, and geoheritage. Methods: Data has been taken from 322 respondents from various geoparks in India by using a descriptive positivist approach and quantitative technique. Results: As per the findings, in response to visitors\u27 perceptions, the government focuses on conserving geoheritage resources, promoting products, and collaborating with experts and community representatives for culturally sensitive development.
STRATEGII LINGVISTICE ÎN PROMOVAREA TURISMULUI: CREȘTEREA IMPLICĂRII CLIENȚILOR
No full textThis study explores the relationship between linguistic strategies in tourism promotion and their measurable impact on tourist engagement and arrivals. Focusing on India’s Incredible India and Spain’s I Need Spain campaigns, the research combines content analysis, tourism statistics, and interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks from linguistics, marketing, and cultural studies. The findings demonstrate that emotionally resonant language, metaphorical framing, cultural coding, and multilingual accessibility are not merely stylistic choices but pivotal tools that influence tourist perceptions and behavior. Both case studies illustrate how strategic language use can foster brand identity, increase emotional connection with audiences, and drive significant growth in tourism numbers and revenue. The paper argues for a more deliberate integration of linguistic awareness into tourism marketing and policy-making and provides actionable recommendations for destination branding in a globalized, competitive tourism landscape.Acest studiu explorează relația dintre strategiile lingvistice în promovarea turismului și impactul lor măsurabil asupra implicării turiștilor și a numărului de sosiri. Concentrându-se pe campaniile Incredible India din India și I Need Spain din Spania, cercetarea combină analiza de conținut, statisticile turistice și cadrele teoretice interdisciplinare din lingvistică, marketing și studii culturale. Rezultatele demonstrează că limbajul cu rezonanță emoțională, utilizarea metaforelor, codificarea culturală și accesibilitatea multilingvă nu sunt simple alegeri stilistice, ci instrumente esențiale care influențează percepțiile și comportamentele turiștilor. Ambele studii de caz ilustrează modul în care utilizarea strategică a limbajului poate consolida identitatea de brand, poate spori conexiunea emoțională cu publicul și poate genera o creștere semnificativă a numărului de turiști și a veniturilor din turism. Lucrarea susține necesitatea unei integrări deliberate ale elementelor lingvistice în marketingul turistic și în elaborarea politicilor, oferind recomandări concrete pentru construirea imaginii destinațiilor într-un peisaj turistic globalizat și competitiv
EXPLORAREA LEGĂTURII STRATEGICE DINTRE CUNOȘTINȚE ȘI INOVARE ÎN GENERAREA AVANTAJULUI COMPETITIV: O ABORDARE BIBLIOMETRICĂ A COMPETENȚELOR DE BAZĂ
No full textToday\u27s business environment drives managers to identify and develop those analytical tools that will help them to identify those technologies to ultimately gain a competitive advantage.
This paper analyzes the crucial role that SMEs and multinationals play in the context of evolving capitalism, highlighting their significant contribution to global and local economic development. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of the relationship between innovative knowledge and sustainable competitive advantage for both SMEs and multinationals. The analysis highlights the impact of SMEs in diversifying markets and stimulating economic growth, particularly in Europe, as well as the widespread influence of multinationals on the dynamics of capitalist economies. It also examines how large corporations exploit knowledge management to support continuous innovation processes. In this context, the relevance of a bibliometric analysis of core competencies is highlighted in order to better understand research trends in the field and to identify strategic directions that can strengthen the competitive advantage of organizations in a changing economic environment.
Therefore, the need to study the topic of this report is essential for the personal, professional and social growth and development of individuals, as well as for the progress of society as a whole.Mediul actual al afacerilor determină managerii să identifice și să dezvolte acele instrumente analitice pentru a-i ajuta să identifice acele tehnologii cu scopul de a dobândi în final avantajul competitiv.
Această lucrare analizează rolul esențial pe care SMEs și MNCs îl joacă în contextul evoluției capitalismului, subliniind contribuția lor semnificativă la dezvoltarea economică globală și locală. Se pune un accent deosebit pe importanța relației dintre cunoștințele inovatoare și obținerea unui avantaj competitiv durabil, atât pentru SMEs, cât și pentru MNCs. În cadrul analizei, se evidențiază impactul SMEs în diversificarea piețelor și stimularea creșterii economice, în special în Europa, alături de influența extinsă a MNCs asupra dinamicii economiilor capitaliste. Totodată, este analizat modul în care marile corporații valorifică managementul cunoașterii pentru a susține procesele de inovare continuă. În acest context, se evidențiază relevanța realizării unei analize bibliometrice privind competențele de bază (core competencies), pentru a înțelege mai bine tendințele cercetării în domeniu și pentru a identifica direcțiile strategice ce pot consolida avantajul competitiv al organizațiilor într-un mediu economic aflat într-o continuă schimbare.
Prin urmare, necesitatea studierii topicului din prezentul raport este esențială pentru creșterea și dezvoltarea personală, profesională și socială a indivizilor, precum și pentru progresul societății în ansamblu.  
IMPACTUL FONDURILOR EUROPENE ASUPRA DEZVOLTARII ECONOMICE A ROMANIEI - O ANALIZĂ BIBLIOMETRICĂ ȘI EMPIRICĂ
No full textEuropean funds are one of the keys to boosting the business environment in Romania, a key through which jobs can be generated.
The objective of the European Union, through European subsidies, is to reduce the existing economic disparities between European regions, the emphasis being placed on economic harmonization that can generate a correct ratio, from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, in the production of goods and services.
The paper aims to analyze the impact of European funds on economic development in Romania, using a mixed methodology that includes a bibliometric analysis and an empirical evaluation of macroeconomic data for the period 2007-2024. The bibliometric analysis has highlighted a growing academic interest and a quality scientific production about European funds, thus constituting a foundation of the present study.
The philosophical considerations in the construction of the work, aimed, from an epistemological point of view, also the quantitative approach, by collecting and processing data from the websites of the National Institute of Statistics, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of European Structural and Investment Funds, followed by the empirical analysis of the indicators, the research focusing on an analysis of data series with a focus on the indicators: GDP, EU financial flows, public debt.
This paper aimed to highlight the impact of these financial instruments on regional development in Romania. The data analysis indicated a significant concentration in the Bucharest-Ilfov region, both in terms of attracting European funds, significant foreign direct investments, and in terms of contribution to the national GDP.
The results of the research have practical applicability in substantiating strategic policies for economically underdeveloped regions, in the context of strengthening their economic positions.Fondurile Europene reprezintă una dintre cheile impulsionării mediului de afaceri din România, o cheie prin care se pot genera locuri de muncă.
Obiectivul Uniunii Europene, prin intermediul subvențiilor europene, este acela de a reduce decalajele economice existente între regiunile europene, accentul fiind pus către o armonizare economică ce poate genera un raport corect, din punct de vedere cantitativ și calitativ, în realizarea bunurilor și serviciilor.
Lucrarea își propune să analizeze impactul fondurilor europene asupra dezvoltării economice din România, utilizând o metodologie mixtă ce include o analiză bibliometrică și o evaluare empirică a datelor macroeconomice pentru perioada 2007-2024. Analiza bibliometrică a evidențiat un interes academic în creștere și o producție științifică de calitate, privind tematica fondurilor europene, constituind astfel un fundament al prezentului studiu.
Considerentele filozofice în construcția lucrării, au vizat, din punct de vedere epistemologic, și abordarea cantitativă, prin colectarea și prelucrarea datelor de pe site-urile Institutului Național de Statistică, Ministerul Finațelor și cel al Fondurilor Europene Structurale și de Investiții, urmată de analiza empirică a indicatorilor, cercetarea axându-se pe o analiză a unor serii de date cu accent pe indicatorii: PIB, fluxuri financiare UE, datoria publică.
Prezenta lucrare a urmărit să evidențieze impactul acestor instrumente financiare asupra dezvoltării regionale din România. Analiza datelor a indicat o concentrare semnificativă în regiunea București-Ilfov, atât ca atragere de fonduri europene, investiții străine directe semnificative, cât și ca aport la PIB-ul national.
Rezultatele cercetării au aplicabilitate practică în fundamentarea unor politici strategice pentru regiunile slab dezvoltate economic, în contextual consolidării pozițiilor lor economice
RETHINKING SUSTAINABILITY IN GOA’S TOURISM SECTOR
No full textThis study examines sustainable tourism development in Goa, India, by analyzing the perceptions, behaviours, and expectations of 320 tourists and 60 local residents. As a top tourist destination, Goa faces environmental degradation, cultural erosion, and community displacement. Using a mixed-methods approach and statistical tools such as t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square, correlation, and regression, the study tests five hypotheses.
Findings show that socio-demographic factors like age, gender, income, and education significantly influence tourists’ sustainability perceptions. Tourist satisfaction and awareness are strong predictors of support for sustainable practices, while residents’ concerns about environmental and cultural impacts drive their support for sustainable planning. A significant gap between tourists\u27 expectations and actual sustainability experiences highlights implementation challenges. Notably, international tourists exhibit stronger sustainability support than domestic visitors.
This research contributes empirical insights into stakeholder perspectives on sustainability in a region often overlooked in existing literature. It offers actionable recommendations, including enhancing awareness, investing in eco-infrastructure, promoting hinterland and heritage tourism, and strengthening community engagement. By aligning stakeholder views with sustainability frameworks, the study supports the development of a more inclusive and resilient tourism model for Goa
COASTAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: ANALYZING LAND COVER CHANGES IN EUROPEAN SEASIDE DESTINATIONS DURING 1990-2018
No full textCoastal areas have progressively emerged as centers of tourism and economic development, leading to significant land cover transformations. This paper examines the dynamic interplay between tourism development and environmental sustainability within coastal regions, spotlighting three European seaside resorts: Eforie Sud, Romania; Torremolinos, Spain; and La Grande-Motte, France. Through a comparative case study approach, the research delves into the strategies employed by these destinations to manage tourism growth, with a focus on implementing spatial planning principles and sustainable practices. By analyzing spatial data on land use changes from 1990 to 2018, the study quantitatively assesses the extent of urbanization and its environmental impacts, offering insights into the transformation of coastal landscapes in response to tourism development. The study underscores the importance of sustainable tourism development as a means to balance economic objectives with the preservation of natural and cultural assets. It concludes with recommendations for strategic planning, conservation initiatives, and community engagement to ensure the long-term viability of coastal tourism destinations. This research contributes to the discourse on sustainable tourism, advocating for policies and practices that harmonize development with environmental stewardship and socio-economic benefits