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Tectonic Development of Western Anatolian Extensional Province
No full textWestern Anatolia is one of the fastest-extending continental regions. The approximately N-S extension, in three phases, generated grabens of various ages and trends. The first phase occurred during the late Oligocene-Early Miocene and caused the exhumation of the high-grade metamorphic rocks in the footwall of the low-angle detachment fault(s). This phase caused the NNE trending grabens, particularly in the northern areas. The second phase happened in the Late Miocene. The initial rise of the central horst (the Bozdag Horst) bounded by the detachment faults corresponds to this extension. The third phase generated the dominant morphotectonic entities of western Anatolia, the E-W trending normal faults, and the associated grabens in Quaternary. Western Anatolia began rotating counter-clockwise since the westerly escape of the Anatolian Plate reached the region and caused the generation of the NE-NW trending conjugated strike-slip faults and the consequent grabens along the coastal areas in the Holocene
Development and Foreign Policy: State of the Art
No full textThis chapter demonstrates the understudied nature of the political economy of foreign policy in relation to economic development to highlight the relevance of the regime coherence framework. On the one hand, there has been a growing interest in exploring the nature, causes, and consequences of state-led development, especially since the 2008 global financial crisis. On the other hand, the foreign policy dimension of state-led development is curiously overlooked. Despite intriguing debates, foreign policy as a separate but interrelated domain is not fully incorporated into the discussions on national development—and vice versa. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Climate Change and Security Debates in the United Nations Security Council Between 2007-2021
No full textCelenk, Bengu/0000-0002-6899-4422This research's primary motivation is to understand how the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), responsible for maintaining international peace and security, discursively structured climate change-related security issues and institutionalised them in practices by prioritising its five permanent members - China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States. Since its resolutions are legally binding, the UNSC is one of the most critical organs of the 193-member UN system. Therefore, it is worthwhile to conduct an in-depth analysis of the Council's consideration of the security impacts of climate change. Utilising Marteen Hajer's Argumentative Discourse Analysis, this article contends that France and the United Kingdom effectively shape the discourses on climate change and security within the Council. Nonetheless, it asserts that the Council maintains a narrow focus on climate change, aligned with the political and economic interests of its permanent members, although Russia, China, and even the United States appear to yield substantial influence in actual policymaking
Biodegradable Piezoelectric Polymers: Recent Advancements in Materials and Applications
No full textRecent materials, microfabrication, and biotechnology improvements have introduced numerous exciting bioelectronic devices based on piezoelectric materials. There is an intriguing evolution from conventional unrecyclable materials to biodegradable, green, and biocompatible functional materials. As a fundamental electromechanical coupling material in numerous applications, novel piezoelectric materials with a feature of degradability and desired electrical and mechanical properties are being developed for future wearable and implantable bioelectronics. These bioelectronics can be easily integrated with biological systems for applications, including sensing physiological signals, diagnosing medical problems, opening the blood-brain barrier, and stimulating healing or tissue growth. Therefore, the generation of piezoelectricity from natural and synthetic bioresorbable polymers has drawn great attention in the research field. Herein, the significant and recent advancements in biodegradable piezoelectric materials, including natural and synthetic polymers, their principles, advanced applications, and challenges for medical uses, are reviewed thoroughly. The degradation methods of these piezoelectric materials through in vitro and in vivo studies are also investigated. These improvements in biodegradable piezoelectric materials and microsystems could enable new applications in the biomedical field. In the end, potential research opportunities regarding the practical applications are pointed out that might be significant for new materials research.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [2232, 118C295, 2244, 118C155, 3501, 120M363, H2020-MSCA-IF-2018-840786]; (Brain Watch)M.A and L.B. are supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) 2232 (funding #118C295), 2244 (#118C155), and 3501 (120M363) programs. L.B. acknowledges the support through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018-840786, Brain Watch)
Spatial Modulation Aided Physical Layer Security for Noma-Vlc Systems
No full textWe consider the physical layer security (PLS) problem in multi-user non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enabled multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication systems intercepted by a passive eavesdropper (Eve). We propose a novel transmit precoding scheme based on receive spatial modulation (RSM) to degrade the signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) of Eve by exploiting only the slow-fading characteristics of the visible light channel of the legitimate users (Bobs). The proposed PLS precoder is reinforced with secret parameter exchange with Bobs and a CSI acquisition model is proposed to reduce the PLS algorithm's computational load substantially at the transmitter. The closed-form expressions for the achievable secrecy rates and their upper and lower bounds are derived. Via Monte Carlo simulations, we confirm that Bobs can successfully decode their information in various user configurations while Eve's received SINR is significantly worsened by the jamming signal induced by the proposed precoder with secret key exchange. It is also shown that Eve's bit error rate (BER) is increased to the 0.5-level for almost any position in the considered indoor environment. Finally, we corroborate the derived secrecy expressions by computer simulations and show that the proposed scheme provides PLS for Bobs.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/R007101/2]; U.S. National Science Foundation [CCF-1908308, CNS-2128448]; Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [218E034]; COST Action NEWFOCUS; COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)The work of Harald Haas was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under Fellowship Grant EP/R007101/2. The work of H. Vincent Poor was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grants CCF-1908308 and CNS-2128448. This work was supported in part by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) through the 1003-Priority Areas R & amp;D Projects Support Program under Grant 218E034, and in part by the COST Action NEWFOCUS, funded by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)
Network Traffic Anomaly Detection Using Quantile Regression with Tolerance
No full textIEEE Communications SocietyNetwork traffic anomaly detection describes a time series anomaly detection problem where a sudden increase or decrease (called spikes) in network traffic is predicted. Data is modeled with the trend and heteroscedastic noise component. Traditional autoregressive models struggle to capture data changes effectively, making anomaly detection difficult. Our approach is to generate upper and lower limits by using quantile regression. We use a deep learning based multilayer perceptron model to predict five data quantiles 1, 25, 50, 75, and 99. The upper and lower limits are calculated as differences between the quantile-1 and quantile-99. Any data that is outside these limits are considered as an anomaly. We also add tolerance to these limits to add flexibility to anomaly detection. Anomalies and non-anomalies are labeled to get a binary classification task. Anomaly detection is class imbalanced by nature; therefore, precision, recall, and F-1 score are computed to evaluate the proposed anomaly detection method. We conclude that choosing tolerance is a tradeoff between false alarms and missing anomaly detections. © 2023 IEEE
Kent Kimliğinin Kentsel Toponomi Aracılığıyla Yeniden Tanımlanması: Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde (1927-1934) İstanbul'un Sokak İsimlerindeki Değişiklikler
No full textSokak isimlerinin, bir yeri betimlemedeki temel rolleri nedeniyle kentsel peyzajda ve günlük yaşamda tuttukları yer, onları kültürleri, yeniden yazılmış tarihi ve ideolojileri kentsel mekana yansıtmak için görsel ve dilsel açıdan önemli araçlar haline getirir. Bu durum ayrıca onları toplumsal, kültürel ve siyasal dönüşümler sırasında değişimin hedef tahtasına koyar. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun ardından yeni Türk ulus devletinin kurulmasıyla birlikte farklı etnik, ırksal ve dinsel kimliklerin kent peyzajındaki izlerinin silinmesi ve kentin Türkleştirilmesi yeni Türk devletinin meşrutiyeti açısından önem taşıyordu. Bu doğrultuda Türkçe olmayan sokak adlarının değiştirilmesi kentsel mekanda meydana gelen önemli değişikliklerden biridir. Bu çalışma, İstanbul'da sokak isimlerinin değişimini sokak adlarının mekânsal bağlamını da göz önünde bulundurarak mekân, yer, kimlik, kentsel bellek ve sokak isimleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktadır. Osman Nuri Ergin tarafından yazılan İstanbul Şehri Rehberi 1934 ve Ergin'in İstanbul Atatürk Kütüphanesi arşivinde bulunan İstanbul'un eski ve yeni sokak isimleri listeleri bu araştırmanın ana kaynaklarıdır. Bu çalışma, 1927 yılında nüfus sayım hazırlıkları sırasında kentsel mekânı düzenlemek için başlayan ve 1934 yılında İstanbul Şehri Rehberi'nin yayınlanmasına kadar devam eden isim değişikliklerini kapsamaktadır. Bu zaman aralığında yapılan değişikliklerin temel nedenleri on bir kategori altında tasnif edilmiş ve belirlenen değişim nedenleri haritalama yöntemi ile görselleştirilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra analiz sonuçlarını içeren çeşitli veri tabloları oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca, yeniden adlandırma sürecinin arkasındaki metodolojiyi ve halkın değişikliklere karşı tepkisini anlamak için 1927-34 arasındaki sokak isimleri değişiklikleriyle ilgili belgeler ve gazete makaleleri bulmak amacıyla çeşitli arşivler taranmıştır.The place street names hold in the urban landscape, and everyday life makes them visually and linguistically important tools to reflect cultures, rewritten history, and ideologies to the urban space. With the establishment of the new Turkish nation-state after the Ottoman Empire, erasing the traces of different ethnic, racial, and religious identities in the urban landscape and making the city Turkified was crucial regarding the new Turkish state's legitimacy. In this direction, one vital alteration in urban space was the change of non-Muslim and non-Turkish street names. This study aims to provide an interdisciplinary approach to the relationship between space, place, identity, urban memory, and street names by examining the alteration of street names in Istanbul, considering the spatial context of street names. İstanbul Şehri Rehberi 1934 (Istanbul City Guide 1934), written by Osman Nuri Ergin, and published by the Istanbul municipality and Ergin's lists of old and new street names of Istanbul, which is found in Istanbul Atatürk Library's archive, are the primary sources of this inquiry. This research covers the changes that started during the census preparations in 1927 to regulate urban space and continued until the publication of the Istanbul City Guide in 1934. The main reasons for the changes made during this period were classified under eleven categories; the determined reasons for changes were visualized with the mapping method; also, various data tables containing the analysis results were created. In addition, various archives were scrutinized to find related documents and newspaper articles about street name changes between 1927-34 to understand the methodology behind the renaming process and the public's reaction to changes. The relationship between urban space, memory, identity, and street names is investigated in this study
An Online Diary Study Testing the Role of Functional and Dysfunctional Self-Licensing in Unhealthy Snacking
No full textOner, Sezin/0000-0001-8124-3554; Sezer, Berke/0000-0003-1839-3394In the present study, we aimed to investigate how two types of self-licensing (functional and dysfunctional selflicensing) are related to unhealthy snack consumption. Self-licensing refers to the act of using justifications before gratifications and has been associated with higher snack consumption. Previous research has found that while functional self-licensing decreases unhealthy snack consumption, dysfunctional self-licensing increases the number of calories taken from unhealthy snacks. Building upon existing evidence, we addressed functional and dysfunctional self-licensing to investigate how self-licensing behaviors are associated with daily variables (i.e., stress and sleep) and unhealthy snacking habits. Participants (N = 124) were given a battery of measures at the start of the week and asked to send their snack consumption every night for a week via an online questionnaire, along with daily stress and sleep items. The data were analyzed with Hierarchical Linear Modelling. Neither selflicensing measures nor unhealthy snacking habits predicted unhealthy snack consumption. Daily stress was associated with lower unhealthy snack consumption. However, the interaction between daily stress and functional self-licensing was significant, suggesting that on stressful days functional self-licensers consume even fewer unhealthy snacks compared to less stressful days. Functional and dysfunctional self-licensing are rather new constructs which is why examining their effects is important for further research. However, in contrast to the existing evidence, we failed to find an effect of both types of self-licensing on snack consumption, suggesting the effect depends on potential contextual or individual-specific factors. Future research using a dieting sample is warranted for a better understanding of how functional and dysfunctional self-licensing operate.Science Citation Index Expande
The Role of Women in Aspiring Developmental States: The Case of Turkey's 'national Technology Initiative'
No full textDevlet öncülüğünde kalkınma, özellikle 2008 küresel ekonomik krizinden sonra daha fazla dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır. Neoliberalizme duyulan güvenin azalması ve devlet öncülüğünde kalkınma stratejisi izleyen ülkelerin göreli başarısı, devletlerin rolü, sorumlulukları ve kapasiteleri konusunda yeni tartışmalara yol açmış ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin kalkınmaya yönelik farklı bir yaklaşım benimseme olasılıkları daha makul hale gelmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, Türkiye'nin kalkınma hedeflerinin büyük ölçüde devlet tarafından yönlendirildiği ve şekillendirildiği bir örnek olarak ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Yeni yüzyılın değişen küresel bağlamında, gelişmekte olan ekonomilerin kalkınma politikalarını oluştururken dikkate almaları gereken birçok husus ortaya çıkmaktadır. Türkiye'nin sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri doğrultusunda başlatılan Milli Teknoloji Hamlesi, beşeri sermayenin gelişimini destekleyen politikalara öncelik vererek kapsayıcı, bütünleştirici ve paydaş odaklı bir yaklaşım benimsemektedir. Bu tez, kalkınma politika ve uygulamalarından tüm toplumun aynı düzeyde etkilenmediği savından hareketle, ilgili kararların toplumsal cinsiyet odaklı bir yaklaşımla ele alınması gerektiğini savunmaktadır. İlgili stratejik raporların içerik analizine ve 12 derinlemesine yarı yapılandırılmış mülakata dayanarak, Türkiye'nin Milli Teknoloji Girişimi'nde kadınların rolü analiz edilecektir. Bu anlamda, bu çalışmanın sonuçları, kadınları Türkiye'nin teknoloji odaklı kalkınma hedeflerine entegre etmek için tasarlanan özel politika önlemlerinin, kurumsal mekanizmaların ve güçlendirme girişimlerinin neden önemli olacağını ortaya koymaktadır.State-led development became a subject that attracted more attention especially after 2008 global economic crisis. The erosion of confidence in neoliberalism and the success of countries pursuing a state-led development strategy has led to new debates on the role, responsibilities and capacities of states; and the prospects for a shift to a different approach to development for developing countries has become more plausible. Accordingly, it is observed that Turkey emerges as a case that developmental ambitions have been guided and shaped mainly by the state. In the changing global context of the new century, many considerations come to the surface for developing economies to take into account as they formulate their development policies. The National Technology Initiative launched in line with Turkey's sustainable development aspirations, and has adopted an inclusive, integrative, stakeholder-oriented approach, prioritizing policies that support the development of human capital. Based on the argument that not all society is affected by development policies and practices at the same level, this thesis argues that relevant decisions should be handled with a gender-oriented approach. Based on a content analysis of relevant strategic reports and 12 in-depth semi-structured interviews, the role of women in Turkey's National Technology Initiative will be analyzed. In this sense, the results of this study reveal why specific policy measures, institutional mechanisms and empowerment initiatives designed to integrate women into Turkey's technology-driven development ambitions will be important
Energy-Efficient Design for Ris-Aided Cell-Free Ultra Dense Hetnets
No full textIn this article, we investigate the energy efficiency of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) aided full-duplex cellfree ultra dense hetNets (CFUDN), which has the advantages of both cell-free massive MIMO (CF-MMIMO) and ultra-dense hetNets (UDN). To maximize the EE of full-duplex CFUDN, users association and clustering, RISs subsurface associations are carefully designed. Then, the phase shift matrix of RISs and transmission power of base stations are jointly optimized. Due to the non-convexity and high complexity of formulated problem, it is extremely difficult to solve this problem. At present, the block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm is the most commonly used method for joint optimization problems. However, as we all know, the BCD algorithm has some degree of performance loss due to alternate optimization. To overcome this challenging issue, a novel joint optimization framework based on Riemannian product manifolds (RPM) is proposed. © 2023 IEEE.Hubei Key ”Jiebang” Research Program, (2021BEC023