5862 research outputs found
Sort by
Protein Homology Modeling in the Low Sequence Similarity Regime
No full textPredicting the 3-D structure of a protein from its sequence based on a template protein structure is still one of the most exact modeling techniques present today. However, template-based modeling is heavily dependent on the selection of a single template structure and the sequence alignment between target and template. Mainly when the target and template sequence identity is low, the error from the alignment introduces larger errors to the model structure. An iterative method to correct such alignment mistakes is used in this study with a benchmark set from CASP in the extremely low sequence-identity regime. This is a protocol developed and tested before and it evaluates the alignment quality by building rough 3-D models for each alignment. Then by using a genetic algorithm it iteratively creates a new set of alignments. Since the method evaluates models, not sequence alignments, structural features are automatically incorporated into the alignment protocol. In the current study, models from structural alignment have been built by Modeller program to show the maximum possible quality of the model that can be obtained from that template structure with the iterative modeling protocol. Then the results and correctly aligned segments from the iterative modeling protocol are analyzed. Finally, it has been shown that if a good local fragment assessment scoring function is developed, the correctly aligned segments exist in the pool of alignments created by the protocol. Thus, the improvement of modeling in the low sequence identity regime is conceivable
The Termination of Mediation Activity by Agreement
No full textArabuluculuk kurumundan beklenen avantajların ortaya çıkabilmesi arabuluculuk faaliyeti sonunda anlaşmaya varılması ile mümkündür. Mevzuatta sürekli değişiklikler meydana gelmekte ve kurumun kapsamına aldığı uyuşmazlıklar hızla genişletmektedir. Uygulamanın yerleşmesi ve zaman zaman doktrinde görüş ayrılıkları yaşanması kaçınılmazdır. Mevzuatta daha detaylı ya da değiştirilerek düzenlenmesine ihtiyaç duyulan alanlar bulunmaktadır. Tez, mevzuatta yapılan son düzenlemeleri de kapsayarak anlaşmayı tüm yönleriyle ele almayı ve kurumun daha iyi anlaşılmasına hizmet etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmanın ilk bölümde arabuluculuğun kurumsal çerçevesi ortaya konulmuştur. Bu bölümde amaç arabuluculuk kurumunu ve arabuluculuk faaliyetinin işleyişini anlatabilmektir. Bu amaçla arabuluculuğun kapsamı, türleri, arabuluculuğun karşılaştırmalı hukukta ve Türk hukukunda gelişimi, yargı ve tahkimden farkı, med-arb uygulaması anlatılmıştır. İkinci bölümde sona erme halleri tek tek ele alınmış, sona erme hallerinin mevzuatta dağınık halde düzenlendiği hususuna dikkat çekilmiş ve başkaca sona erme halleri de dikkate alınarak tek bir madde halinde düzenlenebilmesi hususu önerilmiştir. Arabulucunun, faaliyeti sona erdirme yönünde inisiyatif almasının sona erme hali olarak düzenlenmesi yönünde de öneri getirilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde anlaşmanın terminoloji sorununa ve benzer kavramlardan farkına değinilmiştir. Arabuluculuk faaliyeti sonunda varılan anlaşmanın esaslı unsurları tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, sözleşme serbestisi, şarta bağlı edim düzenlenip düzenlenemeyeceği gibi önemli hususlara yer verilmiştir. Anlaşmanın nasıl düzenleneceğine ilişkin öneride bulunulmuştur. Anlaşmanın hukuki niteliği, anlaşılan hususlara karşı dava açılamayacağı, anlaşmanın hukuka uygun düzenlenmediği takdirde karşılaşılabilecek sonuçlar anlatılmış ve anlaşmanın arabuluculuğa elverişli olmamasına rağmen düzenlenmesi, dava şartı kapsamına girmeyen bir hususta faaliyetin yürütülmesi ve anlaşmaya varılması, yanlış dava türünden yapılan başvuru sonucu anlaşmaya varılması, arabulucunun uzmanlık alanına girmeyen bir konuyla ilgili anlaşma sürecini tamamlaması, hukuka uygun arabuluculuk faaliyeti yürütülmemesi sonucunda anlaşmaya varılması, arabulucunun arabuluculuktan çekilmesi gerekirken yine de anlaşma yapması gibi anlaşmadan kaynaklı sorunlara yer verilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde anlaşmanın yerine getirilmemesi durumunda icra edilebilirlik şerhi alınması hususu, mahkemeye başvuru, yargılama usulü, mahkemenin incelemesi, şarta bağlı olarak yapılan anlaşmaya şerh verilmesi, icra edilebilirlik şerhi alınan anlaşmanın icrası, anlaşmayla ilamlı ve ilamsız takip yapılması gibi önemli hususlar ele alınmıştır. Son olarak, arabuluculuk sonucunda elde edilen uluslararası ticari anlaşmaların icra edilmesini kolaylaştırması amacıyla hukukumuzda da kabul edilen Singapur Konvansiyonu incelenmiştir.The expected advantages of the mediation institution can be realized through reaching an agreement at the end of the mediation process. There are continuous changes in the legislation, rapidly expanding the scope of disputes covered by the institution. The thesis aims to comprehensively examine the agreement reached at the end of the mediation process, including recent legislative amendments, to better understand the institution and its operations. The first part of this study outlines the institutional framework of mediation, explaining its scope, types, development in comparative law and Turkish law, differences from judiciary and arbitration, and the practice of med-arb. The second part discusses the various termination conditions, highlighting the scattered nature of these conditions in legislation and proposing their consolidation into a single provision. It also suggests granting mediators the initiative to terminate the process as a termination condition. In the third part, attention is given to the terminology issues and distinctions from similar concepts regarding the agreement reached through mediation. The essential elements of such agreements are identified, covering issues like contractual freedom and the regulation of conditional obligations. Recommendations are made on how agreements should be drafted. The legal nature of the agreement, restrictions on litigation concerning agreed-upon matters, consequences of improperly drafted agreements, and issues arising from inappropriate mediation activities are discussed. The fourth part addresses the issue of obtaining enforceability endorsements for agreements not fulfilled, court applications, trial procedures, court reviews, endorsement of conditional agreements, enforcement of endorsed agreements, and procedures for enforcement with and without judgments. Finally, the study explores the Singapore Convention, adopted in our legal system to facilitate the enforcement of international commercial agreements resulting from mediation
Diversity Techniques for Sparse Code Multiple Access
No full textGelecek nesil kablosuz iletişim sistemlerinin ana hedefleri, spektral verimliliği artırmak ve veri hızlarını yükseltmektir. Geleneksel kablosuz sistemler genellikle Ortogonal Çoklu Erişim (OMA) tekniklerine dayanırken, 5G'de yeni bir paradigma olarak ortogonal olmayan çoklu erişim (NOMA) tanıtılmıştır. NOMA, gelecekteki kablosuz iletişim ağlarının artan taleplerini karşılamak için umut verici bir çözüm sunmaktadır. NOMA yöntemlerinden biri olan Seyrek Kodlu Çoklu Erişim (SCMA), sinyal konstelasyon kodlaması yoluyla çeşitlilik kazançları sağlar. Ancak, SCMA'nın performansını optimize etmeye yönelik araştırmalar sınırlıdır, özellikle çeşitlilik bileşenle-rinde. Bu doktora tezi, yeni bir çoklu erişim modeli önermektedir. Bu model, downlink SCMA için çeşitli çeşitlilik tekniklerini uygular. Önerilen modelin performansı, hem bilgisayar simülasyonları hem de matematiksel analizler yoluyla değerlendirilmek-tedir. Bu modeli daha da geliştirmek için, evrim tabanlı meta-sezgisel algoritmalar dahil olmak üzere gelişmiş çeşitlilik birleştirme teknikleri entegre edilmiştir. Yeni modelin artan karmaşıklığı göz önünde bulundurularak bir karmaşıklık analizi de yapılmaktadır. Son olarak, karşılaştırmalı gösterimler, önerilen modelin geleneksel SCMA'ya göre üstünlüğünü ve çeşitlilik bileşenlerinin performans sonuçlarını nasıl etkilediğini göstermektedir. Sonuçlar, önerilen modelin gelecekteki kablosuz iletişim sistemleri için potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır.The main objectives of the next-generation wireless communication systems are to improve spectral efficiency and increase data rates. While traditional wireless systems usually rely on Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) techniques, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is introduced in 5G as a new paradigm. NOMA is a promising solution to meet the increased demands of the future wireless communication networks. One of the NOMA methods is Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA). SCMA offers diversity gains through signal constellation coding. However, research on optimizing the performance of SCMA is limited, especially in the diversity components. This PhD thesis proposes a novel multiple-access model. This model implements various diversity techniques for downlink SCMA. The proposed model's performance is evaluated through both computer simulations and mathematical analysis. To further enhance this model, advanced diversity combining techniques are integrated, including evolution-based metaheuristic algorithms. Given the increased complexity of the new model, a complexity analysis is also conducted. Finally, comparative demonstrations show the superiority of the proposed model over traditional SCMA and how the diversity components affect the performance results. The results highlight the potential of the proposed model for future wireless communication systems
Immediate and Delayed Effects of Fantastical Content on Children's Executive Functions and Mental Transformation
No full textKessafoglu, Dilara/0000-0002-7356-0733Watching fantastical content has been shown to negatively affect young children's executive function (EF) skills. No study has investigated how long these negative effects persist and whether they extend to other cognitive skills. The current experimental study aimed to (1) detect how long fantastical content affects children's EF performance and (2) examine whether watching fantastical content negatively affects children's other (non-EF) cognitive task performance, namely mental transformation. A total of 120 5- and 6year-old children (M = 66 months, SD = 5.52) were randomly assigned to one of the four following conditions: (a) immediate testing after watching an 8-min non-fantastical cartoon, (b) immediate testing after watching an 8-min fantastical cartoon, (c) 10min delayed testing after watching a fantastical cartoon, and (d) immediate testing after an 8-min free play (control condition). After exposure to each condition, children were tested on EF and mental transformation measures. Results showed that children watching a fantastical cartoon performed worse on working memory and inhibitory control tasks than children watching a nonfantastical cartoon or playing. However, the 10-min delay between the watching and testing sessions eliminated the negative impact observed on inhibitory control. Groups did not differ on cognitive flexibility and mental transformation. As in previous studies, watching fantastical content negatively affected children's EFs, but this negative impact disappeared in a few minutes and seems unique to EFs. These results suggest that fantastical content maySocial Science Citation Inde
Eu Policy Towards the Israel-Palestine Conflict: the Limitations of Mitigation Strategies
No full textOver the decades, the EU has aimed at resolving the Israel-Palestine conflict through its Foreign and Security Policy (EUFSP) tools, with the 'two-state solution' as the over-arching principle for conflict resolution. This policy has been ineffective due to the contextual interplay of multipolar competition, regional fragmentation and EU-level internal contestation. Faced with these contextual constraints, the EU has employed a range of mitigation strategies: delegation as an institutional measure through its Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions; multilateralisation as a diplomatic/coalitional measure through its participation in the Quartet and other multilateral platforms; and selective engagement as a functional measure through its trade ties with both actors and humanitarian aid policies in order to mitigate the impact of the contextual constraints. However, none of the EU's mitigation actions have adequately alleviated the impact of the three contextual constraints because of intra-regional sensitivities, divergences and violent clashes, as well as Israel's ongoing occupation of Palestinian lands with the protection of the United States (US).EU [959143]This article draws on a paper by Sinem Akguel-Ac & imath;kme & scedil;e et al. titled "Stalled by Division: EU Internal Contestation Over the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict", published by the Horizon 2020 JOINT project. The authors of this article would like to thank their co-authors Kristina Kausch and Eduard Soler i Lecha for their valuable contributions to that paper as well as Ricardo Alcaro for his reviews. The authors are also grateful to Mr. Erman Ermihan and Mr. Tuna Korkmaz for their research assistance. JOINT has received funding from the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N. 959143 (www.jointproject.eu). This publication reflects only the view of the authors and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains
Kadem's Vision of Gender Justice and Neopatriarchal Masculinity in Illiberal Turkey
No full textGunay-Erkol, Cimen/0000-0002-1607-9556; Sunbuloglu, Nurseli Yesim/0000-0003-0251-9458Women's and LGBTI + rights have always been under attack in Turkey, but recent developments in AKP's attempts to consolidate a pro-family, pro-birth, and Islamist gender regime based on the 'moral' regulation of women and LGBTI + creates an atmosphere that must be examined in detail. KADEM, a women's GONGO established in 2013, plays a crucial role in this anti-gender backlash context, positioning their line of action as a challenge to the global feminist attempts to impose Western standards on Turkish society while advocating for women's rights from a culturalist position. We analyse KADEM's construction of men and masculinities in the materials on their website to understand their strategies of legitimisation of a form of neopatriarchal masculinity along the traditional 'family values' to see how KADEM serves as a transmitter of an Islamic neopatriarchal culture, with its implicit justifications of men's patriarchal roles and duties in a neoliberal society.Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) [13498]This work is part of a broad collaborative research led by Institute of Development Studies, IDS and funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA, Grant reference: 13498).Emerging Sources Citation Inde
2009 A (h1n1) ve Covıd-19 Pandemilerinde Nüfus Yoğunluğunun ve Temas Oranının Rolü
No full textSağlıklı-Virus bulaşmış-Bulaşıcılığı olmayan (SIR) salgın modelinin başlıca özellikleri, temel üreme sayısı olarak bilinen 0 parametresi tarafından belirlenir. Bu çalışmada, çeşitli Avrupa ülkeleri ve İstanbul'daki 2009 A(H1N1) pandemisi ile Almanya'nın federal eyaletlerindeki Covid-19 pandemisi olmak üzere iki farklı salgın için, 0'ın temas oranlarına olan bağımlılığı araştırılmıştır. 2009 A(H1N1) pandemisine ait veriler, Hollanda da dahil olmak üzere yedi Avrupa ülkesi ve İstanbul için ele alınmış olup, bu ülkeler için temel üreme sayısının nüfus yoğunluğuna orantılı olduğu gösterilmiştir. Yüksek nüfus yoğunluklarına sahip olmaları nedeniyle Hollanda ve İstanbul’a ait 0 değerlerinin, literatürde kabul edilen aralıkların oldukça dışında kaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Covid-19 pandemisi için 2020 yılının Şubat ve Haziran ayları arasındaki döneme ait Almanya federal eyaletlerinin verileri kullanılarak, toplumdaki heterojenliklerin nüfus yoğunluğunun etkilerini domine ettiği gösterilmiştir. Bu durum, sokağa çıkma yasağı ve seyahat kısıtlamaları gibi uygulamaların ev içi dinamiklerinin rolünü arttırması olasılığı ile açıklanmıştır
Maternal Underestimations and Overestimations of Their Infants' Word Comprehension: Effects on Mothers' Verbal Input and Infants' Receptive Vocabulary
No full textInfants' language is often measured indirectly via parent reports, but mothers may underestimate or overestimate their infants' word comprehension. The current study examined estimations of mothers from diverse educational backgrounds regarding their infants' word comprehension and how these estimations are associated with their verbal input and infants' receptive vocabulary at 14 months. We compared 34 infants' looking-while- listening (LWL) performances with the mothers' Turkish Communicative Development Inventory (TCDI) reports to calculate the mothers' overestimation and underestimation. During free-play sessions, we assessed the mothers' number of words, number of clauses, lexical diversity, and linguistic complexity. We found that mothers have overestimations and underestimations regardless of their educational background. Crucially, mothers' only overestimations were positively associated with their number of words and lexical diversity. Mothers' verbal input was not related to infants' receptive vocabulary scores. The findings suggest that mothers' input might be aligned with their estimations of their infants' language capabilities, which might not reflect the infants' true performance.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [113K006]This research was supported by a grant from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) to Aylin C. Kuentay (grant number: 113K006). We are thankful to Ebru Ger, Suemeyye Ko & scedil;kulu-Sancar, Hilal & Scedil;en, Merve Ataman, and Seda Akb & imath;y & imath;k for their assistance in recruitment and data collection, to Asude Firdevs Erac & imath;kba & scedil; and Asl & imath;nur Aydo & gbreve;andemir for data coding, and to & Scedil;eref Can Esmer for his valuable feedback. We greatly appreciate the contribution of the parents and infants who participated in our study.Social Science Citation Inde
Joint Resource Allocation in Multi-Ris and Massive Mimo-Aided Cell-Free Iot Networks
No full textTo meet the needs of high energy efficiency (EE) and various heterogeneous services for 6G, in this article, we probe into the EE of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) subsurface (SSF) architecture-aided cell-free Internet of Things (CF-IoT) networks. Specifically, we jointly optimize the base station (BS)-RIS-IoT device (ID) joint associations, the RIS's phase shift matrix (PSM), and the BS's transmit power to enhance CF-IoT's EE. The elevated complexity (NP-hard) and nonconvexity of the formulated problem pose significant challenges, making the solution highly difficult and intricate. To handle this challenging problem, we first develop an alternating optimization framework based on block coordinate descent, which can decouple the original problem into several subproblems. We then carefully design the corresponding low-complexity algorithm for each subproblem to solve it. Moreover, the proposed joint optimization framework serves as a versatile solution applicable to a wide range of scenarios aiming to maximize EE with the assistance of RISs. Simulations confirm that deploying RISs in CF-IoT scenarios is beneficial for improving the EE of the system, and the SSF architecture can further enhance the EE of the system.NSFC [12411530121]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2042024kf1006]; Science and Technology Major Project of Tibetan Autonomous Region of China [XZ202201ZD0006G04]; The 2024 Xizang Autonomous Region Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project [XZ202401YD0015]; Lhasa Science and Technology Plan Project [LSKJ202405]This work was supported in part by NSFC under Grant 12411530121; in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2042024kf1006; in part by the Science and Technology Major Project of Tibetan Autonomous Region of China under Grant XZ202201ZD0006G04; in part by the 2024 Xizang Autonomous Region Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project under Grant XZ202401YD0015; and in part by the Lhasa Science and Technology Plan Project under Grant LSKJ202405.Science Citation Index Expande
Composite Hydrogel of Polyacrylamide/Starch as a Novel Amoxicillin Delivery System
No full textThis study investigates the development and characterization of a novel composite hydrogel composed of polyacrylamide (PAAm), starch, and gelatin for use as an amoxicillin delivery system. The optical properties, swelling behavior, and drug release profile of the composite hydrogel's were studied to evaluate its efficacy and potential applications. UV-visible spectroscopy was employed to determine the optical properties, revealing significant transparency in the visible range, which is essential for biomedical applications. The incorporation of starch and gelatin into the polyacrylamide matrix significantly enhanced the hydrogel's swelling capacity and biocompatibility. Studies on drug delivery demonstrated a sustained release profile of amoxicillin in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, which is essential for maintaining therapeutic levels for a prolonged amount of time. The results indicate that the composite hydrogel of PAAm/starch/gelatin has good swelling behavior, appealing optical characteristics, and a promising controlled drug release mechanism. These results point to this hydrogel's considerable potential as a drug delivery method, providing a viable path toward enhancing the medicinal effectiveness of amoxicillin and maybe other medications.Science Citation Index Expande