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Gender and Public Space in Turkey: Gender, Modernity, and the Urban Experience
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Addressing Climate Change With Behavioral Science: a Global Intervention Tournament in 63 Countries
No full textVanags, Edmunds/0000-0003-1932-936X; Moyano, Manuel/0000-0001-6745-0936; van Stekelenburg, Aart/0000-0002-9978-0224; Kankaanpää, Reeta/0000-0001-9111-7076; Motoki, Kosuke/0000-0001-7803-2713; kaya, ilker/0000-0002-8666-8794; Chow, Dawn/0000-0002-7544-4859; Anseel, Frederik/0000-0002-4697-7293; Stern, Jessica A./0000-0003-1357-724X; Luo, Yu/0000-0003-0434-2916; Elbaek, Christian/0000-0002-7039-4565; Ross, Robert M/0000-0001-8711-1675; kaya, ozgur/0000-0001-7034-8780; Gaudencio Rêgo, Gabriel/0000-0003-3304-4723; Herman, Aleksandra Maria/0000-0002-3338-0543; Lagomarsino, Maria/0000-0002-2238-8726; Brick, Cameron/0000-0002-7174-8193; McHugh, Cillian/0000-0002-9701-3232; Białek, Michał/0000-0002-5062-5733; ANDERSEN, ANGELICA JEANICE MARTINS/0000-0003-3365-5727; van Schie, Kevin/0000-0003-3757-510X; Alfano, Mark/0000-0001-5879-8033; Chan, Hang-Yee/0000-0001-7179-9436; Farias, Ana Rita/0000-0002-7686-4046; Huaman, Enma Tereza/0000-0001-6596-6234; Apps, Matthew/0000-0001-5793-2202; Escher, Yannik Andrea/0000-0002-8976-5805; Krouwel, Andre/0000-0003-0952-6028; Doell, Kimberly/0000-0002-0043-9609; Todorova, Boryana/0000-0003-4840-498X; Griffin, Siobhan M/0000-0002-3613-2844; Levy, Neil/0000-0002-5679-1986; Grigoryan, Ani/0000-0001-5453-2879; Dubey, Shreya/0000-0002-8882-3356; Klas, Dr Anna/0000-0002-6590-5164; SUKO, Yasushi/0000-0001-6224-659X; Geiger, Sandra J/0000-0002-3262-5609; Alvarado Yepez, Andy Jossimar/0000-0003-1249-6755; Palumbo, Helena/0000-0003-1978-3386; Lee Cunningham, Julia/0000-0002-6650-7088; Brosch, Tobias/0000-0001-6883-0383; Strahm, Noel/0000-0001-9837-8869; Monge-Rodriguez, Fredy/0000-0002-9646-0161; , Madalina Vlasceanu/0000-0003-2138-1968; Butalia, Radhika/0000-0001-7288-3103; Pronizius, Ekaterina/0000-0003-1446-196X; Pfattheicher, Stefan/0000-0002-0161-1570; Patel, Yash/0000-0002-3971-1876; Rhoads, Shawn/0000-0003-1350-9458; Carvacho, Hector/0000-0001-7206-9259; Nijssen, Sari/0000-0002-0340-8509; /0000-0002-9495-7369; Fang, Ke/0000-0003-0374-9706; Nitschke, Jonas/0000-0002-3244-8585; Schulreich, Stefan/0000-0001-9708-1545; Goldwert, Danielle/0000-0003-3179-9276Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions' effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior-several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people's initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.Google Jigsaw grant; Swiss National Science Foundation [P400PS_190997]; Dutch Research Council [7934]; John Templeton Foundation [61378]; National council for Scientific and technological development grant; Swiss Federal Office of energy through the energy, economy, and Society program; Christ church college Research centre grant [Si/502093- 01]; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF- 2020S1A3A2A02097375]; Kieskompas-election compass; National Agency of Research and Development; National Doctoral Scholarship [24210087]; Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) [Vi.Veni.201S.075]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [453- 15- 005]; Foundation for Science and technology-Fct (Portuguese Ministry of Science, technology and higher education) [UidB/05380/2020]; Slovak Research and development Agency (APVV) [APVV- 21- 0114]; James Mcdonnell Foundation; Swedish Research council [2018- 01755]; Russian Federation Government [075- 15- 2021- 611]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [P400PS_190997] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)This work was supported by Google Jigsaw grant (to M.VI., K.D.D., and J.J.V.B.), Swiss National Science Foundation P400PS_190997 (to K.C.D.), Dutch Research Council grant 7934 (to K.l.V.D.B.), European Union grant no. id 776608 (to K.l.v.d.B.), John Templeton Foundation grant 61378 (to M.A.), the national council for Scientific and technological development grant (to A.A.), Christ church college Research centre grant (to M.A.J.A.), david Phillips Fellowship grant BB/R010668/2 (to M.A.J.A.), Jacobs Foundation Fellowship (to M.A.J.A.), dFG grant project no. 390683824 (to M.A.d., P.Ba., and B.B.), nYUAd research funds (to J.J.B.), the Swiss Federal Office of energy through the energy, economy, and Society program grant number: Si/502093- 01 (to S.Be.), the Belgian national Fund for Scientific Research (FRS- FnRS) PdR 0253.19 (to P.Be.), Fund for scientific development at the Faculty of Psychology at SWPS University in Warsaw (to O.Bi.), Radboud University Behavioral Science institute (to d.n.M.B.), leuphana University lueneburg research fund (to d.d .l., l.B., Y.A.e., h.M.P., and M.S.), University of Birmingham Start up Seed Grant (to A.B.), Prime- Pump Fund from University of Birmingham (to A.B. and M.e.), University of Geneva Faculty Seed Funding (to t.Bro.), Pomona college hirsch Research initiation Grant (to A.R.P.), center for Social conflict and cohesion Studies grant Anid/FOndAP #15130009 (to h.c. and S.d'.), center for intercultural and indigenous Research grant AP #15110006 (to h.c. and S.d'.), National Research Foundation of Korea NRF- 2020S1A3A2A02097375 (to d.chu. and S.Su.), darden School of Business (to l.c.), Kieskompas-election compass (to t.W.e., A.P.M.K., V.c., and A.l.O.), the National Agency of Research and Development, National Doctoral Scholarship 24210087 (to S.d'.), Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) grant Vi.Veni.201S.075 (to M.h.c.M.), the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Vici grant 453- 15- 005 (to i.M.e.), Foundation for Science and technology-Fct (Portuguese Ministry of Science, technology and higher education) grant UidB/05380/2020 (to A.R.F.), the Slovak Research and development Agency (APVV) contract no. APVV- 21- 0114 (to A.F.), the James Mcdonnell Foundation 21st century Science initiative in Understanding human cognition-scholar award grant 220020334 (to l.Fr. and J.n.), Sponsored Research Agreement between Meta and Fundacion Universidad torcuato di tella grant inB2376941 (to l.Fr. and J.n.), thammasat University Fast track Research Fund (tUFt) 12/2566 (to n.P.G.), hSe University Basic Research Program (to d.Gr. and A.Ga.), ARU centre for Societies and Groups Research centre development Funds (to S.Grad., A.J.h., and M.Z.), University of Stavanger faculty of Social Science research activities grant (to S.Gras.), center for the Science of Moral Understanding (to K.G.), University of colorado Boulder Faculty research fund (to J.Gr.), Swiss national Science Foundation grant 203283 (to U.J.J.h.), Kochi University of technology Research Funds (to t.h.), RUB appointment funds (to W.h.), dean's Office, college of Arts and Sciences at Seton hall University (to F.J.), nicolaus copernicus University (ncU) budget (to d.J. and A.d.W.), Sectorplan Social Sciences and humanities, the netherlands (to e.K.- R.), erasmus centre of empirical legal Studies (ecelS), erasmus School of law, erasmus University Rotterdam, the netherlands (to e.K.- R.), American University of Sharjah Faculty Research Grant 2020 FRG20- M- B134 (to O.Ka. and i.K.; ), centre for Social and early emotional development Seed grant (to A.K. and e.J.K.), AnU Futures Grant (to c.K.), Research council of norway through centres of excellence Scheme, FAiR project no. 262675 (to h.S. and S. B & oslash;), Aarhus University Research Foundation grant AUFF- e- 2021- 7- 16 (to R.Kr. and l.no.), Social Perception and intergroup inequality lab at cornell University (to A.R.K.), cOVid- 19 Rapid Response grant, University of Vienna (to c.la.), Austrian Science Fund FWF i3381 (to c.la.), FWO Postdoctoral Fellowship 12U1221n (to F.l.), national Geographic Society (to J.l.c.), University of Michigan Ross School of Business Faculty Research Funds (to J.l.c.), the clemson University Media Forensics hub (to J.le.), norwegian Retailers' environment Fund, Poster competition Grant 2022 (to i.R.), John templeton Foundation grant 62631 (to n.l. and R.M.R.), ARc discovery Project dP180102384 (to n.l.), Medical Research council Fellowship grant MR/P014097/1 (to P.l.l.), Medical Research council Fellowship grant MR/P014097/2 (to P.l.l.), Jacobs Foundation (to P.l.l.), Wellcome trust and the Royal Society Sir henry dale Fellowship grant 223264/Z/21/Z (to P.l.l.), JFRAP grant (to J.G.l.), Social Sciences and humanities Research council (SShRc) doctoral Fellowship (to Y.l.), Simon Fraser University Psychology department Research Grant (to A.e.l. and M.t.S.), GU internal funding (to A.A.M. and S.A.R.), FAPeSP 2014/50279- 4 (to K.l.M.), FAPeSP 2020/15230- 5 (to K.l.M.), Shell Brasil (to K.l.M.), Brazil's national Oil, natural Gas and Biofuels Agency (AnP) through the R&d levy regulation (to K.l.M.), AnR grant ScAlUP, AnR- 21- ce28- 0016- 01 (to h.M.), nOMiS Foundation grant for the centre for the Politics of Feelings (to K.Mi. and M.ts.), Applied Moral Psychology lab at cornell University (to S.M., l.ni., and M.Z.), Universidad Peruana cayetano heredia Project 209465 (to F.S.M.- R.), Belgian national Fund for Scientific Research (FRS- FnRS) grant PdR 0253.19 (to Y.l.M.), Riksbankens Jubileumsfond grant P21- 0384 (to G.n.), European Research Council funded by the UKRI Grant eP/X02170X/1 (to M.S.P. and G.A.t.), Statutory Funding of institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice (to M.P.- c.), Aarhus University Research Foundation AUFF- e- 2018- 7- 13 (to S.P.), Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPeSP) grant 2019/26665- 5 (to G.G.R.), Mistletoe Unfettered Research Grant, national Science Foundation GRFP Award 1937959 (to S.A.R.), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science grant 21 J01224 (to t.Sa.), institute of Psychology & the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of lausanne (to O.S.), Universitat Ramon llull, esade Business School (to K.Sc.), University of St Andrews (to P.S.), dutch Science Foundation (nWO) Vi.Veni.191G.034 (to c.S.), Universitaet hamburg (to S.Sc.), Faculty of health Phd fellowship, Aarhus University (to K.So.), School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian national University (to S.K.S.), Swedish Research council grant 2018- 01755 (to G.t.), Russian Federation Government grant project 075- 15- 2021- 611 (to d.Va.), Swedish Research council (to d.Vae.), cooperatio Program McOM (to M.Vr.), Stanford center on Philanthropy and civil Society (to R.W.), and canada Research chairs program (to J.Z.)
Touch To Learn: a Review of Haptic Technology's Impact on Skill Development and Enhancing Learning Abilities for Children
No full textHatira, Amal/0009-0006-6452-0672Early childhood education is critical in shaping children's intellectual and motor skills as it provides a solid foundation for cognitive, social, and emotional development, which highly depends on spatial thinking. Haptic feedback can be effectively used for educational and training purposes, particularly in fields such as physics, math, and arts, offering a more interactive learning media and supporting kinesthetic learners by its nature. Herein, different ways of implementing haptic feedback on different educational scenarios from the perspective of technological development and their impact on children's learned skills and outcomes (e.g., their motivation, their analytical or spatial thinking abilities, or fine motor skills) will be examined. This article provides an overview of how haptic feedback has been implemented in different learning scenarios for children. Particularly, it is indicated that haptics can potentially improve early childhood learning outcomes and spatial reasoning skills as it can increase children's interest, participation, performance in educational activities, and analytical ability. The major drawbacks of the current studies, such as variance in participants' learning challenges and small sample numbers are also highlighted. Haptic feedback can be used for educationand training , offering a more interactive learning media and supporting kinesthetic learners by its nature. Herein, we provide an overview of how haptic feedback has been implemented in different learning scenarios for children from the perspective of technological development and their impact on learned skills, achieved motivation, thinking abilities, or fine motor skills.image (c) 2024 WILEY-VCH Gmb
Reflection and Intuition in a Crisis- Ridden World: Thinking Hard or Hardly Thinking?
No full textThis book provides a definitive guide to the value of reflective thinking in the modern world, showing how today’s most fundamental problems are, to an important degree, based on citizens’ thinking styles. The authors highlight the importance of reflection by systematically revealing the causes underlying differences in people’s thinking styles and the consequences of thinking in different ways. These different ways of thinking contribute to socio-political views, and can result in misunderstandings of complex issues such as beliefs in conspiracy theories and fake news, anti-vaccine attitudes, and even fundamentalism and extremism. By training and strengthening reflective thinking in society, via education and other means, we can encourage individuals to challenge misinformation, and their own belief systems around controversial topics. The book also explores the idea that reflection is not enough on its own and examines the shortcomings of reflection and the other skills that complement it positively, especially holistic and systems thinking. In doing so, the authors highlight how implementing a solid, science-based understanding of key issues in education and society at large, can contribute to the solution of problems, from climate change to economic inequality. By showing how we can put our reflective capacity to good use, alongside critically examining reflection in relation to modern problems experienced by humanity, this book is a fascinating reading for students, researchers, and academics in psychology, politics, and the broader social sciences. © 2025 S. Adil Saribay and Onurcan Yilmaz
A Novel Blockchain-Based Deepfake Detection Method Using Federated and Deep Learning Models
No full textUnal, Mehmet/0000-0003-1243-153X; Heidari, Arash/0000-0003-4279-8551In recent years, the proliferation of deep learning (DL) techniques has given rise to a significant challenge in the form of deepfake videos, posing a grave threat to the authenticity of media content. With the rapid advancement of DL technology, the creation of convincingly realistic deepfake videos has become increasingly prevalent, raising serious concerns about the potential misuse of such content. Deepfakes have the potential to undermine trust in visual media, with implications for fields as diverse as journalism, entertainment, and security. This study presents an innovative solution by harnessing blockchain-based federated learning (FL) to address this issue, focusing on preserving data source anonymity. The approach combines the strengths of SegCaps and convolutional neural network (CNN) methods for improved image feature extraction, followed by capsule network (CN) training to enhance generalization. A novel data normalization technique is introduced to tackle data heterogeneity stemming from diverse global data sources. Moreover, transfer learning (TL) and preprocessing methods are deployed to elevate DL performance. These efforts culminate in collaborative global model training zfacilitated by blockchain and FL while maintaining the utmost confidentiality of data sources. The effectiveness of our methodology is rigorously tested and validated through extensive experiments. These experiments reveal a substantial improvement in accuracy, with an impressive average increase of 6.6% compared to six benchmark models. Furthermore, our approach demonstrates a 5.1% enhancement in the area under the curve (AUC) metric, underscoring its ability to outperform existing detection methods. These results substantiate the effectiveness of our proposed solution in countering the proliferation of deepfake content. In conclusion, our innovative approach represents a promising avenue for advancing deepfake detection. By leveraging existing data resources and the power of FL and blockchain technology, we address a critical need for media authenticity and security. As the threat of deepfake videos continues to grow, our comprehensive solution provides an effective means to protect the integrity and trustworthiness of visual media, with far-reaching implications for both industry and society. This work stands as a significant step toward countering the deepfake menace and preserving the authenticity of visual content in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.Kadir Has UniversityNo Statement Availabl
Evaluation of Business Intelligence Tools for the Logistics Sector With Hesitant Fuzzy Hybrid Mcdm Methods
No full textBusiness intelligence (BI) tools have become essential for logistics companies due to their ability to facilitate improved decision-making and operational efficiency, as they provide comprehensive data analysis capabilities that contribute to more informed and timely decisions. This study utilizes the critical task of selecting the most suitable BI tool for an e-commerce logistics company, focusing on assessing various alternatives, including open-sourced and proprietary software. The research employs innovative integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The integrated approach primarily uses HFAHP to determine related criteria weights. Then, utilizing these determined weights, Hesitant Fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation II (HF-PROMETHEE II), Hesitant Fuzzy Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (HF-EDAS), and Hesitant Fuzzy Multiple Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis plus Full Multiplicative Form (HF-MULTIMOORA) methods are implemented to compare the alternatives. Five different Business intelligence tools were evaluated concerning eleven comprehensive criteria. This exhaustive evaluation, conducted by five business intelligence experts, aims to guide organizations in selecting an optimal BI tool that enhances data analysis, decision-making processes, and overall business efficiency.HepsiJet; HepsiJet Research and Development Center; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK, (119C147)Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [119C147]The research by HepsiJet (D Fast Da.gitim Hizmetleri ve Lojistik A.S) was carried out at the HepsiJet Research and Development Center with financial support from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) (Grant No: 119C147).Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Scienc
The Behavioral Profiles of Holistic Thinkers in Türkiye
No full textÖrtük profil analizini ve 'kültür ve biliş' literatüründen çeşitli görevleri kullanan Na ve ark. (2020), insanların bilişsel stillerinde zaman içinde sabit davranış profilleri sergilediklerini buldu. Çalışma 1'de (N = 540) bu bulguyu tekrarladık, ancak (Türk) katılımcılarımızın bilişsel stil davranış profilleri Na ve arkadaşlarının (Kuzey Amerikalı) katılımcılarınınkinden farklıydı. Kuzey Amerikalı katılımcıların davranış profilleri büyük ölçüde dışarıdan-içeriye görevinde farklılaşırken, Türk katılımcıların davranış profilleri büyük ölçüde dahil etme görevinde farklılaştı. Çalışma 2'de (N = 465), Çalışma 1'i farklı bütünsel düşünce alanlarını kapsayacak şekilde genişlettik ve insanların sabit davranış profilleri sergilediğini bir kez daha gösterdik. Çalışma 2'de katılımcılar, diyalektik düşünce görevlerinin ikisinde (öncelikle sosyal çatışmaların çözümü ve biraz da atasözü görevlerinde) farklılaşmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, bilişsel stil davranış profillerindeki zamansal sabitliğin kültürler arasında geçerli olmasına rağmen, bu profillerin kültürden kültüre farklılık gösterme eğiliminde olduğunu göstermektedir.Using latent profile analysis and several tasks from the 'culture and cognition' literature, Na et al. (2020) found that people exhibit stable behavioral profiles across time in cognitive style. In Study 1 (N = 540), we replicated this finding, yet our (Turkish) participants' cognitive style behavioral profiles differed from Na et al.'s (North American) participants'. While North American participants' behavioral profiles were differentiated substantially by the outside-in task, Turkish participants' behavioral profiles were differentiated substantially by the inclusion task. In Study 2 (N = 465), we extended Study 1 to a different set of holistic thinking domains and found again that people exhibited stable behavioral profiles. In Study 2, participants were differentiated by two measures of dialectical thinking tasks (primarily by the resolution of social conflicts and somewhat by the proverb tasks). These results suggest that although stability in cognitive style behavioral profiles holds across cultures, those profiles tend to differ from culture to culture
The Use of Statistical Features for Low-Rate Denial-Of Attack Detection
No full textLow-rate denial-of-service (LDoS) attacks can significantly reduce network performance. These attacks involve sending periodic high-intensity pulse data flows, sharing similar harmful effects with traditional DoS attacks. However, LDoS attacks have different attack modes, making detection particularly challenging. The high level of concealment associated with LDoS attacks makes them extremely difficult to identify using traditional DoS detection methods. In this paper, we explore the potential of using statistical features for LDoS attack detection. Our results demonstrate the promising performance of statistical features in detecting these attacks. Furthermore, through ANOVA, mutual information, RFE, and SHAP analysis, we find that entropy and L-moment-based features play a crucial role in LDoS attack detection. These findings provide valuable insights into utilizing statistical features enhancing network security, thereby improving the overall resilience and stability of networks against various types of attacks.Trkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arascedil;timath;rma KurumuNo Statement Availabl
The Roles of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mindfulness in Psychological Distress: a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study
No full textIntolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a vulnerability factor that is believed to play a significant role in the development and maintenance of many affective disorders. Previous research indicated that the strength of the association between IU and psychological distress tend to change depending on certain trait characteristics. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine whether the interaction between IU and mindfulness will prospectively predict anxiety and depression measured five weeks later. The data were collected from 243 university students (129 female) between ages 18 and 29 at two different time points via questionnaires assessing intolerance of uncertainty, mindfulness, anxiety, and depression at time 1, followed by only measures of anxiety and depression at time 2. The results revealed that higher IU scores were associated with higher levels of depression for the participants who have low levels of mindfulness. A similar pattern was not observed for anxiety. The findings indicated that mindfulness prospectively predicts lower levels of depression only for the individuals who have lower levels of intolerance of uncertainty.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK). The authors declare that they did not receive any funding.Social Science Citation Inde
Resource Allocation for Multi-Cell Full-Duplex Wireless Powered Communication Networks
No full textWireless powered communication networks (WPCNs) are crucial in achieving perpetual lifetime for the machine-type communication (MTC) and Internet of things (IoT) in fifth-generation (5G) communication and beyond networks. Practical WPCNs cover a broad region and have a significant number of sensors, requiring multi-cell deployment. We investigate the minimum length scheduling problem for a multi-cell full-duplex WPCNs to find the optimal power and schedule by considering the simultaneous transmission, maximum transmit power and energy causality constraints for the users. The optimization problem to minimize the schedule length is combinatorial, thus, difficult to find the global optimum solution. To overcome this, we divide the problem into two subproblems, i.e., power control problem (PCP) and the scheduling problem. Then, we present the optimal polynomial time algorithm for the PCP based on the use of the bisection method and evaluation of the Perron-Frobenius criteria. Then, by using the PCP solution, we calculate the optimal transmission time for the users that are scheduled by the scheduling algorithm. For the scheduling problem, we define a penalty function that represents the gain of simultaneous transmission over the individual transmission of the users and we show that the minimization of schedule length is similar to the minimization of sum of penalties. Following the optimum analysis of the proposed penalty metric, we present a heuristic algorithm that tries to minimize the sum penalties of the simultaneously transmitting users over the schedule. Through extensive simulations, we show significant gains of scheduling for concurrent transmissions over individual transmissions.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey; [2247-A]; [121C314]Sinem Coleri acknowledges the support of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey 2247-A National Leaders Research Grant #\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document} 121C314.Science Citation Index Expande