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The Guided Evaluation Method: an Easier Way To Empirically Estimate Trained User Performance for Unfamiliar Keyboard Layouts
No full textMutasim, Aunnoy K/0000-0002-5321-7292; BATMAZ, ANIL UFUK/0000-0001-7948-8093To determine in a user study whether proposed keyboard layouts, such as OPTI, can surpass QWERTY in performance, extended training through longitudinal studies is crucial. However, addressing the challenge of creating trained users presents a logistical bottleneck. A common alternative involves having participants type the same word or phrase repeatedly. We conducted two separate studies to investigate this alternative. The findings reveal that both approaches, repeatedly typing words or phrases, have limitations in accurately estimating trained user performance. Thus, we propose the Guided Evaluation Method (GEM), a novel approach to quickly estimate trained user performance with novices. Our results reveal that in a matter of minutes, participants exhibited performance similar to an existing longitudinal study - OPTI outperforms QWERTY. As it eliminates the need for resource-intensive longitudinal studies, our new GEM thus enables much faster estimation of trained user performance. This outcome will potentially reignite research on better text entry methods.Science Citation Index Expanded - Social Science Citation Inde
Bir Dizi Prodigiosin ve 1,10-fenantrolin Türevlerinin Yeni Nesil Etkin Antikanser Tedavi Edici İlaçlar Ya Da Aktif Farmasötik Maddeler Olarak Tasarımı ve Yapısal İncelenmesi
No full textMeme kanseri, beyin metastazı olasılığı en yüksek olan ikinci kanser türü olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu yüzden meme kanseriyle ilgili araştırmaların çoğu beyin metastatik meme kanserinin mortalitesine yöneliktir. Ancak bu kanser türüne özgü etkili bir tedavi veya antikanser tedavi yöntemi mevcut değildir. Bu nedenle, meme kanseri ilerlemesinin modüle edilmesinde çok önemli rol oynayan HDAC ve mTOR enzimlerini inhibe edecek etkili ve yeni nesil antikanser terapötik ilaçların ve/veya aktif farmasötik maddelerin geliştirilmesi artan bir taleptir. Bu çalışmada, mTOR ve HDAC enzimlerine karşı oldukça güçlü antikanser terapötik ilaçlar ve/veya aktif farmasötik maddeler olarak bir dizi prodigiosin ve 1,10-fenantrolin türevinin yapı-aktivite ilişkisi ve in silico modellemesi incelenmiştir. Doğal ürün Ps ile karşılaştırıldığında, bu ligandlardan 20 tanesi, özellikle 2a, 6b, 13 ve 13a, HDAC1 ve/veya mTOR enzimlerine karşı –9.4 ile –7.1 kcal/mol arasında değişen çok umut verici bağlanma enerjileri ve 225 ile 569 nM arasında değişen inhibisyon sabitleri sergilemiştir. Özellikle 2a, 5, 6b, 7b ve 13 her iki enzime karşı iki taraflı etkinlik (dual action) göstermiştir. İn silico modelleme çalışmalarından elde edilen bulgular, MD simülasyonları ve Lipinski'nin beş kuralına göre ADMET çalışmasıyla da desteklenmiş olup, meme kanseri beyin metastazına sahip hastalar için olağanüstü bir terapötik potansiyel sağlamaktadır
ENFORCED DEPARTURES, ANXIOUS ARRIVALS: A Turkish Diaspora in Israel
No full textDrawing immigration was one of the main objectives of the newborn State of Israel, and this policy generated a strong pull factor for Jews worldwide. However, the mass emigration from Turkey was a surprise even to Israeli authorities who were not expecting such large numbers from a country where Jews were not expelled from or faced an existential threat. Nearly 40 per cent of Turkey’s Jewish community emigrated to Israel during 1948–1951. This mass migration was Turkey’s second-biggest emigration wave following labour emigration to Europe from the 1960s onwards. Despite its significance, Turkish Jewry is an understudied topic, especially in Turkish migration and diaspora studies. This chapter scrutinises the trajectory and current state of the Turkish Jewish diaspora in Israel. It presents an overview of the subject matter, including the historical background of Turkish Jews, their reasons for emigration, and how they have reconstructed their identity in Israel. © 2024 Taylor & Francis
Editorial: Compartmental Models for Social Interactions
No full text[No Abstract Available]National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP); Mission 4 Component 2 Investment [3277]; European Union [ECS00000033, 1052]The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research is partially funded under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), and Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.5-Call for tender No. 3277 of 30/12/2021 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU Award Number: Project code ECS00000033, Concession Decree No. 1052 of 23/06/2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry.Science Citation Index Expande
Politics of Household Indebtedness in Turkey
No full textThis paper deals with how Justice and Development Party (AKP) governments navigated the politics of household indebtedness in Turkey and utilized it towards the 2023 elections. It argues that household debt is a political tool with positive and negative consequences for incumbent governments. Households have been able to access debt instruments such as credit cards, consumer credit, car loans, and mortgages in Turkey since the onset of financialisation in the 2000s. AKP governments have benefited from the micro-level household wealth/debt accumulation as well as its macro-level economic implications for the construction-led, credit-dependent economic growth model. On the other hand, household debt has had destructive societal consequences such as bankruptcies, divorces, and suicides that became commonplace in the opposition narratives. Pinpointing the responsibility for indebtedness among households, financial system, regulatory agencies, and government, as well as devising policy solutions, has become a political struggle in the months leading up to the 2023 elections.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [121K904]This research is funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under grant number [121K904]
The Relationship Between Holistic Thinking Style, Attitudes, and Intentional Behaviors Toward Climate Crisis, Covid-19 Pandemic and Economic Inequality: a Network Analysis
No full textİklim değişikliği, COVID-19 salgını ve ekonomik eşitsizlik son birkaç yıldır önemli küresel sorunlar haline gelmiştir. Bu problemler, önceki tehditlerden daha karmaşıktır ve bu nedenle uygun bilişsel stiller gerektirmektedir. Mevcut çalışma (N = 631), holistik düşünce stili ile bu tehditlere karşı harekete geçme tutumları ve niyetleriyle ilişkili olabilecek bir dizi değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmıştır. Katılımcılar, 11 tane öz-bildirim ölçeğinden oluşan çevrimiçi bir test bataryasını tamamlamışlardır. Bu amaçla ağ analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, karmaşık neden-sonuç ilişkilerini algılamaya yönelik holistik eğilim (Nedensellik bileşeni) ile doğaya yönelik risklerin farkındalığı ve doğaya karşı duygusal yakınlık arasında pozitif bir bağlantı olduğunu göstermektedir. Bütünü dikkate alma eğilimi (Dikkat bileşeni), kamusal alanlarda daha fazla çevre yanlısı davranma isteği ile ilgili bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, nedensellik bileşeni COVID-19 salgınına yönelik önleyici davranışlarda bulunmayla pozitif bağlantılı çıkmıştır. Gelecekte değişim bekleme eğilimi (Değişim bileşeni) ve sağcı ekonomik politikaları desteklemek negatif ilişkili bulunmuştur. Nedenselliğin yönü belirsizliğini korusa da bu sonuçlar, daha holistik düşünmenin küresel tehditleri anlamayı ve etkilerini hafifletmek için harekete geçmeyi kolaylaştırma olasılığını ortaya koymaktadır.Climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, and economic inequality have been crucial global problems for the last few years. These problems are more complicated than previous threats and thus require suitable cognitive styles. The present study (N = 631) explored the relationship between the holistic thinking style and a set of variables that could be related to attitudes and intentions to take action against these threats. Participants completed an online test battery of 11 self-report questionnaires. For this purpose, we conducted network analyses. Results showed a positive connection between the holistic tendency to perceive complex causal relationships (Causality), and awareness of risks to nature, and emotional affinity toward nature. The tendency to pay attention to the whole (Attention) was related to a higher willingness to behave pro-environmentally in public spheres. Besides, the Causality was positively connected to engaging in preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The tendency to expect change from the future (Change) and supporting right-wing economic policies were negatively related. While the direction of causality remains unclear, these results suggest the possibility that thinking more holistically facilitates comprehending global threats and taking action to mitigate their effects
2.5d Vit: Vision Transformer Based Brain Age Estimation With 3d Brain Mri Pre-Processes
No full textSon zamanlarda doğal görüntü işleme görevinde kullanılan transformörler, görme görevlerine alternatif bir çözüm sunmaktadır. Görüntülerin işlenmesine olanak sağlayan görüntü transformör mimarisinin, güçlü dikkat mekanizması ve konumsal bilgiyi tutma yeteneği ile görüntü sınıflandırma görevinde etkili olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Görüntü sınıflandırmaya yenilikçi bir yaklaşım olan ViT, popüler veri setlerinde güncel CNN'lerden daha iyi performans göstermektedir. Ne yazık ki ViT yapısı 2D ile uyumlu olduğundan, saf haliyle 2 boyuttan fazla olan görüntüleri işleyemez. Bu çalışma, 3 boyutlu beyin MR görüntülerini işleyebilen 2.5D ViT adlı yeni bir ViT önermektedir. Model mimarisinde yapılan değişiklikler ve önerilen yöntemler sayesinde 2.5D ViT, 3D görüntülerden yaş tahminini güncel modellere göre daha iyi yapabilmektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışma, beyin MR görüntülerinin hem model mimarisi hem de ön işleme aşamaları üzerine geniş çaplı deneyler içermektedir. Üstün başarısıyla insanların hayatına etki eden Yapay Zeka tabanlı beyin analiz sistemleri, ideal 3 boyutlu beyin MR görüntülerine ihtiyaç duyar. Bu sistemler için ideal beyin MR görüntüleri elde etmek amacıyla en çok tercih edilen ön işleme teknikleri Yanlılık Alanı Düzeltme (Bias Field Correction), Kafatası Sıyırma (Skull Stripping) ve Çakıştırmadır (Registration). Ön işlemin görüntüleri standartlaştırdığı bilinse bile, ön işlemlerin son teknolojiye sahip ağlarda beyin yaşı tahmin sistemlerinin kalitesi üzerindeki etkisi titizlikle araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışma, IXI veri setinden alınan 3 boyutlu beyin MR görüntüleri üzerindeki Yanlılık Alanı Düzeltme ve Kafatası Sıyırma etkilerinin yanı sıra Çakıştırma sırasında uygulanan ön işlemlerin etkilerinin ve bunların sırasının kapsamlı bir şekilde gözlemlenmesini içermektedir. Beyin yaşı tahmini alanında popüler olan 3 boyutlu Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları modeli, ön işlemlerin beyin yaşı tahmini üzerindeki başarısı hakkında bilgi vermesi için kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın çıktıları, ön işleme yöntemleri olarak sırasıyla Kafatası Sıyırma, Yanlılık Alanı Düzeltme, Çakıştırma işlemleri Z-Score normalizasyonu ile kullanıldığında, 3 boyutlu Evrişimsel Sinir Ağının 6 yıllık ortalama mutlak hata ile farklı şekilde önceden işlenmiş görüntüler üzerinde eğitilen diğer modellerden daha iyi performans gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmayı önemli kılan bir diğer nokta ise beyin yaşı tahmini üzerinde kullanıma hazır SPM aracına benzer performans gösterebilecek ön işleme tekniklerini uygun sırayla önermesidir. Önerilen tekniklerle önceden işlenmiş 3 boyutlu beyin MR görüntüleri daha sonra yeni Görüntü Dönüştürücü (ViT) için girdi olarak kullanılmıştır. 2.5D ViT'in tasarımı, beyin yaşı tahmin performansını maksimuma çıkarırken bilgi kaybını en aza indirmeye odaklanır. 2.5D ViT tasarımı ViT'den farklı olarak SCA'dan RGB'ye dönüşüm mimarisi ve Ayrık Kosinüs Dönüşümü (AKD) içermektedir. SCA'dan RGB'ye dönüşüm, 3 boyutlu görüntülerin maksimum bilgiyle 2 boyutlu görüntülere dönüştürülmesini sağlarken, güçlü sıkıştırma kabiliyetine sahip AKD, ViT'deki Dönüştürücü kodlayıcıyı besleyen, yaşa bağlı özellikleri içeren, daha küçük boyutta özellik haritası elde etmek için kullanılır. Çeşitli deneylerden sonra 2.5D ViT, yanlılık düzeltmesinden sonra 5 yıl mutlak hata oranı ile en iyi performansı elde etmektedir. Sonuçlar, önerilen 2.5D ViT'nin beyin yaşı tahmini alanında 3 boyutlu Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları ile karşılaştırmalı sonuçlara sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Mutlak ortalama hataya ek olarak araştırılan istatistiksel değerler ise sırasıyla r değeri için 0.9, Spearman Korelasyon Katsayısı için 0.87 ve R Kare değeri ise ortalamada 0.78 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu değerler, yanlılık düzeltme işleminden sonraki değerlerdir.Recently, transformers offer an alternative solution to vision tasks. Vision transformer architecture allowing processing of images has proven to be effective on image classification task with its strong attention mechanism and the ability of retaining spatial information. ViT which is an innovative approach to image classification can outperform state-of-the-art CNNs on benchmarks. Unfortunately, since ViT structure is compatible with 2D, it can not handle images with more than 2 dimensions in its pure state. This study proposes a novel ViT named 2.5D ViT that estimate patients' ages from 3D brain MRIs. Thanks to the modifications made on the model architecture and the suggested methods, 2.5D ViT can estimate age from 3D images better than state-of-the-art models. In addition, this study includes immense experiments on both model architecture and pre-processing stages of brain MRI images. Brain analysis systems based on Artificial Intelligence that impact people's life with its superior success require ideal 3D brain MRI images. The most widely preferred pre-processing techniques to obtain ideal brain MRI images for these systems are Bias Field Correction (BFC), Skull Stripping (SS), and Registration. Even if pre-process standardizes images, it's impact on the quality of brain age estimation (BAE) on state-of-the-art networks has never been researched meticulously. This study, in addition to proposed model, includes a comprehensive observation of effects of applied pre-processes during registration in addition to the effects of BFC and SS and the order of those on 3D brain MRI images from IXI dataset. The state-of-the-art model which is 3D-CNN in the field of BAE provides information about success of pre-processes on BAE. The outputs of this study bring out that when the pre-processing methods, SS, BFC, Registration with Z-Score normalization are used respectively, 3D-CNN outperforms the other models trained on differently pre-processed images with MAE of 6 years. Another point that makes this study important is that it proposes pre-process techniques with appropriate order that can show similar performance on BAE to off-the shelf SPM tool. The pre-processed 3D brain MR images with the proposed techniques are then used as input for novel 2.5D Vision Transformer (ViT). The design of 2.5D ViT focuses on minimizing information loss while maximizing BAE performance. 2.5D ViT contains differently SCA to RGB tranformation architecture and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). While SCA to RGB tranformation provides transforming 3D images into 2D images with maximum information, DCT with its strong compression ability is used to get most age-related smaller region of input for Transformer encoder in ViT. After several experiments, 2.5D ViT achieves the best performance with MAE of 5 years, r Score of 0.9, Spearman's Correlation Coefficient of 0.87 and R Squared Coefficient of 0.78 on average, after bias correction. The results show that the proposed 2.5D ViT has comparative results with 3D-CNN in BAE field
A Meta-Analytic Review of the Association Between Theory of Mind and Aggression
No full textAlthough the association between theory of mind (ToM) and aggression has been theorized, empirical findings have not revealed a clear link between these constructs. In the current meta -analytic review, we integrated findings from 83 studies (141 effect sizes) involving 41,650 participants from 18 countries to elucidate the association between ToM and aggression in typically developing children, adolescents, and adults. We found a significant negative association between ToM and aggression overall (r = -0.15). Moreover, each type and function of aggression were negatively associated with Theory of Mind (ToM). Bullying-a distinct form of aggression-was not associated with ToM. The strength of the association between overall aggression and ToM varied as a function of methodological variables: First, studies that used self -report questionnaires to measure ToM and aggression yielded the strongest effect sizes, compared to those that used task -based assessments or questionnaires completed by others (parents, teachers, peers). Second, there was a difference in the ToM measurement with the measures examining ToM with non -false belief understanding tasks yielding a stronger mean effect than those that focused exclusively on false -belief understanding. Third, the magnitude of the negative association was found to increase with participants' age, though significant negative associations between ToM and aggression held across the lifespan. These results point to the critical link between ToM and aggressive tendencies and suggest the value in implementing interventions to improve mental state understanding across the age range to foster positive social interactions.Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities of Koc UniversityWe thank Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities of Koc University for supporting this research
Electric Vehicle Selection for Industrial Users Using an Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Copras-Based Model
No full textSimic, Vladimir/0000-0001-5709-3744According to reports from international bodies such as the World Health Organization and the United Nations, transportation is one of the leading contributors to environmental pollution and climate change. Electric vehicles present a practical solution to reducing emissions, particularly for industrial users. However, industrial users' selection of electric vehicles involves different dynamics than individual users, making it a more complex process for companies. This paper aims to evaluate the selection criteria for electric vehicle fleets among industrial users using a novel multi-criteria decision-making framework based on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets. The model assesses various factors influencing industrial users' decisions and ranks the available electric vehicle options accordingly. The results indicate that driving range, purchase price, and charging time are the most influential factors in the decision-making process. Furthermore, the findings confirm that the Tesla Model S P100D is the most suitable option for industrial users, given its superior performance in these critical criteria.Science Citation Index Expande
From Mass Marketing To Personalized Digital Marketing in Tourism: a 2050 Horizon Paper
No full textPurpose - The academic background of tourism marketing dates back to the 1960s. There had been a slight increase in its capacity until the early 1990s. However, since then, it has boomed, reaching thousands of scientific journal articles and tens of scientific books published only in English each year. Therefore, this study aims to present how tourism marketing has progressed academically within the past 60 years over four waves and how this progress may move forward as the next wave. Design/methodology/approach - A bibliometric analysis grounds this study, which characterizes the past and present of tourism marketing research and anticipates the future. Content analysis, such as word clouds and social network analysis, was adopted to identify topic clusters and their connections. A total of 9,239 articles published between 1969 and 2024 were extracted from Scopus. Software packages such as VOSviewer were used to determine connections within topics. Findings - The authors have assessed the findings broadly. Four waves were from the late 1960s to the first quarter of 2000. In spite of the limited size of papers at the early stage, the last wave saw a boom and a diversified number and category of subjects studied. In each wave, new subjects were added to broaden the picture. Research limitations/implications - The discussion of findings is based only on those scientific papers published in English since 1969 but excludes the whole list of textbooks. Subsequent research should also consider all papers and textbooks released in different languages to have the broadest picture assessment worldwide. Practical implications - The study conveys various suggestions for industry practitioners and policymakers to focus on carefully assessing trends in marketing tourism services and how these may be shaped shortly. This may help practitioners and policymakers redesign their services and marketing strategies in light of future developments. Originality/value - This study continues a recent study published by Kozak (2023) that has been elaborated, particularly from the industry perspective. The current study examines the academic profile of all subjects investigated in the case of tourism marketing, but mainly in an academic sense. Accordingly, this paper outlines the facts and trends researchers may follow throughout the research frame published in the past six decades.Social Science Citation Inde