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The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Maternal Behaviors in Infant Exploration
No full textBebeklerde keşif davranışı, bilişsel gelişimin temelini oluşturur ve bebeklerin problem çözme becerileri, alet kullanımı ve hedef odaklı davranışlarıyla ilişkilidir. Bazı çalışmalar, sosyoekonomik seviye (SES) ile bebeklerin keşfetme davranışı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki raporlamakta, ancak bu ilişki tüm çalışmalar tarafından desteklenmemektedir. Bu tez çalışmasının ilk amacı, SES ile bebeklerin keşif davranışı arasındaki ilişkide anne davranışlarının (yani, annenin keşfi teşvik edici, duyarlı ve dikkat yönlendirme/takip etme davranışları) düzenleyici rolünü araştırarak bu çelişkili bulguları açıklamaktır. Ayrıca, annenin dikkati yönlendirme/takip etme ve duyarlılığı gibi davranışları bebeklerin keşif davranışıyla ilişkili olarak araştırılmış olsa da, bebeklerin keşif davranışlarını teşvik edebilecek ebeveyn davranışlarını inceleyen araştırmalar sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın ikinci amacı, bebekleri keşfetmeye teşvik edebilecek belirli anne davranışları için bir kodlama şeması oluşturmak ve bu davranışlar ile bebeklerin keşif davranışları arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Çalışmaya laboratuvar ortamında 110 anne-bebek ikilisi (Ort(SS)bebek yaşı = 11,9(1,4), yaş aralığı = 9,7 - 15,9 ay) katılmıştır. Bebeklerin keşfetme davranışları, bebeklerin 6 dakika boyunca bireysel oyun oynadıkları videolardan kodlanmıştır. Anne davranışları ise 10 dakikalık anne-bebek serbest oyun videolarından kodlanmıştır. Sonuçlar, annenin dikkati takip etme oranının ve yönlendirme sıklığının SES ile bebek keşif davranışı arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamlı şekilde düzenlediğini; bu ilişkinin annenin dikkati takip etme (yönlendirme) davranışı daha fazla (daha az) görüldüğünde daha zayıf (daha güçlü) olduğunu göstermiştir. Annelerin keşif teşvik edici davranışlarıyla ilişkili olarak, daha uyarıcı sorular soran ve bebeklerine yeni nesneleri sıklıkla sunan annelerin bebeklerinin keşif davranışlarının daha fazla görüldüğü ve daha karmaşık olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, daha düşük sosyoekonomik seviyeye sahip ailelerden gelen bebeklerin kısıtlı çevresel kaynakları telafi etmek için annelerin dikkat takip davranışlarına daha fazla ihtiyaç duyabileceğini göstermektedir.Infant exploration lays the foundation of later cognitive development and is associated with infants' problem-solving skills, tool use, and goal-directed behavior. Although some studies report a significant relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and infant exploration, not all studies support this relationship. The first goal of this study was to investigate the moderating role of maternal behaviors (i.e., maternal encouragement of exploration, responsiveness, and attention-directing/following) in the relationship between SES and infant exploration to explain these contradictory findings. Moreover, while maternal behaviors such as attention-directing/following and responsiveness have been investigated in relation to infant exploratory behavior, the range of examined parental behaviors that might potentially encourage infant exploration is limited. Therefore, the second goal of this study was to create a coding scheme for specific maternal behaviors that may encourage infants to explore and examine the relations between these behaviors and infant exploration. Data were collected from 110 mother-infant dyads in a laboratory setting (M(SD)infant age = 11.9(1.4), age range = 9.7 - 15.9 months). Infant exploration was coded from 6-minute infant solo-play videos, and maternal behaviors were coded from 10-minute mother-infant free-play videos. Results showed that maternal attention-following proportion and directing frequency significantly moderated the relationship between SES and infant exploratory behavior, such that the association between SES and infant exploration was weaker (stronger) at higher levels of maternal attention-following (directing). Within our novel coding scheme for maternal encouragement behaviors, behaviors such as asking stimulating questions and offering novel objects were associated with greater and more complex infant exploration. In sum, this study introduces a new framework for coding maternal behaviors that support exploration and suggests that infants from lower-SES backgrounds may benefit more from maternal attention-following as a compensatory mechanism for fewer environmental resources
Intangible Heritage – Bridging Tangible and Intangible Heritage Through Placemaking: Senses of Belonging and Identification With Place
No full textDuring recent years, there have been several scholarly works that – instead of viewing tangible and intangible heritage as entirely separate entities – hint at an approach that not only acknowledges the intimate ties between the two, but also stresses their unambiguous embeddedness in social, political, cultural, and even psychological contexts. Corresponding to the interpretation of heritage as a “verb”, this chapter will also frame heritage as a complex and dynamic process connected to practices of placemaking that – as we will argue – further stresses the interrelatedness of tangible and intangible heritage. Starting from these premises, this chapter aims to illustrate different approaches in three different cities, which mutually enhance in/tangible heritage and placemaking: through our case studies of (1) the Bosphorus in Istanbul, Turkey, (2) the Machine of Santa Rosa in Viterbo, Italy and (3) the Bloomsday Festival in Szombathely, Hungary, we will investigate (1) narratives and stories, (2) traditions and rituals as well as (3) performances. While our cases showcase different stages in the processes of heritagization significantly differing through the dominance of top-down or bottom-up strategies, they will also underline our interpretation of heritage as a living system. Our cases not only illustrate how heritage can be a resource that connects people and places and how it can contribute to local identity and the sense of belonging, but they also shed light on the potential conflicts embedded in the processes that the linkages between placemaking and heritage can reveal in specific sociocultural contexts. The interrelatedness of tangible and intangible heritage is explored, highlighting the role of placemaking in shaping heritage and its socio-spatial practices. © 2025 by Kadir Has Üniversitesi
Reflection Predicts and Leads To Decreased Conspiracy Belief
No full textRecent research indicates a generally negative relationship between reflection and conspiracy beliefs. However, most of the existing research relies on correlational data on WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) populations. The few existing experimental studies are limited by weak manipulation techniques that fail to reliably activate cognitive reflection. Hence, questions remain regarding (1) the consistency of the negative relationship between conspiracy beliefs and cognitive reflection, (2) the extent of cross-cultural variation and potential moderating factors, and (3) the presence of a causal link between cognitive reflection and conspiracy beliefs. In two preregistered studies, we investigated the association between cognitive reflection and conspiracy beliefs. First, we studied the correlation between two variables across 48 cultures and investigated whether factors such as WEIRDness and narcissism (personal and collective) moderate this relationship. In the second study, we tested the causal effect of reflection using a reliable and effective manipulation technique—debiasing training—on both generic and specific conspiracy beliefs. The first study confirmed the negative association between reflection and belief in conspiracy theories across cultures, with the association being notably stronger in non-WEIRD societies. Both personal and collective narcissism played significant moderating roles. The second study demonstrated that debiasing training significantly decreases both generic and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs in a non-WEIRD context, with more pronounced effects for general conspiracy beliefs. Our research supports that reflection is a consistent cross-cultural predictor of conspiracy beliefs and that activating reflection can reduce such beliefs through rigorous experimental interventions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V
From 'Safe Haven' To 'zone of Precarity': Locating Istanbul Through the Perceptions and Everyday Urban Practices of Skilled Migrants
No full textThis article seeks to position Istanbul through the practices of everyday life of middle-class, skilled migrants from both the Global North and South and their perceptions of urban safety and precarity. It examines individuals' processes of migration to Turkey, revealing their initial impressions of Istanbul as a safe city of opportunities, and then analyses their everyday urban lives, highlighting hidden forms of precarity and discrimination. Through in-depth interviews with 45 women and 34 men-more than half of whom are North American and European-and participant observation in people's living environments and at various social events, I argue that Istanbul, while perceived as a 'safe haven' at first, becomes a 'zone of precarity' where most of the participants have experienced intersectional forms of precarity, latent patterns of discrimination, and insecurities that belie the common perception that skilled migrants are privileged. To substantiate this argument, this ethno-spatial study presents an analysis of qualitative data as well as an online subjective mapping of Istanbul, where perceptions of urban safety and spatial precarity are displayed through socio-spatial experiences encountered in neighbourhoods, workplaces, and public spaces.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK [221K001]; United Kingdom Research Innovation Global Challenges Research Fund [AH/S004025/1]This work is based on a research project, funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK 1001, under Grant [221K001], which is an extension of an international research project supported by the United Kingdom Research Innovation Global Challenges Research Fund [grant number AH/S004025/1].Social Science Citation Inde
A Motion Planner for Growing Reconfigurable Inflated Beam Manipulators in Static Environments
No full textSoft growing robots have the potential to be useful for complex manipulation tasks and navigation for inspection or search and rescue. They are designed with plant-like properties, allowing them to evert and steer multiple links and explore cluttered environments. However, this variety of operations results in multiple paths, which is one of the biggest challenges faced by classic pathfinders. In this letter, we propose a motion planner based on A search specifically designed for soft growing manipulators operating on predetermined static tasks. Furthermore, we implemented a stochastic data structure to reduce the algorithm's complexity as it explores alternative paths. This allows the planner to retrieve optimal solutions over different tasks. We ran demonstrations on a set of three tasks, observing that this stochastic process does not compromise path optimality.TUBITAK [2232-B, 121C145]This work was supported by TUBITAK 2232-B under Project 121C145.Science Citation Index Expande
Comprehensive Examination of Network Access, Logging, and Auditing Strategies in Public and Private Institutions: Safeguarding Information Security, Resilience, and Compliance in the Digital Era
No full textNetcetera and Ultra ComputingThis research paper delves into the intricacies of network access and communication, logging, and auditing practices within the contexts of public and private institutions. Network access and communication are vital components of information security, encompassing elements such as access controls, authentication, encryption, and network management. The study explores how institutions manage network access and communication to mitigate unauthorized access and ensure data integrity. Through a series of questions and features, we analyze the varying requirements and restrictions imposed on network accessibility, emphasizing the importance of tailored security measures. Additionally, the paper investigates the logging and auditing mechanisms employed by these institutions. Logging involves recording events within systems or networks, while auditing entails reviewing these logs for compliance and anomaly detection. A comparative analysis reveals similarities and differences in how public and private institutions handle sensitive data, link actions to users, and log successful or unsuccessful accesses. Furthermore, it explores the retention periods for logs, critical for compliance, auditing, and security. The research also highlights the significance of business continuity and disaster recovery plans in both sectors, ensuring data restoration and operational resilience during emergencies. By shedding light on the practices and policies in place, this paper offers valuable insights into the strategies employed by institutions to fortify their information security, resilience, and regulatory compliance in the digital age. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025
Authoritarian Statism, State-Capital Dynamics, and the Strategic Growth of the Turkish Defense Industry Post-2008
No full textBu tez, neoliberalizm ve otoriterlik arasındaki ilişkiyi, Türkiye'nin savunma sanayiindeki genişleme üzerinden incelemektedir. Poulantzas'ın 'otoriter devletçilik' kavramından yola çıkan çalışma, özellikle 2008 küresel ekonomik krizinin ardından devlet ve sermaye ilişkilerinin neoliberal çerçevede nasıl evrildiğini analiz etmektedir. Neoliberalizmin, yalnızca piyasa odaklı bir ideolojiden siyasi ve ekonomik kontrolü pekiştiren bir mekanizmaya dönüşerek devlet gücünü sermayeyi yeniden dağıtmak için kullanması, bu dönüşümün temelini oluşturmaktadır. AKP'nin savunma sektöründe müşteri odaklı ağları kullanması, bu değişimin somut bir örneği olup, devlet kaynaklarının siyasi olarak avantajlı gruplara tahsis edilmesi sürecini yansıtmaktadır. Savunma sanayi, hızlı büyümesi, devlet işletmelerine bağımlılığı ve stratejik önemi nedeniyle benzersiz bir inceleme alanı sunmaktadır. Erken Cumhuriyet döneminden AKP dönemine kadar uzanan bir tarihsel perspektifte, bu sektörün gelişimini izleyen araştırma, ekonomik politikalar ile otoriter yönetim arasındaki ilişkiyi vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, neoliberalizmin demokratik kurumları zayıflatmasını ve sosyal eşitsizliği artırarak ekonomik gücü merkezileştirmesini eleştirel bir şekilde ele almaktadır. Araştırma, siyasi ekonomi çerçevesini kullanarak hükümet belgeleri, akademik literatür ve performans raporları gibi kaynaklardan yararlanmakta ve savunma sektöründeki dönüşümü analiz etmektedir. Ayrıca, bu iç dinamiklerin Türkiye'nin daha iddialı bir dış politika duruşuna nasıl katkıda bulunduğunu incelemektedir. Bu tez, otoriter neoliberalizmi sermaye yeniden tahsisi stratejisi olarak yeniden çerçeveleyerek, yönetim, ekonomik eşitlik ve jeopolitik davranış üzerindeki derin etkilerini ortaya koyarak literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Devlet-Sermaye İlişkisi, Otoriter Devletçilik, Neoliberalism, Savunma SanayiThis thesis explores the nexus between neoliberalism and authoritarianism through the lens of Turkey's defense industry, focusing on its expansion under the AKP administration. Drawing on Poulantzas's concept of authoritarian statism, the study examines how state-capital relations evolved within the neoliberal framework, particularly after the 2008 global economic crisis. Neoliberalism's paradoxical use of state power to redistribute capital underlines its transformation from a purely market- oriented ideology to a mechanism for consolidating political and economic control. The AKP's use of clienteles networks in the defense sector exemplifies this shift, with capital reallocation aligning state resources with politically favorable factions. The defense industry provides a unique case study due to its rapid growth, reliance on state enterprises, and strategic importance. By tracing its development from the early Republican period to the AKP era, the research highlights the interplay between economic policies and authoritarian governance. This study critiques neoliberalism's erosion of democratic institutions and its role in fostering social inequality and centralizing economic power. The research employs a political economy framework, utilizing government documents, academic literature, and performance reports to analyze the transformation of the defense sector and its implications. It further connects these domestic dynamics to shifts in Turkey's foreign policy, marked by a more assertive international stance. This thesis contributes to the literature by reframing authoritarian neoliberalism as a strategy of capital reallocation, illustrating its profound impact on governance, economic equity, and geopolitical behavior. Keywords: Authoritarian Statism, Defense Industry, State-Capital Relations, Neoliberalis
Distinct Deregulation Trends of Transcriptional Protein Complexes in Aging Naive T Cells
No full textThe impact of aging on T cell subsets, specifically CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, leading to immune system dysfunction has been the focus of scientific investigation due to its potential to reverse age-associated deterioration. Transcriptomic and epigenomic studies have identified the primary regulators in T cell aging. However, comprehending the underlying dynamic mechanisms requires studying these proteins with their interactors. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing data of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells obtained from 3 different age groups with protein-protein and domain-domain interaction networks to predict and compare the transcriptional protein complexes and identify their capacity to explain age-associated variances. Our novel approach revealed significant effects of aging on the repertoire of complexes, which remains unchanged in naive CD4+ T cells, while in naive CD8+ T cells, it diminishes. In both cell types, there was major deregulation of complexes with the same composition, involving a range of transcription factors. This aging-associated deregulation is characterized by a specific set of protein complexes in naive CD4+ T cells, but this pattern is not observed in naive CD8+ T cells. SMAD3 and BCL11A complexes emerge as key markers in defining a trajectory in aging naive CD4+ T cells. These complexes can accurately distinguish between 3 different age groups, indicating their potential as targets. The direct link between SMAD3 and FOS complexes whose regulatory role has been previously implicated in aging and MBD3 as the novel key link between SMAD3 and BCL11A complexes implicates a coordinated mechanism in age-associated deregulation. © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Leukocyte Biology.Council of Higher Education of Turkey for the Council of Higher Education 100; 2000 Bioinformatics and Biostatistics; Council of Higher Education 100Science Citation Index Expande