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A New Median Filter Circuit Design Based on Atomic Silicon Quantum-Dot for Digital Image Processing and IoT Applications
No full textDigital image processing (DIP) is the ability to manipulate digital photographs via algorithms for pattern detection, segmentation, enhancement, and noise reduction. In addition, the Internet of Things (IoT) acts as the eye and system for all DIP in various applications. It can possess a camera or another image sensor in order to capture real-time data from its environment. All vital data is processed by image processing in such a way that it recognizes the object, detects an anomaly, and automatically decides in real-time. In addition, in an IoT system, the median filter is the technique used for noise reduction by substituting the value of the pixel with the central value of the surrounding pixels. It provides speed and efficiency for quick analysis in all IoT systems. However, the images can get corrupted, especially in resource-constrained IoT devices with small cameras, because of random glitches. Moreover, using new quantum technology like atomic-scale silicon dangling bond (DB) logic circuits, which have advanced in fabrication and become a strong contender for field-coupled nano-computing, can solve previous problems in IoT systems. In this article, we propose a unique quantum CSM based on two new proposed Mux and De-mux. The proposed CSM can be used for computational circuits like median filter circuits (MFC) in a wide range of digital circuits, specifically IoT devices. The proposed design is verified and validated using the powerful SiQAD tool. When comparing CSM to the newest designs, the suggested quantum circuit uses 85% less energy and takes up 61% less area.Science Citation Index Expande
Circular Economy in the Food Systems: a Review
No full textThe traditional linear economy model, characterized by the unsustainable "take-make-dispose" approach, leads to substantial resource depletion, environmental degradation, and excessive waste generation. The burgeoning need for a sustainable food system calls for a shift from the traditional open-loop linear model towards a circular economy. This review explores the transformative potential of circularity principles across various levels of food production. The closed-loop circular economy model, put forward by Walter Stahel, prioritizes efficient utilization of resources and waste minimization. It focuses on closing the loop with the food system by promoting regenerative agricultural practices, minimizing the generation of food waste and losses across the supply chain, and encouraging the valorization of waste and by-products. While acknowledging the challenges associated with this transformation, the review underscores the importance of a systematic transition. The transformation from linear to circular food systems necessitates the collective efforts of all the stakeholders, including farmers, producers, processors, retailers, and consumers. Moreover, the government and policymakers have a crucial role to play in terms of infrastructure development and crafting supportive policies to pave the way for successful transformation. By fostering educational initiatives that raise awareness about waste reduction, management, and valorization, alongside incentivizing circular economy practices, the food system can evolve into a more sustainable and closed-loop model, contributing to a more resilient future.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
Cycles of (Im)mobility: Floating Populations in the Case of Turkey
No full textAs the largest refugee-hosting country in the world, the case of Turkey represents a categorical example that manifests a varied set of legal and governing techniques to monitor millions of displaced people within a broad design of temporality and spatiality. At the intersection of Turkey’s contested gatekeeping role for Europe, an economic downturn, authoritarian rule, and the erosion of the rule of law, the multitude of displaced bodies becomes an instrument of population engineering characterized by remarkable flux. This chapter endeavors to dissect Turkey’s migration regime, revealing a complex legal precarity and temporal lacuna that are distinctly layered. This intricate legal and spatial/temporal architecture is routinely transcended, functioning as a self-failing mechanism aligning with the exigencies of the informal labor market and the prevailing political conjuncture. Consequently, it perpetually begets irregularity and arbitrariness. A set of governing technologies, at times paradoxical, transforms irregularized bodies into floating populations in cycles of (forced) movement. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Measuring the Semantic Priming Effect Across Many Languages
No full textSöylemez, Bahadır/0000-0002-0799-7291; Tiernan, Jake/0009-0003-7125-7970; Manriquez Robles, Diego/0000-0002-6394-7854Semantic priming has been studied for nearly 50 years across various experimental manipulations and theoretical frameworks. Although previous studies provide insight into the cognitive underpinnings of semantic representations, they have suffered from small sample sizes and a lack of linguistic and cultural diversity. In this Registered Report, we measured the size and the variability of the semantic priming effect across 19 languages (n = 25,163 participants analysed) by creating the largest available database of semantic priming values using an adaptive sampling procedure. We found evidence for semantic priming in terms of differences in response latencies between related word-pair conditions and unrelated word-pair conditions. Model comparisons showed that the inclusion of a random intercept for language improved model fit, providing support for variability in semantic priming across languages. This study highlights the robustness and variability of semantic priming across languages and provides a rich, linguistically diverse dataset for further analysis. The Stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 15 July 2022. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://osf.io/u5bp6 (registration) or https://osf.io/q4fjy (preprint version 6, 31 May 2022).South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority [2020023]; ANID/CONICYT FONDECYT Iniciacion [11190673]; Programa de Investigacion Asociativa en Ciencias Cognitivas [RU-158-2019]; Research Center on Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Chile [APVV-22-0458]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [72272048, 72343035, 72432003, 71902164, 71972065, 72272049, 72102060]; Post-Funding Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research of the Ministry of Education [21JHQ088]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Heisenberg Programme [442405852, 26254]; ERC Consolidator Grant [101087053]; ESSEC Business School Research Center (CERESSEC); Einstein Foundation Award through the PSA, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology; Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID); Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO); FWO [G049821N]; FundacAo para a Ciencia e Tecnologia through the Research Center CIS-Iscte [UID/PSI/03125/2020]; DFG [502774891-ORA, PID2020-118583GB-I00]; Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (Spain); HSE University Basic Research Program; IDN Being Human Incubator; JSPS KAKENHI [JP22K18263]; John Templeton Foundation [62631]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [DOI: 10.55776/ESP286]; National Science Centre, Poland [2019/35/B/HS6/00528]; Leverhulme Early Career Fellow [ECF-2022-761]; National Recovery and Resilience Plan; Italian Ministry of University - European Union-NextGenerationEU-project [2022TE3XMT]; CUP (Rinaldi) [F53D23004850006]; Italian Ministry of Health [2024]; Foundation for Polish Science START scholarship [(MEDIS:ON) CZ.02.01.01/00/23_025/0008713]; European Union [APVV-23-0421]; Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo of Chile [3537/2023]; National Science Center [2020/37/B/HS6/00610]; OTKA FK [APVV-22-0458, 146604, PRIMUS/24/SSH/017, CIAICO/2021/172]; Department of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of the Valencian Government; Research Grant Council of Hong Kong [17608621]; Scientific Excellence Incubator 'Being Human'; Leverhulme Trust [RPG-2020-035]; Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia [451-03-65/2024-03/200105]; Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, as part of the financial support of scientific research at the University of Belgrade-Faculty of Philosophy [451-03-66/2024-03/200163]; Prince Sultan University through the Applied Linguistics Research Lab [RL-CH-2019/9/1, PSI/01662]; School of Psychology, University of Minho; Foundation for Science and Technology through the Portuguese State Budget [UIDB/PSI/01662/2020]; ERDF/ESF project TECHSCALE [CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004587, 882168]; Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG); Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [435-2021-1074]; European Union-NextGenerationEU; Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University) [ANR-18-IDEX-0001, ANR-20-FRAL-0008]; University Excellence Fund of ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; Janos Bolyai scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Universite Grenoble Alpes; Institut Universitaire de FranceA.D.A. was supported by the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (no. 2020023). J.L.U. was supported by ANID/CONICYT FONDECYT Iniciacion 11190673, Programa de Investigacion Asociativa en Ciencias Cognitivas (RU-158-2019), Research Center on Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Chile. P.K. was supported by APVV-22-0458. Y.Z. was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos 72272048, 72343035, 72432003, 71902164, 71972065, 72272049 and 72102060) and the Post-Funding Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research of the Ministry of Education (grant no. 21JHQ088). S.W. was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Heisenberg Programme (funding ID: 442405852). Y.A.N., A. Stuckler, F.T., M.H.C. and S. Pfattheicher supported the data collection in Danish with Interacting Minds Centre seed grant no. 26254. M. Marelli was supported by ERC Consolidator Grant 101087053 (project 'BraveNewWord'). A. Sepehri was supported by ESSEC Business School Research Center (CERESSEC). E.M.B. was supported by funding from the Einstein Foundation Award through the PSA, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, and the Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID). C.H. was supported by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), grant no. FWO G049821N. P.A. was supported by FundacAo para a Ciencia e Tecnologia through the Research Center CIS-Iscte (UID/PSI/03125/2020). M. Koster was supported by DFG grant no. 290878970-GRK 2271. M. Cavdan was supported by DFG project no. 502774891-ORA project 'UNTOUCH'. M. A. Vadillo was supported by grant no. PID2020-118583GB-I00 from Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (Spain). D. Grigoryev was supported by HSE University Basic Research Program. S.C.R. and P.S. were supported by IDN Being Human Incubator. Y. Yamada was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (JP22K18263). K. Schmidt was supported by the John Templeton Foundation. R.M.R. was supported by the John Templeton Foundation (grant ID: 62631). K.K. was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (grant DOI: 10.55776/ESP286). K.B. and E.I. were supported by a grant from the National Science Centre, Poland (2019/35/B/HS6/00528). M.M.E. was supported by Leverhulme Early Career Fellow ECF-2022-761. L.R. was supported by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.1, Call for Tender No. 104 published on 2 February 2022 by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU-project title 'The World in Words: Moving beyond a spatiocentric view of the human mind (acronym: WoWo)', project code 2022TE3XMT, CUP (Rinaldi) F53D23004850006; and by the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente 2024). M. Kowal was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science START scholarship. I.R. was supported by Mediated Society (MEDIS:ON) CZ.02.01.01/00/23_025/0008713, which is co-financed by the European Union and by APVV-23-0421. D.M.-R. was supported by a National Master's Scholarship from the Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo of Chile 3537/2023. R.J. was supported by the National Science Center (2020/37/B/HS6/00610). A.M.A. was supported by the OTKA FK 146604 research grant. M. Adamkovi was supported by PRIMUS/24/SSH/017; APVV-22-0458. M. Perea was supported by grant no. CIAICO/2021/172 from the Department of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of the Valencian Government. J.H.-w.H. was supported by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong (GRF no. 17608621 to Hsiao). A. Sorokowska was supported by Scientific Excellence Incubator 'Being Human'. W.D. was supported by the FWO, project no. G049821N. K. Wolfe was supported by the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2020-035). T.V.P. was supported by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, according to the contract on the financial support of the scientific research of teaching staff at accredited higher-education institutions in 2024, contract no. 451-03-65/2024-03/200105. Z.P. was supported by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, as part of the financial support of scientific research at the University of Belgrade-Faculty of Philosophy (contract no. 451-03-66/2024-03/200163). D.A.S.E.-D. was supported by Prince Sultan University through the Applied Linguistics Research Lab (RL-CH-2019/9/1). M. Comesana was supported by The study corresponding to European Portuguese data was conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (PSI/01662), School of Psychology, University of Minho, and was supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology through the Portuguese State Budget (Ref.: UIDB/PSI/01662/2020). Z.M. and R.Z. were supported by ERDF/ESF project TECHSCALE (no. CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004587). K.F. was supported by a Marie-Curie-Fellowship (882168). F.S. was supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). S.D.D. was supported by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada grant (grant no. 435-2021-1074). M. Montefinese was supported by the Investment line 1.2 'Funding projects presented by young researchers' (CHILDCONTROL) from the European Union-NextGenerationEU. I.S.P. was supported by a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University). C. Blaison was supported by ANR-18-IDEX-0001 and ANR-20-FRAL-0008. T.N. was supported by the University Excellence Fund of ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary, and the Janos Bolyai scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. D. Muller was supported by Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut Universitaire de France. We thank I. Castillejo for their assistance with data collection. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the paper. An introductory sentence in the paper was edited for clarity: "Semantic priming is defined as the decrease in response latency (that is, reduced linguistic processing or facilitation) for target words that are semantically related to their cue words in comparison to unrelated cue words". Links to the supplementary materials were added to the Methods for direct access to noted materials
Multi-Omics Profiling Uncovers LINC00486-Associated LncRNA Regulation in Human Traumatic Brain Injury
No full textBackground : Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces broad molecular changes in the human brain, altering gene expression in diverse neural and glial cells. While the transcriptional effects of TBI on protein-coding genes are well characterized, the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), key regulators of gene expression and chromatin, remain largely unknown. Objective : Our objective was to identify lncRNAs altered in TBI and explore their potential regulatory functions. Methods : We applied an integrative multi-omics approach combining single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), isoform-level transcriptomics, transposable element (TE) annotation, and RNA-binding protein (RBP) interaction analyses. Public snRNA-seq datasets from cortical tissues of 12 TBI patients and 5 controls were analyzed to resolve injury-driven transcriptional signatures. We have performed differential expression analysis on 12,801 human lncRNAs, examined isoform-specific expression with TE content, and explored RBP–lncRNA interactions using CLIP-seq data. Results : Cell-type diversity decreased in TBI, and reactive and progenitor-like states were expanded. We identified 190 upregulated lncRNAs, mainly in glial cells. Among these, LINC00486 emerged as a brain-enriched lncRNA consistently increased after TBI. Isoform analysis showed its dominant brain isoform contains LINEs and LTRs, linking it to regulatory networks associated with endogenous retroelement activation. Functional enrichment connected LINC00486 to neurodevelopment, serotonin metabolism, and neuroinflammatory pathways. CLIP-seq data confirmed its interactions with stress-responsive RBPs such as AGO2 and TARDBP. Conclusions : Our multi-omics analysis identifies LINC00486 as a potential regulator of transcriptional plasticity in TBI. Its TE content and RBP interactions suggest a role in lncRNA-mediated regulatory networks during injury, highlighting possible therapeutic targets in neurotrauma. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Perseverative Effort and Grit But Not Gratitude Are Protective Against the Onset of Anxiety for Cognitively At-Risk Individuals
No full textRiskind, John/0000-0003-1565-6021Grit and gratitude protect against depression caused by cognitive vulnerability factors like hopelessness and rumination. This study examined whether these personality strengths could buffer against a cognitive vulnerability for anxiety, the looming cognitive style (LCS). A prospective design was used with university students (N = 247; 86.2% female; aged between 18 and 60) completing online questionnaires two times 6 weeks apart that assessed LCS, grit, gratitude, and anxiety and depression. Path analyses revealed that LCS had a significant main effect and a theoretically expected interaction effect on anxiety symptoms with "grit perseverance but not with "grit consistency" or gratitude. Neither LCS, grit perseverance nor gratitude had any effects on depression symptoms, although an effect emerged for grit consistency. This study is the first to our knowledge to examine how personality strengths protect individuals against a cognitive vulnerability that is more specific to anxiety symptomatology than to depression. Along with other studies, the findings further suggest that a crucial way grit and personality strengths provide benefit is by protecting against cognitive vulnerabilities.Social Science Citation Inde
Potential Allosteric Sites Investigated in Hexokinase of Plasmodium Vivax and Humans, to Identify Possible Species-Specific Drugs
No full textCritical Minerals for a Sustainable Future: The Case of Turkey
No full textÜlkelerin Paris Anlaşması kapsamındaki net sıfır emisyon hedeflerine rağmen, atmosferdeki insan kaynaklı sera gazı emisyonlarında artış yaşanmış, bu durum da küresel sıcaklıkların sanayi öncesi döneme kıyasla 1,1°C'nin üzerine çıkmasına ön ayak olmuştur. Enerji sektörü iklim değişikliğine katkı sağlayan başlıca etkenlerden biri olduğundan, küresel ısınmanın sınırlanması, temiz enerji teknolojilerinin yaygın olarak kullanılmasını gerektirmektedir. Ancak, fosil yakıtlardan düşük karbonlu ve yenilenebilir enerjiye geçiş, enerji jeopolitiği dinamiklerinde köklü bir değişime yol açmaktadır. Temiz enerji teknolojileri daha fazla miktarda ve çeşitli kritik minerallere ihtiyaç duyduğundan, bu mineraller net sıfır senaryolarının önemli bir bileşeni hâline gelmiştir. Fakat, kritik minerallere artan bağımlılık, sınırlı miktarları, çeşitli coğrafyalardaki yoğun mevcudiyetleri, çevre, sosyal ve yönetişim kaynaklı endişeler ve bölgesel/küresel gerilimler nedeniyle, başta enerji dâhil olmak üzere, çeşitli sektörleri etkilemektedir. Bu minerallerin artan önemi, yerli üretim, işleme, geri dönüşüm ve tedarik çeşitlendirmesini güçlendirmeyi amaçlayan kritik mineral stratejilerinin artmasına yol açmıştır. Türkiye, 2053 yılına kadar net sıfır emisyona ulaşmayı ve 2030 yılına kadar emisyonlarını %41 oranında azaltmayı taahhüt etmiştir. Temiz enerji teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesi, kesintisiz bir şekilde kritik minerallere erişimi gerektiren iklim politikasının ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Ancak, Türkiye'nin bir kritik mineral stratejisi bulunmamaktadır ve Türkiye'nin kritik mineral potansiyeli üzerine literatürde boşluk bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, öncelikle küresel kritik mineral arzına dair güncel bir değerlendirme ortaya koymaktadır. Ardından, Türkiye'nin kritik mineral kaynakları/rezervleri, üretimi, işlemesi, ticareti ve geri dönüşümüne ilişkin verileri analiz ederek Türkiye'nin kritik mineralleri hakkındaki literatür boşluğunu doldurmaktadır. Çalışma, Türkiye'nin zayıf yönetişim uygulamaları, yetersiz altyapısı ve teknolojileri, ilgili mevzuatlarındaki sorunlar ve bölgesel/küresel çatışmalara rağmen bazı kritik minerallerin piyasalarında önemli bir oyuncu olma potansiyeli olduğu kanısında bulunmaktadır. Son olarak, ülkenin yerli kapasitesini artırmayı ve dış tedariklere olan bağımlılığını azaltmayı amaçlayan bir yol haritası sunmaktadır.Increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations led to global warming over 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels, despite countries' Paris Agreement commitments to net zero emission targets. As the energy sector is the largest contributor to climate change, limiting global warming necessitates the widespread adoption of clean energy technologies. Hence, the dynamics of energy geopolitics are poised for a radical change due to the transition from fossil fuels to low-carbon and renewable energy. Since clean energy technologies require a greater quantity and variety of critical minerals, they became an essential component of net zero scenarios. However, the growing reliance on critical minerals impacts various sectors, including energy, due to their finite nature, high geographical concentration, ESG concerns, and regional/global tensions. Their growing importance has driven an increase in critical mineral strategies, which aim to bolster their domestic production, processing, recycling, and supply diversification. Turkey has also committed to achieving net zero emissions by 2053 and reducing its emissions by 41% by 2030. Developing clean energy technologies is an integral part of its overarching climate policy, which requires uninterrupted access to critical minerals. However, Turkey does not have a critical mineral strategy, and there is a literature gap on Turkey's critical mineral potential. This study first provides an up-to-date snapshot of the global critical mineral supply. It then bridges the gap in the literature on Turkey's critical minerals, analyzing the data on its resources/reserves, production, processing, trade, and recycling. It affirms Turkey's potential to become a key player for some critical minerals, despite its weak governance, insufficient infrastructure and technologies, regulatory challenges, and regional conflicts. It then provides a roadmap for the country, which aims at enhancing its domestic capabilities and reducing its dependence on external supplies
Evaluation of the Financial Performance of the Textile and Apparel Industry in Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Environment
No full textThe Turkish textile and apparel sector plays a crucial role in the national economy through employment, exports, and investment. The financial performance of companies is a key determinant of their sustainability and competitiveness, especially in global markets. The Turkish textile and apparel sector is one of the essential industries in terms of macro-economic indicators such as net foreign exchange inflow, employment and investment. This sector is also one of the critical actors in world trade. A robust performance evaluation model is essential for stakeholders such as investors, creditors, and managers. However, the assessment of firms is a very critical decision involving uncertainty due to various conflicting criteria based on judgements. In this study, an integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model including interval type-2 fuzzy hierarchy process (IT2FAHP) and Compromise Ranking of Alternatives from Distance to Ideal Solution (CRADIS) approaches are proposed to assess the financial performance of Turkish textile and clothing firms that are traded in Borsa I(center dot)stanbul ((BIST)-S-center dot) in the period from 2006 to 2020. In line with the determined purpose, the arithmetic average of the determined financial ratios during the analysis period covering 15 years is computed to obtain long-term performance indicators. The importance weights of the selected financial criteria for the performance evaluation model are identified by employing the IT2FAHP approach. Then, the firms are ranked according to their financial performances with the CRADIS method. In addition, the results from the sensitivity analysis validate the proposed approach and prove that it is practical. Moreover, practical and managerial implications are discussed based on the results. The results offer valuable insights for strategic decision-making and can support efforts to enhance financial stability in the textile and apparel sector. According to the results, "LUKSK" had the highest long-term financial performance among the 11 companies discussed. This company is followed by BOSSA, YATAS, and ATEKS companies. The alternatives confirm the robustness of the proposed model in maintaining its place in the ranking in 190 scenarios. In addition, the comparative analysis confirms the consistency of the proposed ranking framework
Reading Urbicide Through Fundamental Urban and Architectural Elements
No full textSur ilçesinde 2016 yılında yaşanan çatışmalar hem bölge siyasetini hem de iç siyaseti doğrudan etkiledi. Çatışmalar, tarihi ve kültürel bir merkez olan bu ilçede uzunca bir süre sokağa çıkma yasağı ilan edilmesine sebep oldu ve bu sebeple oldukça yoğun bir çatışma deneyimi yaşandı. Kürt hareketinin hem entelektüel hem de politik merkezi olması ve tarihi ve karmaşık bir kentsel dokusunun olması, Sur'un araştırma sahası olarak seçilmesinde etkili oldu. Bu tez, bu bağlamda, kentsel çatışmalar sırasında mimari unsurların uğradığı dönüşümleri Sur ilçesi örneği üzerinden incelemektedir. Kapı, duvar, pencere gibi temel unsurların savaş zamanlarında değişen işlevleri ve anlamları analiz edilerek kentin savaş ile kurduğu ilişki anlaşılmaya ve anlatılmaya çalışıldı. Bu araştırma ile, bu kentsel elementlerin daha geniş sosyo-politik ve hukuki yapılarla kurduğu ilişkilerin insanların mikro deneyimleri ile doğrudan ilişkili olduğunu iddia ediyorum. Çatışma dönemine ve sonrasına ait hava fotoğrafları, çatışma aktörlerinin günlükleri, sosyal medya paylaşımları ve açık kaynak verileri analiz edilerek haritalamalar yapıldı ve bir dizi diyagramlar hazırlandı. Çatışmalı dönemde yayınlanan raporlar ve bazı saha gözlemleri de bunların hazırlanmasına imkân sağladı. Kentin çatışmalı bölgelerinin kent-kırıma uğraması ve sonrasındaki soylulaştırma süreci de bu bağlamda değerlendirildi. Çalışmanın bulguları, savaşın kentsel mekanları ve materyal kimliklerini nasıl yeniden tanımladığını, mimari elementlerin nasıl çatışmanın hem tanıkları hem de aktörleri haline geldiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, bu dönüşümlerin sosyo-politik ve kültürel etkileri ile çatışma sonrası yeniden inşa sürecinde Sur'un özgün kent dokusunun korunması ve belleğin yaşatılmasına yönelik zorluklara da dikkat çekilmektedir.The conflicts that took place in Sur district in 2016 directly influenced both regional and domestic politics. These conflicts led to an extended period of curfews in this historic and cultural center, resulting in an intense conflict experience. Sur selected as a case because of its central intellectual and political position in Kurdish movement as well as its historical and complex urban fabric. Within this context, this thesis examines the transformations of architectural elements during urban conflicts, focusing on the Sur district as a case study. By analyzing the changing functions and meanings of fundamental elements such as doors, walls, and windows during wartime, the study aims to understand and narrate the relationship between the city and war. This research argues that the interactions of these urban elements with broader socio-political and legal structures are directly linked to individuals' micro-experiences. Aerial photographs from the conflict and post-conflict period, diaries of conflict actors, social media posts by the soldiers, and open-source data were analyzed to create mappings and a series of diagrams. Reports published during the conflict period and some field observations also contributed to these outputs. The urbicide experienced by conflictaffected areas and the subsequent gentrification process also evaluated within this framework. The findings of the study reveal how war redefines urban spaces and material identities, turning architectural elements into both witnesses and actors of conflict. Furthermore, the research highlights the socio-political and cultural implications of these transformations, as well as the challenges in preserving Sur's unique urban fabric and sustaining its memory during the post-conflict reconstruction process