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Football Agent Contracts
No full textFutbol dünyasının sorunlarında günah keçisi ilan edilmiş menajerler, her zaman şikâyet edilen ancak hizmetlerinden de vazgeçilemeyen bir paydaş konumundadır. Sporcuların keşfedilmesinden başlayarak kariyerlerinin kişisel özelliklerine uygun olarak ve en iyi ekonomik koşullarda şekillenmesine yardım ederlerken; kulüplerin de talep ettiği oyuncularla arzulanan maliyetlerde anlaşma hedefine aracılık ederler. Bu önemli faaliyetlerine rağmen menajerlik düzenlemeleri hususunda halen somut ve verimli bir düzen yaratılamamıştır. Önceleri, sahip olunması için ciddi çaba gerektiren FIFA Lisansı uygulaması 2015 yılında yürürlüğe giren Aracılarla Çalışma Talimatı ile kaldırılmış ve FIFA tarafından gerçekleştirilen deregülasyon ile menajerlerin; idaresi, denetimi ve soruşturulmaları yerel federasyonlara bırakılmıştır. Yedi yılı aşan uygulama sürecinde deragülasyonun etkilerine bakıldığında ülkeler arasında uygulama farklılıklarının görülmesi, faaliyetlerin ağırlıklı olarak lisanssız menajerlerce icrası ve işlemlerde şeffaflığın sağlanamaması gibi gerekçelerle paydaşlar, deragülasyonun başarısız olduğu hususunda hemfikirdir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde futbol menajerliği kavramına ve işlevine dair tespitler yapılmışken ikinci bölümde futbol menajerliği sözleşmesine dair FIFA'nın yürürlükteki ve yürürlükten kalkan talimatları, üye ülkelerin düzenlemelerinden örnekler ile karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, menajerlik faaliyetlerinin eskiden olduğu gibi FIFA lisansı almaya hak kazanan kişilerce gerçekleştirilmesinde fayda görülmüş; hem FIFA hem TFF tarafından ücret sınırlamaları, eğitim gereklilikleri ve menajerlik ödemelerinin etkin denetiminin gerçekleştirilmesi ile lisanssız faaliyetlerin ve kural ihlallerinin cezalandırılmasına yönelik dair çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.Football agents seem to be consistently considered as 'the scapegoat' stakeholder of the football world and yet their services cannot be foregone. Starting from scratch with the scouting of the young athletes, football agents tend to remain present throughout the career of sportspersons to help them shape their career journeys in the most suitable way in view of their personal characteristics and in the best economic conditions possible, while pursuing, on the other hand, the goal of finding and reaching the desired players within desired economic conditions for clubs. Despite the important activities they have been carrying out for many years, a concrete and efficient system has not been created for agents. FIFA License, which previously required serious effort to obtain, was abolished with the Regulations on Working with Intermediaries that came into force in 2015 by FIFA. With this deregulation; the management, administration, control and investigation of the football agents were left to the local federations. When the effects of deragulation over the seven-year period are examined, it is observed that almost all of the stakeholders deem the deragulation to form a failure, mainly due to differences in implementation between countries, unlicensed activities and lack of transparency. In the beginning of this study, the concept and the main functions of football agents are discussed in detail. Later on, the legal nature of the football agent contract is examined, by means of comparing the current and repealed local and international regulations. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that it would be appropriate to restore the FIFA License requirement for the execution of agents' activities. Accordingly, the author finds it beneficial for both FIFA and TFF to effectively monitor the salary limitations and training obligations and to process penalty mechanisms for unlicensed activities and violation of the rules
Re-Investigating the Effect of the Vergence-Accommodation Conflict on 3d Pointing
No full textBatmaz, Anil Ufuk/0000-0001-7948-8093; Stuerzlinger, Wolfgang/0000-0002-7110-5024; Barrera Machuca, Mayra Donaji/0000-0002-8057-7103; Turkmen, Rumeysa/0000-0002-1035-7703The vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) limits user performance in current Virtual Reality (VR) systems. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the VAC in a single-focal VR system using three experimental conditions: with no VAC, with a constant VAC, and with a varying VAC. Previous work in this area had yielded conflicting results, so we decided to re-investigate this issue. Eighteen participants performed an ISO 9241:411 task in a study that closely replicates previous work, except that the angle of the task space was rotated 20 degrees downward, to make the task less fatiguing to perform, which addresses a potential confound in previous work. We found that the varying VAC condition had worse performance than the other conditions, which indicates that the contrasting results in previous work were very likely due to biomechanical factors. We hope that our work contributes to the understanding of the influence of the VAC in VR systems and potential strategies for improving user experience and performance in immersive virtual environments
CHAOTIC – DETERMINISTIC OR RANDOM NATURE OF EARTHQUAKES: A PHASE SPACE ANALYSIS
No full textUsing the phase space approach, time series analysis of high EV1 and low EV2 intense two different earthquakes that occurred at the nearly same precise spot, at different times, and were measured with the same sensor of a broadband station were studied. Time series data of strong, large (EV1) and weak, small (EV2) two earthquake events were analyzed by dividing them into three different regions. Fractal dimensions of the EV1 and EV2 were produced using the box-counting algorithm for east-west (BHE), north-south (BHN), and vertical (BHZ) components. The small, weak earthquake, EV2, created a larger fractal dimension in phase space by implying its random nature in all regions. However, EV1 is a strong, large earthquake that presents deterministic oscillatory behavior at a long-time region. Oscillatory behavior can be named surface wave. EV2 exhibits weak, high-frequency ground oscillations similar to fibrillation before and after the earthquake in the long-term areas. © 2023, Symmetrion. All rights reserved
Gastrodiplomacy in Turkey: 'saving the world' or neoliberal conservative cultural policies at work
No full textGastrodiplomacy is an external project because it is a struggle to represent and promote a country internationally. It is, however, an internal project as well since building a 'strong' nation is foremost a domestic public project. In this article, we focus on how a sense of nation is created in Turkey's gastrodiplomacy efforts and how these turn into cultural policy when we recognize the domestic public as the target. To be able to discuss gastrodiplomacy and its discontents in Turkey, we look at First Lady Emine Erdogan's use of culinary culture for promotional purposes. We particularly focus on the first gastrodiplomacy project of Turkey - the publication of a Turkish cookbook and its book launch in 2021. Our main aim is to understand how Emine Erdogan uses food to dictate a specific political agenda and how this political agenda has to do with conservative gender politics and neoliberal cultural policies
A New Design of Parity Preserving Reversible Vedic Multiplier Targeting Emerging Quantum Circuits
No full textReversible logic is used increasingly to design digital circuits with lower power consumption. The parity preserving (PP) property contributes to detect permanent and transient faults in reversible circuits by comparing the input and output parity. Multiplication is also considered one of the primary operations in both digital and analog circuits due to its wide applications in digital signal processing and computer arithmetic operations. Accordingly, Vedic mathematics, as a set of techniques sutras, has become popular and is extensively used to solve mathematical problems more efficiently and faster. This work proposes three PP reversible blocks, N-1, N-2, and N-3, which are used to develop a novel effective 2-bit PP reversible Vedic multiplier and 4-bit ripples carry adders (RCAs). Moreover, 2-bit Vedic multiplier and RCA are used to develop the 4-bit PP reversible Vedic multiplier. The proposed designs outperform the most relevant state-of-the-art structures in terms of garbage output (GO), constant input (CI), gate count (GC), and quantum cost (QC). Average savings of 22.37%, 35.44%, 35.44%, and 34.76%, and 17.76%, 26.60%, 24.52%, and 27.27% respectively, are observed for two-bit and four-bit PP reversible Vedic multipliers in terms of QC, GO, CI and GC as compared to previous works
Introduction: Economy and Foreign Policy in a Multipolar World
No full textMany developing countries hitting the limits of neoliberal globalization have started experimenting with alternative development paradigms, especially since the 2008 global financial crisis, to increase their resilience and reduce their external economic exposure. This book focuses on this transformation and develops a regime coherence framework that explores institutional complementarities between the development and foreign policy regimes to assess under what conditions a country can implement development-oriented foreign policy. We argue that development-oriented foreign policy provides a firm grounding for developing countries to capitalize on the opportunities and reduce the risks under multipolarity. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Ministry of Science, Industry, and Technology, and Technology Development Foundation of Turkey; T.C. Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmeleri Geliştirme ve Destekleme İdaresi Başkanlığı, KOSGEB; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK; Ministerio de Foment
İşçinin Ulaşılabilir Olmama Hakkı
No full textTeknolojideki gelişmeler akıllı telefon, bilgisayar ve internetin yaygınlaşmasını sağlamıştır. Bu sayede insanoğlunun birbiri ile iletişimi yeni bir boyuta taşınmış insanoğlu her an her yerde “online” olabilme imkanına kavuşmuştur. Bu durum çalışma yaşamına da sirayet etmiş ve işçinin işyeri ve çalışma saatlerinden sonra da işveren, işverenin diğer işçileri veya müşterileri tarafından işe dair konularda ulaşılabilir olmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu durumun işçinin dinlenme ve özel yaşam hakkına müdahale ve hatta ihlal boyutuna erişmesi karşısında işçinin ulaşılabilir olmama hakkı tartışılır hale gelmiştir. Çalışmamızda öncelikle işçinin ulaşılabilir olmama hakkına neden ihtiyaç duyulduğu açıklanmıştır. Akabinde işçinin ulaşılabilir olmama hakkına ilişkin hukukumuzda yasal bir düzenleme bulunmayışı nedeniyle ulaşılabilir olmama hakkının dinlenme hakkı ve özel yaşam hakkı ile bağlantısı ele alınmıştır. Çalışmamızın devam eden bölümünde işverenin yönetim yetkisini kullanarak işçinin ulaşılabilir olmama hakkına müdahale edip edemeyeceği incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda işverenin yönetim yetkisinin sınırları ele alınmıştır. Yönetim yetkisinin sınırlandırılmasının yanı sıra işverenin işçiyi koruma borcunun da ulaşılabilir olmama hakkının işçiye tanınmasını gerektirip gerektirmeyeceği tartışılmıştır. İşçinin iş sözleşmesinde rıza göstermesi veya işveren talebi olmaksızın bireysel tavır ile ulaşılabilir olması konuları da bu bölümde işlenmiştir. Çalışmamızın son bölümünde ise işçinin ulaşılabilir olmama hakkının korunmaması durumu ele alınmış, ihlal durumunda işçinin ne gibi hakları olabileceği tartışılmıştır
To Shop or Not To Shop While Traveling? Exploring the Influence of Shopping Mall Attributes on Overall Tourist Shopping Satisfaction
No full textThe shopping experience may impact tourists' overall dis/satisfaction and, subsequently, the destination's local economy. To address this importance, the current study focused on six important criteria - environmental performance, geographical location, human resources, marketing, services and welfare recreational facilities - that also include twenty-four sub-criteria that had been identified and proposed after a comprehensive review of relevant literature. Combining fuzzy set theory and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method, the causal relationship of each criterion and its sub-criteria and the key influencing factors for the quality of tourists' shopping mall satisfaction were identified. Also, the links between the main criteria and sub-criteria were uncovered, and their weights were determined. The results indicate that the 'marketing' criterion has had the most substantial influence on the quality of shopping mall satisfaction, while the additional variables include 'services', 'human resources', 'welfare recreational facilities', 'environmental performance' and 'geographical location'. The study provides a list of implications for both the literature and practice
Healthcare 4.0 and Decision-Making Techniques in the Health Industry: a Systematic Literature Review
No full textThe current study examines the state-of-the-art literature on using MCDM frames to solve various evaluation problems faced in the health industry. As is known, the health industry has a highly complicated and dynamic structure. Moreover, the requirement to use advanced technology in almost all phases of the treatment process makes it challenging to handle these assessment problems faced in the healthcare industry. Also, these requirements make evaluation and selection processes more complicated for practitioners, as they produce many complicated uncertainties aside from existing ambiguities. Therefore, the health industry is one of the promising fields of application for scholars dealing with decision-making approaches and proposing a new methodology. The authors applied a systematic literature review approach to determine the gaps and key research themes and synthesize the findings. The study concludes with recommendations about the research framework to help the authors carry out future works on this issue. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd
Cryogenic X-Ray Crystallographic Studies of Biomacromolecules at Turkish Light Source Turkish Delight
No full textX-ray crystallography is a robust and powerful structural biology technique that provides high-resolution atomic structures of biomacromolecules. Scientists use this technique to unravel mechanistic and structural details of biological macromolecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, protein complexes, protein-nucleic acid complexes, or large biological compartments). Since its inception, single-crystal cryocrystallography has never been performed in Turkiye due to the lack of a single-crystal X-ray diffractometer. The X-ray diffraction facility recently established at the University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkiye will enable Turkish and international researchers to easily perform high-resolution structural analysis of biomacromolecules from single crystals. Here, we describe the technical and practical outlook of a state-of-the-art home-source X-ray, using lysozyme as a model protein. The methods and practice described in this article can be applied to any biological sample for structural studies. Therefore, this article will be a valuable practical guide from sample preparation to data analysis.NSF Science and Technology Center; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Tuerkiye (TUEBITAK [118C225]; TUEBITAK 2232 International Outstanding Researchers Program [118C270]; 1001 Scientific and Technological Research Projects Funding Program of the TUEBITAK [NSF-1231306]; [118C476]; [121C063]; [120Z520]Authors would like to dedicate this manuscript to the memory of Dr Albert E. Dahlberg and Dr Nizar Turker. The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of the services and Turkish Light Source (Turkish DeLight) X-ray facility at the University of Health Sciences, Experimental Medicine Application & Research Center, Validebag Research Park. The authors gratefully acknowledge use of the services and facilities of the Koc University Isbank Infectious Disease Center (KUISCID). H.D. acknowledges support from NSF Science and Technology Center grant NSF-1231306 (Biology with X-ray Lasers, BioXFEL). A.K. acknowledges support from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Tuerkiye (TUEBITAK, 2218 -National Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program under project number 118C476). G.G., M.C., and B.V.K. are funded by TUEBITAK 2232 International Outstanding Researchers Program (Project No: 118C225). This publication has been produced benefiting from the 2232 International Fellowship for Outstanding Researchers Program, 2236 CoCirculation2 program and the 1001 Scientific and Technological Research Projects Funding Program of the TUEBITAK (Project Nos. 118C270, 121C063 and 120Z520). However, the entire responsibility of the publication belongs to the authors of the publication. The financial support received from TUEBITAK does not mean that the content of the publication is approved in a scientific sense by TUEBITAK. Coordinates of the lysozyme structure has been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession codes 7Y6A