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Economic Policy Uncertainty and Climate Change: Evidence from CO2 Emission
No full textIn this paper, we study the relationship between Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Using an extensive dataset from 23 countries consisting of 6800 firm-year observations, we provide strong evidence that EPU increases firms' CO2 emissions. Our main inference is robust when using alternative measures of CO2 emissions and EPU, alternative econometric specifications and samples, and several approaches to control for possible endogeneity. In a set of additional analyses, we first show that a board's characteristics (i.e., board gender diversity and board independence) significantly moderate the studied relationship. Second, cross-country characteristics (i.e., government effectiveness, control of corruption, and democracy) seem important in the relationship between EPU and CO2 emissions. Our findings significantly contribute to the debate on firms' ethical responsibility in managing climate change and CO2 emissions
Augmented Virtual Crossmatch for Donor-Induced Antibody Prediction by Using High Resolution Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing and Human Leukocyte Antigen Epitope Mapping for Better Donor Match
No full textThe Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) disparity between donors and recipients is the primary driver of Donor Specific Antibodies (DSA) formation and graft rejection after transplantation. We aimed to predict the DSA by finding the HLA antigen mismatches, searching the eplets of antigens that bind to the recipient's anti-HLA antibodies, calculating the number of shared eplets between the mismatched donor HLA antigens and the recipient's pre-transplantation anti-HLA antibody-bound antigens. We have used recipient-donor HLA Typing results and the recipient's pre-transplantation and post-transplantation anti-HLA antibody detection results by Luminex single antigen bead (Luminex-SAB) assay as retrospective data for calculation in five steps. We have compared the HLA Typing results to find the mismatched antigens in the first step and searched the relevant eplets for the recipient's pre-transplantation anti-HLA antibodies in the second step. Then we calculated the shared eplets between the donor's mismatched HLA antigens and the recipient's pre-transplantation anti-HLA antibodies to find the highest number of shares, then listed the most shared anti-HLA antibodies as the most probable DSA in the fourth step. Then, we confirmed the possible epitope's peptide AA (amino acid) sequences with the IEDB Bepipred-1.0 Antibody Epitope Prediction method using the donor's HLA antigen AA sequence
The Effects of the Divorce Decisions Given by the Foreign Countries To Turkish Law
No full textTürk hukukunda boşanma kanunda öngörülen sebeplerin varlığı ve hâkimin kararı ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Yabancı ülke adli makamları tarafından verilen boşanma kararlarının tanınmasına 5718 sayılı Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk ve Usul Hukuku Hakkında Kanun'un 50. maddesi uyarınca izin verilmiştir. Yabancı ülke idari makamları tarafından verilen boşanma kararlarının tanınması ise mümkün kılınmamıştır. Bu hususa ilişkin olarak ortaya çıkan tartışmaların çözümü Nüfus Hizmetleri Kanunu madde 27/A ve Yabancı Ülke Adli veya İdari Makamlarınca Verilen Kararlarının Nüfus Kütüğüne Tescili Hakkında Yönetmelik ile getirilmiş bulunmaktadır. Yeni getirilen bu düzenleme ile yabancı ülke idari makamları tarafından verilen boşanma kararlarının mahkeme yoluna başvurmaksızın nüfus kütüğüne doğrudan tescili ve mahkemeler tarafından verilecek tanıma kararlarına gereksinim duyulmadan Türk hukukunda hüküm doğurması kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda yabancı ülkelerde verilen boşanma kararlarının Türk hukukuna etkisi hem Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk ve Usul Hukuk Hakkında Kanun hem de Nüfus Hizmetleri Kanunu ve bu Kanuna bağlı olarak çıkartılan Yönetmelik kapsamında incelenmiş olup yabancı ülke yetkili makamları tarafından verilen boşanma kararlarının nüfus kütüğüne tescilinin yetkili nüfus müdürlüklerindeki uygulaması ve karşılaşılan sorunlara detaylıca yer verilmiştir.In Turkish law, divorce is carried out with the existence of the reasons stipulated in the law and the decision of the judge. Recognition of divorce decisions made by foreign judicial authorities is permitted in accordance with Article 50 of the Law No. 5718 on International Private and Procedural Law. Recognition of divorce decisions given by foreign administrative authorities is not possible. The resolution of the debates on this issue has been brought with the Law on Population Services Article 27/A and the Regulation on the Registration of Decisions Given by Foreign Judicial or Administrative Authorities in the Population Register. With this newly introduced regulation, it has been accepted that the divorce decisions given by the administrative authorities of foreign countries are registered directly in the population registry without resorting to court proceedings, and that it will give effect in Turkish law without the need for recognition decisions to be given by the courts. In our study, the effects of divorce decisions given by the foreign countries to Turkish Law has been examined within the scope of both the Law on International Private and Procedural Law, the Population Services Law and the Regulation issued in accordance with this Law. The application of the registration of the divorce decisions given by the competent authorities of foreign countries to the civil registry in the authorized population directorates and the problems encountered are also given in detail
Turkey Between the United States and Russia: Surfing on the Edge
No full text[No Abstract Available]Social Science Citation Inde
Revisiting Bremer: an Empirical and Methodological Reassessment on Interstate War Onset
No full textDevletlerarası savaşın yıkıcılığı, bu olgunun belirleyicilerini tespit etmek için çok sayıda entelektüel çabayı beraberinde getirmiştir. Stuart A. Bremer'ın uluslararası ilişkiler literatürüne 1992 yılında kazandırdığı çalışması, bu hedef doğrultusunda bir kilometre taşı niteliğindedir. Ancak bu çalışma, gerek kısıtlı bir zaman dilimini kapsadığı için (1816-1965) gerekse farklı yöntemsel bakış açılarının varlığı sebebiyle yeniden bir inceleyemeye tabi tutulmalıdır. Bu sebeple bu tez, 1816-2007 arasını ele almak suretiyle bir yeniden analiz uygulamış, yeni sonuçlara dair bir temellendirme yapmış ve Bremer'ın çalışmasının yöntemsel kısıtlarını tartışmıştır. Sonuçlara göre mesafe ve göreceli güç çatışmacı; ortak bir ittifak mensubiyeti ve her iki ülkenin gelişmişliği ise barışçıl etkilerini koruyan faktörler olurken, demokrasinin yokluğu ve askeri hazırlık seviyesine ek olarak güç statüsü de istatistiksel olarak anlamsız bir diğer faktör olarak bulgulanmıştır. Ancak Bremer'ın tercih ettiği gözlem birimi, istatistiksel model, açıklayıcı değişkenler ve kısmen de olsa 'paradigması', önemli kısıtlar barındırmaktadır.The destructiveness of interstate war has led to numerous intellectual efforts to identify the determinants of this phenomenon. Stuart A. Bremer's work, which entered the international relations literature in 1992, has been a milestone towards this goal. However, Bremer's study needs to be reassessed due to its limited time span (1816-1965) and different methodological perspectives. Thus, this thesis analyzes the period between 1816 and 2007, elaborates on the underlying dynamics behind the new results, and discusses Bremer's methodological limitations. The results demonstrate that proximity and relative power retain their war-promoting influence while membership in a common alliance and joint development maintain their peaceful effect. Meanwhile, power status, in addition to the absence of democracy and military preparedness, appears statistically insignificant. However, Bremer's choices of unit of observation, statistical model, explanatory variables, and partly his 'paradigm', have important limitations
Gesture use in L1-Turkish and L2-English: Evidence from emotional narrative retellings
No full textBilinguals tend to produce more co-speech hand gestures to compensate for reduced communicative proficiency when speaking in their L2. We here investigated L1-Turkish and L2-English speakers' gesture use in an emotional context. We specifically asked whether and how (1) speakers gestured differently while retelling L1 versus L2 and positive versus negative narratives and (2) gesture production during retellings was associated with speakers' later subjective emotional intensity ratings of those narratives. We asked 22 participants to read and then retell eight emotion-laden narratives (half positive, half negative; half Turkish, half English). We analysed gesture frequency during the entire retelling and during emotional speech only (i.e., gestures that co-occur with emotional phrases such as happy). Our results showed that participants produced more representational gestures in L2 than in L1; however, they used more representational gestures during emotional content in L1 than in L2. Participants also produced more co-emotional speech gestures when retelling negative than positive narratives, regardless of language, and more beat gestures co-occurring with emotional speech in negative narratives in L1. Furthermore, using more gestures when retelling a narrative was associated with increased emotional intensity ratings for narratives. Overall, these findings suggest that (1) bilinguals might use representational gestures to compensate for reduced linguistic proficiency in their L2, (2) speakers use more gestures to express negative emotional information, particularly during emotional speech, and (3) gesture production may enhance the encoding of emotional information, which subsequently leads to the intensification of emotion perception.James S. McDonnell FoundationThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was funded by James S. McDonnell Foundation (https://doi.org/10.37717/220020510) given to Tilbe Goksun
The Role of Signals in New Venture Financing in the Context of an Emerging Market: a Configurational Approach
No full textPurposeThis study proposes a portfolio of new venture signals that are likely to attract investors' attention in the context of an emerging market and examines how they work in combination to affect the likelihood of obtaining funding.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use data on early-stage venture capital investments for high-tech start-ups in Turkey. The authors adopt a configurational approach and use fuzzy QCA and regression analysis.FindingsThe findings suggest that financing of new ventures in an emerging economy is shaped by signals of context-specific capabilities that are required to survive and thrive in this market environment alongside and in interaction with signals of general capabilities required for business success. Different combinations of these signals provide equifinal pathways to obtain funding. Furthermore, signals that differ in type and content interact in complex ways to affect investors' decisions.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that entrepreneurs with no prior experience in the emerging market context can increase their chances of obtaining funding by affiliating with a venture development organization. Another promising strategy is to form a founding team that includes members affiliated with a developed country together with members who have emerging market experience. Finally, entrepreneurs may consider combining signals of context-specific capabilities with signals of general capabilities as they work in a complementary way to attract funding.Originality/valueThis study addresses two major shortcomings of the literature on new venture signaling, first, by positing the emerging market context as a unique signaling environment and, second, by demonstrating the value of considering signals as portfolios with potential interdependencies
Evaluating and Selecting Sustainable Logistics Service Providers for Medical Waste Disposal Treatment in the Healthcare Industry
No full textHealth institutes are structurally growing depending on the population increase and escalating demands for health services. As a negative result, the health industry produces more healthcare waste daily. Its efforts and resources cannot be sufficient to dispose of such medical wastes as the quantity and variety continue to increase. Therefore, developing solution partnership relations with logistics service providers specialized in collecting, storing, and disposing healthcare waste may be a beneficial and fruitful step for solving this problem. However, the evaluation and selection of service suppliers for healthcare waste disposal may not always result in success. Hence, the present work develops a robust integrated methodology on the basis of Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) techniques based on Interval-Valued Fermatean Fuzzy Sets (IVFFSs) for healthcare decision-makers to make more rational and optimal decisions concerning service supplier selection. The proposed model based on the IVFFSs can also overcome incredibly complicated uncertainties in the assessment processes. A large-scale international hospital chain in Turkey is investigated using the developed methodology to find reasonable and logical solutions to assess and select the best Medical Waste Disposal and Logistics (MWDL) firm. It is revealed that the most important criterion is Storage Conditions where Republic Services, Inc is the most successful supplier of MWDL. Finally, theoretical and practical implications are discussed in detail in order to provide useful managerial insights and decision aids to assist in improving the sustainability of healthcare industry
Visual Processing of Food Stimuli: the Impact of Working Memory Load and Color
No full textOur environment is surrounded by appetizing food stimuli that contribute to an increase in health problems such as obesity and overweight. Understanding the cognitive factors underlying the processing of food stimuli can play an important role in health interventions. Recent studies showed that high-calorie food stimuli impair working memory (WM) task performance, and some individuals, such as restrained eaters, are more susceptible to this WM performance decrement. The present study investigated the effect of low and high WM load on the processing of food stimuli in restrained and unrestrained eaters. Using an n-back task, identical food (low and high calorie) and non-food (object) stimuli were presented in colored (Experiment 1A) or in grayscale (Experiment 1B) versions. Performance was assessed by reaction time (RT), d-prime, and response bias C variables. Results revealed differences in the different WM load conditions. While no effects were observed in the low load, higher WM load impaired task performance. Processing the food stimuli, compared to objects, led to longer RTs and decreased task performance, indicated by d prime and response bias, only when the stimuli were presented in color but not in grayscale. Though no difference was observed in restrained and unrestrained eaters, the role of WM load on the visual processing of the food stimuli remains to be further examined