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A Nano-Scale N-Bit Ripple Carry Adder Using an Optimized Xor Gate and Quantum-Dots Technology With Diminished Cells and Power Dissipation
No full textIn the nano-scale era, quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology has become an appealing substitute for transistor-based technologies. QCA will be the preferred technology for developing the next generation of digital systems. On the other hand, the full-adder and ripple carry adder (RCA) are the crucial building blocks of complex circuits, the most used structures in digital operations systems, and a practical part of the most well-known complex circuits in QCA technology. In addition, this technology was used to design the full adder for several procedures, like multiplication, subtraction, and division. For this reason, the full adder is generally investigated as a central unit and microprocessor in developing QCA technology. Furthermore, most previous QCA-based adder structures have suffered from some drawbacks, such as a high number of cells, high energy consumption, the high number of gates, and the placement of inputs and outputs in a closed loop; hence, the implementation of an efficient adder with only one gate and a low number of cells, such as exclusive-OR (XOR) gate, can solve all previous problems. Therefore, in this paper, a significantly improved structure of 3-input XOR is suggested based on the promising QCA technology. In addition, a QCA clocking mechanism and explicit cell interaction form the foundation of the proposed QCA-based XOR gate configuration. This gate can be easily converted into an adder circuit while containing a small number of cells and being extremely compressed. The suggested QCA-based XOR design is focused on optimizing a single-bit adder using cellular interaction. The suggested single-bit adder contains 14 cells. Based on this adder, several different RCAs, such as 4, 8, 16, and 32-bit, are designed. The comparison of the proposed single-bit adder to the best coplanar and multi-layer ones shows a 51.72% and 36.36% reduction of cells, respectively. In addition, all suggested designs are verified through simulation using QCADesigner and QCAPro. Finally, many physical validations are provided to approve the functionality of the suggested XOR design.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
LANGUAGE DIVERSITY AND LITERATURE REVIEWS IN TOURISM RESEARCH
No full textKozak, Metin/0000-0002-9866-7529; Smith, Simon/0000-0001-8083-2728; Kennell, James/0000-0002-7877-7843Language bias is a common yet undiscussed practice that can significantly constrain the rigor and generalization of place-based studies and literature reviews. This article discusses how research published in English compared with other languages is considered or not when conducting literature reviews. This research focuses specifically on tourism research and explores specific journal article examples in the contemporary subject area of overtourism within destination-based studies. To do this, we take a critical linguistic, postpositivist approach to three case studies drawn from the literature on the phenomenon of overtourism. The study highlights how research in languages other than English is often discounted or omitted in academic fields that are dominated by English language publications. Nevertheless, our findings strongly support the proposition that place-specific research, to be rigorous and generalizable, should be supported by research carried out in relevant languages for its location. This research provides evidence that place-based research, based on literature from multiple languages and interdisciplinarity, can be reliable, valid, and trustworthy. The study also notes the recommendations for conducting literature reviews within place-specific research and avenues for future research
Liveness Through Audience Participation in Digital Theatre: Map To Utopia as a Playground in Digital
No full textThis article explores the concept of liveness in digital theatre practice by analyzing the case of Map to Utopia, a digital theatre production that utilizes technological devices such as computers and mobile phones to facilitate audience participation. The article provides an overview of the theoretical framework surrounding digital theatre and presents a discussion on the concept of liveness and its relation to audience participation. The article argues that Map to Utopia creates a sense of presentness and liveness through the active participation of the audience, turning the digital space into a playground. Furthermore, the article examines the use of digital media in Map to Utopia and highlights how it enhances audience participation, discussing technology, theatre and audience interaction
Secure Transmission for Thz-Empowered Ris-Assisted Non-Terrestrial Networks
No full textThe non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are recognized as a key component to provide cost-effective and high-capacity ubiquitous connectivity in the future wireless communications. In this paper, we investigate the secure transmission in a terahertz (THz)-empowered reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted NTN (T-RANTN), which is composed of a low-Earth orbit satellite transmitter, an RIS-installed high-altitude platform (HAP) and two unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) receivers, only one of which is trustworthy. An approximate ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) expression is derived when the atmosphere turbulence and pointing error due to the characteristics of THz as well as the phase errors resulting from finite precision of RIS and imperfect channel estimation are taken into account simultaneously. Furthermore, according to the statistical and perfect channel state information of the untrustworthy receiver, we optimize the phase shifts of RIS to maximize the lower bound of secrecy rate (SR) and instantaneous SR, respectively, by using semidefinite relaxation method. Simulation results show that both the approximate expression for the ESR and the optimization algorithms are serviceable, and even when the jitter standard variance of the trustworthy receiver is greater than that of the untrustworthy one, a positive SR can still be guaranteed.Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [2021B1515120067]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [61871190]This work was supported in part by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant 2021B1515120067 and in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61871190. The review of this article was coordinated by Prof. Yiqing Zhou
Filtre Modelli Öznitelik Seçim Algoritmalarının Eeg Tabanlı Beyin Bilgisayar Arayüzü Sistemindeki Karşılaştırmalı Sınıflandırma Performansları
No full textBeyin bilgisayar arayüzleri (BBA), beyin elektriksel aktivitelerini kontrol komutlarına çevirerek bilgisayar veya nöroprostetik kol gibi yardımcı teknolojilerin kullanılmasını sağlayan sistemlerdir. Bu çalışmada filtre tabanlı öznitelik seçim yöntemlerinin farklı sınıflandırma algoritmaları ile birlikte kullanılmasının BBA sistemlerine getirebileceği kazanımlar araştırılmıştır. Bu çerçevede nöroprostetik bir cihazın kontrolü için tasarlanan BBA sisteminden elde edilmiş EEG kayıtları analiz edilmiştir. EEG kayıtlarının analizi için delta (1.0-4 Hz), teta (4-8 Hz), alfa (8-12 Hz), beta (12-25 Hz), yüksek-beta (25-30Hz) ve gama (30-50 Hz) frekans bantlarından ve delta (1-4 Hz), teta (4-8 Hz), alfa1 (8-10 Hz), alfa2 (10-12 Hz), beta1 (12-15 Hz), beta2 (15-18 Hz), beta3 (18-25 Hz), gama1 (30-35 Hz), gama2 (35-40 Hz), gama3 (40-50 Hz) alt frekans bantlarından bant gücü öznitelikleri çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen iki veri seti öznitelik seçimi uygulamadan ve öznitelik seçimi uygulayarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Çalışmada toplam 10 adet filtre tabanlı öznitelik seçimi yöntemi ile birlikte, doğrusal ayırt eden analizi, rassal ormanlar, karar ağaçları ve destek vektör makinaları sınıflandırma algoritmaları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda EEG kayıtlarının sınıflandırılması için öznitelik seçme algoritmalarının uygulanmasının daha yüksek başarımlı sonuçlar verdiği ve bu çalışmada ele alınan öznitelik seçme yöntemlerinden, özdeğer merkeziyetine göre öznitelik seçimi (Ecfs) ve sonsuz öznitelik seçimi (Inffs) yöntemlerinin filtre tabanlı yaklaşımlar arasında en iyi sonuçları verdiği gözlenmiştir
A Note on Stock Market Response To Elections in the Post-Communist Countries of the European Union
No full textWe examine the stock market response to parliamentary elections in post-communist countries of the European Union. We document that the long-term market response to an election is -200 basis points (bps). The response is symmetric across the ideology of the winner party. Moreover, we show that aggregate responses are driven by elections with policy uncertainty due to the transition of power across ideologies. The long-term market response to right (left) victories after left (right) governments is -500 bps (-600bps)
Shared Identity Schemas Shape Incumbent Responses To New Entrants
No full textAn outstanding question in research on competitive strategy is what determines the strength and type of strategic response that incumbents deploy against new entrants. We argue that strategists’ assessment of threat from new entrants and their choice of strategic reactions depend on the shared identity schema in their field. Position of new entrants across identity categories indicate whether they pose a competitive threat within the same identity-based niche or outside it and whether they threaten to erode the incumbent’s category’s social value relative to other categories. Potential reactions to these threats can also be classified according to whether they protect or enhance the value that incumbents create and capture through their membership in their identity category. Matching identity-relevant strategic actions to the type of threat that new entries pose, we argue that incumbents (1) employ identity-deepening tactics in response to competition in their identity-based niche; (2) use identity-extending tactics in response to competition outside their niche; (3) respond to categorical identity threats by affirming their identities; and (4) are less likely to respond to either competitive or identity threats that originate from new entrants that do not clearly fit in the shared identity schema. We find support for our predictions in analyses using data on the population of Turkish universities over a 30-year period. We discuss theoretical implications for ecological and socio-cognitive studies of markets and practical implications for predicting patterns of strategic interaction and disruptive potential of new entrants. Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s
Cloud-based non-destructive characterization
No full textCloud services have grown in popularity; businesses, organizations, industries, and academic institutions use cloud services such as Cloud Non-destructive Characterization Testing (CNDCT), also known as Cloud Testing (CT). Vendors compete to deliver highly reliable services, diverse requirements, and product qualities. The CT platforms can test cloud-based systems or use the cloud for testing purposes: both approaches have sparked interest in the research. Cloud testing draws many companies and sectors worldwide by offering potential solutions for managing software applications and providing convenient testing environments. Because of cloud computing, Testing as a Service (TaaS) was born. Given the capabilities of TaaS, it has created several issues and obstacles, particularly in cloud-based, non-destructive testing environments. So, this chapter reviews and addresses the obstacles and benefits of CNDCT, including a theoretical comparison between the cloud-based testing environment and traditional standard system testing. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Multimedia big data computing mechanisms: a bibliometric analysis
No full textMassive multimedia data are being created due to the rising amount of the Internet and user-generated content, low-cost commodity devices with cameras (like cellphones, surveillance systems, and so on), and the proliferation of social networks, forming a unique type of big data. Several studies have been conducted in this research area using a survey and event analysis approach; however, none has been conducted to investigate the status of knowledge, its features, evolution, and emerging trend of multimedia big data. Therefore, in this paper, a bibliometric study using VOSviewer software is carried out with 1,865 documents from 2008 to 2020. Based on the result, 2013 is the starting year where the total publication excess of 100 articles and the configuration of leading countries, productive organizations, and authors are investigated. The most cited journals, popular publications venues, and hot research topics are also included in the investigations. Our investigation uncovered useful information, such as annual publishing patterns, the hottest research topic, the top 10 important authors and articles, and the most helpful funding organizations and venues
Structural, Optical and Antibacterial Properties of Ws2 Doped Zno Nanoparticles
No full textYapısal ve optik özelliklerinin yanı sıra antibakteriyel özellikleri ile tanınan ZnO nanoparçacıkları, çeşitli alanlarda yaygın olarak uygulanmaktadır. Metaller veya metal oksitler gibi farklı malzemelerin ZnO'ya katkılanmasının özelliklerini iyileştirdiği bilinmektedir. Burada %5, %15 ve %25 oranlarında WS2 katkılı ZnO'dan oluşan nanofilmler sentezlenmekte ve özellikleri araştırılmaktadır. Moleküler yerleştirme analizleri ile desteklenen, farklı oranlarda WS2 ilave edildikten sonra bakterisidal özelliklerin arttırılması vurgulanmaktadır ve ilgili proteinlerin hedeflenmesi yoluyla bakteriyel hayatta kalmada çok önemli bir rol oynayan kalıntıların inhibe edici etkileşimi tarafından desteklenmektedir.ZnO nanoparticles, well-known for their structural and optical features, as well as their antibacterial properties are widely applied in diverse fields. The doping of different materials to ZnO, such as metals or metal oxides, are known to ameliorate its properties. Here, nanofilms composed of ZnO doped with WS2 at 5%, 15% and 25% ratios are synthetized and their properties are investigated. Supported by molecular docking analyses, the enhancement of the bactericidal properties after addition of WS2 at different ratios is highlighted and assisted by the inhibitory interaction of residues playing a crucial role in the bacterial survival through the targeting of the proteins of interest