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Stripped and layered fabrication of minimal surface tectonics using parametric algorithms
No full textThis article describes a parametric design and fabrication workflow influenced by Frei Otto's form-finding experiments on soap films. The research investigates minimal surface geometry by combining physical and digital experiments in a computational framework. Operating on mesh topology, various parametric design tools and plug-ins in Rhinoceros/Grasshopper are presented to discuss the translation of minimal surfaces to flat strips suitable for planar fabrication using flexible materials. These tools are tested on a case study to show the automated design and manufacture of double-curved surfaces as double-layered strips running in perpendicular directions that can be affixed at point connections for structural stability. The development of the parametric workflow, material constraints, and stripped fabrication of layers are discussed. © 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.This project is funded through Kadir Has University scientific research grant. The completion of the installation would not have been possible without the efforts of the student team: Muvaffak Ali Akyuz, Louis Folkens, Fatma Yesim Kızılbulut, Ozce Ozkose, Melike Ayyuce Gunes, Mustafa Ilgaz Aluc, Sevval Busra Ozmen, Abbas Khan, Mohammed Jarrar, Ahmed Barzan, and Ali Ozan Guvenc
Batı Anadolu Grabenlerinin Gelişim Süreci İçinde Selçuk Grabeni’nin Morfotektonik Evrimi
No full textKüçük Menderes Grabeni’nin batı ucunda yer alan ancak ondan sol yönlü doğrultu atımlı faylarla kesilip güneybatıya atılmış olan grabene bu çalışmada Selçuk Grabeni adı verilmiştir. Çünkü bu graben ana grabenden ileri evrelerde önemli farklılıklar geçirmiştir. Grabeni sınırlayan horstlarda metamorfik temel kayaları mostra vermektedir. Dolgusu ise Küçük Menderes Nehri’nin alüvyonundan oluşmaktadır. Selçuk Grabeni asimetrik bir grabendir. Güney kanat morfolojik nitelikleriyle belirgin ve aktif kenardır. Normal faylar bu kanatta birkaç fay basamağı halindedir. Kuzey kanat, aktif kenarı oluşturan kürek biçimli ana fayın tavan blokunda gelişmiş, antitetik faylar olarak yorumlanabilir. Grabeni az çok uzanımına verev birçok doğrultu atımlı fay kesmiştir. Genç yapısal ögeler graben ve yakın çevrenin morfolojisindeki izleriyle tanınmaktadır. Batı Anadolu’nun morfotektonik gelişim süreci içinde Selçuk Grabeni en geç gelişen grabenlerdendir. Küçük Menderes Grabeni, üzerinde yer aldığı horstun, Kuvaterner’de önce yükselip daha sonra çökmesi döneminde açılmıştır. Bu dönemde Selçuk Grabeni ana grabenin batıdaki uzanımında yer almıştır. Daha sonra özellikle sahil bölgelerinin morfotektoniğini büyük ölçüde değiştiren KKB doğrultulu sol yönlü doğrultu atımlı faylar ve bunlarla eşzamanlı fay çiftlerinin gelişmesiyle Küçük Menderes Grabeni’nden ayrılarak güneybatı yönünde ötelenmiş ve Küçük Menderes’le olan doğrudan bağlantısı kopmuştur. Geç Kuvaterner’de gelişmiş olan bu evreden sonra gelişimini bağımsız bir graben olarak sürdürmektedir
Analysis of the Liberalization of the Turkish Natural Gas Market
No full textNatural gas is used as a bridge fuel during the ongoing transition from fossil fuels to renewables because it produces less carbon emissions than oil and coal. In addition, countries, which are aiming to become more carbon neutral, are replacing coal with natural gas. These reasons have led the natural gas industry to grow and the gas business has gained an international dimension. In order to keep up with these developments, countries liberalize their gas markets by opening them to competition. The two important pillars of liberalization are third-party access to the physical infrastructure and the demolition of monopolies in the market. The European Union (EU) has implemented a series of reforms to be able to fully liberalize its internal gas markets. Turkey, the fourth largest gas-consuming country in Europe, has also made a series of reforms in order to harmonize with Europe during the EU accession process since 2001. However, Turkey’s goals to open its internal gas market to competition have only been partially achieved. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of the Turkish natural gas market and to determine to what extent gas market reforms have been successful. The results of a detailed examination of the market and the survey carried out among the major market players have shown that the Turkish natural gas market should be improved in transparency, competitiveness, and cost-based pricing
Mega-events and placemaking: Place image construction between reality and imagination
No full textMega-events are considered as one of the anchors of the consumption-based development that plays a significant role in the contemporary production of urbanity. They are complex and transformative undertakings that inevitably create an impact of great magnitude, mass popular appeal and international significance. This chapter explores mega-event phenomena in different national and geopolitical contexts through which cities are increasingly formed and compares emerging practices on making and selling of post-event places of host cities whose legacy is still unfolding. It aims to bring together different perspectives of the placemaking process using comparative study analysis of four distinct cities: Sarajevo in the context of the 1984 Winter Olympics; Athens in the context of the Summer Olympics of 1896 and 2004; Istanbul in the context of Formula 1 along with cultural events such as biennales and art fairs; and Dubrovnik in the context of the Dubrovnik Summer Festival. What kind of places did events produce? How did event-led urban conditions merge under the radar of official planning guidelines in Sarajevo, Athens, Istanbul and Dubrovnik? What determines the capacity of cities to capitalize under the cover of an event? Both Sarajevo and Athens have undergone distinctive historical pathways in the post-Olympic period which help to understand how far these cities' strategies have addressed the need to leverage legacies and to turn towards the new urban economies. The Dubrovnik and Istanbul cases embrace the cultural events for urban image production, highlighting the long-term significance of events for public spaces for subsequent events where unprescribed interaction could lead to innovation and creativity. On the one hand, the chapter contends that the mega-events are powerful mechanisms that re-prioritize urban agendas, foster urban redevelopment and are instruments for reinventing cities and promoting economic growth. On the other hand, the research on the mega-event-based urban imaginaries reveals contradictions and tensions between two distinct urban realities, the actual reality of the city in the post-event era followed by uncertainty and anticipation, and the constructed (mediated) reality built on the utopian vision that is in most cases far from being a reflection of urban, social and cultural identities. © Erna Husukić et al., 2024. All rights reserved
A Space-Efficient Universal and Multi-Operative Reversible Gate Design Based on Quantum-Dots
No full textBecause of the high speed, low-power consumption, low latency and possible use at the atomic and molecular levels, Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology is one of the future nanoscale technologies that can replace the present transistor-based technology. For the purpose of creating QCA circuits, reversible logic can be regarded as an appropriate candidate. In this research, a new structure for multi-operative reversible designs is suggested. The Saeid Nima Gate (SNG), proposed in this research study, is a brand-new, incredibly effective, multi-operative, universal reversible gate implemented in QCA nanotechnology employing both majority and inverter gates. Reversible gates, also known as reversible logic gates, are gates that have n inputs and n outputs, which is an equal number of inputs and outputs. The amount of energy lost during computations will be reduced if the numbers of inputs and outputs are identical. The proposed gate is modified and reorganized to optimize further, employing exact QCA cell interaction. All fundamental logic gates are implemented using it to demonstrate the universality of the proposed SNG. Reversible logic has advanced, and as a result, our suggested solution has a lower quantum cost than previously reported systems. The suggested design is simulated using the QCADesigner-E tools
Cannabis Tourists' Perceived Constraints To Engaging in Commercial Cannabis Tourism Overseas: a Comparison of First-Time and Repeat Tourists
No full textPurpose Given the increasing number of tourists exposed to commercially available cannabis, it is important to understand visitors' perceived constraints to cannabis consumption while travelling. This study aims to compare cannabis tourists' perceived constraints between first-time and repeat tourists to gain comprehensive understanding. Design/methodology/approach This study involved 32 conversational field interviews (5-10 min) with Chinese tourists who had smoked cannabis in coffee shops in Amsterdam to identify perceived constraints to engaging in cannabis tourism. The hierarchical constraint model (HCM) informed qualitative data coding using a deductive approach to compare first-time and repeat tourists. Content analysis was conducted manually. Findings Results showed that both tourist groups faced intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural perceived constraints to cannabis consumption. Differences in first-time and repeat cannabis tourists' perceived constraints were explained using the neutralization technique framework and psychological tactics, such as the defence of necessity, claims of entitlement, normal practice and claims of relative acceptability. In addition, social exchange theory was employed to explain why repeat cannabis tourists perceived fewer constraints than first-time tourists. Practical implications Although the current study did not intend to address the importance of cannabis tourism in places where cannabis is commercially available, findings offer empirical guidance for industry practitioners and policymakers regarding cannabis use education, prevention and policy in tourism contexts; related efforts can promote the sustainable development of this tourism market while protecting cannabis tourists' physical and psychological well-being. Originality/value This study makes important theoretical contributions regarding travel constraints in the unique context of cannabis tourism between first-time and repeat tourists. Findings will also enable academics, industry operators, policymakers and local residents of cannabis tourism destinations to better understand how these tourists decide whether to consume cannabis overseas. Differences in these perceived constraints between first-time and repeat tourists are discussed to highlight the dynamic nature of travel constraints
Financial Statecraft
No full textThis chapter examines the practice of financial statecraft in Turkey over recent decades. It argues that financial statecraft as a notion and institutional practice has yet to be a primary concern of Turkish state and non-state actors. Chronic current account deficits stemming from an import-dependent production structure, poor industrial upgrading performance in a natural-resource-poor country, and low savings have undermined sustainable foreign economic policy activism. Also, state elites have not created adequate insurance mechanisms for Turkish exporters and encouraged market actors to protect themselves against political risks, although some positive steps were taken. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The Effects of Collective Threats on Cooperation and Moral Foundations
No full textTerörizm, 9/11 saldırılarından bu yana psikoloji literatüründe önemli bir odak noktası haline gelmiştir. Ancak terörün öngörülemeyen ve kontrol edilemeyen doğası, bu konu üzerinde deneysel araştırmalar yapmayı zorlaştırmaktadır. Önceki çalışmalar terörün ahlaki değerlendirmeler üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek için genellikle küçük örneklemlerle korelasyonel desenler kullanmış, ekolojik geçerliliği düşük ortamlarda zayıf manipülasyonlar kullanmış ve gerçek davranış ölçümü yerine niyetleri ölçmeye odaklanmıştır. Dahası, bu çalışmaların genelleştirilebilirliği, genellikle WEIRD (Batılı, yaygın, endüstriyel, zengin ve demokratik) kültürlerden katılımcılar içerdiği için sınırlıdır. Bu sınırlamaları ele almak amacıyla, bu çalışma 2022 İstanbul bombalı saldırısının katılımcıların ahlaki değerlendirmeleri ve iş birliği davranışları üzerindeki etkilerini test etmeyi hedeflemiştir. Aynı bireyleri değerlendiren bir ön test-son test tasarımı kullanılmış ve ayrıca sebep-sonuç ilişkisi için bir bombalama hatırlatma manipülasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, bombalama sonrasında bağlanım temellerine verilen önemin arttığını, bireyselleştirici temellerde ise bir değişiklik olmadığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, manipülasyon ile ideoloji arasında bireyselleştirici temeller üzerinde etkileşim olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bombalama hatırlatılan sağcı katılımcılar bireyselleştirici temellere verdikleri önemi azaltmışken, orta ve sol görüşlü katılımcılar bunu artırmıştır, bu da reaktif muhafazakarlık hipotezini desteklemektedir. Dahası, Diktatör Oyunu ile ölçülen cömertlik davranışında belirgin bir azalma bulunmuşken, Kamusal Mallar Oyunu ile ölçülen iş birliği davranışında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, manipülasyonun kendisi iş birliği üzerinde temel etkiye sahiptir. Bombalama olayı hatırlatılan katılımcılar, hatırlatılmayanlara göre daha az iş birliği davranışı sergilemiştir. Bu sonuçlar, terörizm tehdidi altında, Türkiye'deki muhafazakarların Amerikalı muhafazakarlardan farklı olarak bireyselleştirici temelleri değersizleştirdiğini ve terörizm tehdidinin gerçek iş birliği davranışı üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Genel olarak, ekolojik geçerliliği yüksek bir ortamda gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma, terörizmin ahlaki davranışlar ve niyetler üzerindeki nedensel etkilerine dair değerli bir perspektif sunmaktadır.Terrorism has received significant attention in psychology literature since the 9/11 attacks. However, the unpredictable and uncontrollable nature of terrorism makes it difficult to conduct experimental research on this topic. Previous studies investigating terrorism's impact on moral judgments primarily employed correlational designs with small sample sizes, utilized weak manipulations in ecologically nonvalid environments, and focused on measuring intentions rather than actual behavior. Moreover, their generalizability is limited as they predominantly involved participants from WEIRD cultures. To address these limitations, the current experiment aimed to test the effects of the 2022 Istanbul bombing on participants' moral judgments and cooperative behaviors using a pretest-posttest design, evaluating the same individuals. We also utilized an experimental manipulation to remind the bombing for causality. The results revealed an increase in the importance placed on binding foundations after the bombing, with no change in individualizing foundations. In addition, an interaction was found between the manipulation and ideology on individualizing foundations. Right-wing participants reminded of the bombing decreased importance placed on individualizing foundations, while moderate and left-wing participants increased it, thus supporting the reactive conservative hypothesis. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in generosity behavior, as measured by Dictator Game, whereas no significant difference was found in cooperative behavior, as measured by Public Goods Game, following bombing. Nevertheless, the manipulation itself had a significant effect on cooperation. Participants reminded of the bombing incident exhibited less cooperative behavior compared to those who were not reminded. These results suggest that under terrorism threat, conservatives in Türkiye devalue individualizing foundations, unlike their American counterparts, and terrorism threat has a significant influence on actual cooperative behavior. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the causal effects of terrorism on moral behaviors and intention within an ecologically valid environment
The Blockchain Technology Selection in the Logistics Industry Using a Novel Mcdm Framework Based on Fermatean Fuzzy Sets and Dombi Aggregation
No full textLogistics is a sophisticated system involving third-party logistics (3PL) providers, freight forwarders, warehousing companies, and transport service producers in various transport modes, such as road, rail, air, maritime, and multimodal transportation. Furthermore, it is possible to add customs clearance agencies, insurance companies, banks, and relevant institutions and organizations to the system. Effective logistics systems must sustainably provide customers with quality and satisfactory logistics services using data shared over advanced technologies. Nevertheless, data and information on logistics are usually challenging to collect, process, and understand, as they are primarily unstructured, unreachable, and unstandardized. Blockchain is a new and advanced technology promising to eliminate or mitigate the adverse effects of these difficulties. However, blockchain technology practices in the logistics industry are extraordinarily scarce; and a few blockchain platforms have attempted to produce solutions for a few large-scale and global logistics firms. Hence, the digital transformation process involving blockchain technology for a logistics company encounters the challenge of selecting an appropriate blockchain platform for the logistics industry's needs. Although studies have been carried out in the relevant literature to select a suitable blockchain platform for various industries, few of these studies dealt with selecting the best blockchain platform for the logistics industry. Hence, experimental studies on choosing the proper blockchain platform in the logistics industry that tries to manage outstandingly complicated relations and linkages among stakeholders are currently inadequate. The current study presents a novel, robust, practical, and powerful decision-making tool that can also overcome highly complex uncertainties to identify the most feasible blockchain technology for the logistics industry. The robustness of the study's findings is validated with comprehensive sensitivity and comparative analyses
Çeperde Mekân Kurulumunun Tarihi: Feminist Otoetnografik Yaklaşım
No full textBu makalede enformel yerleşim bölgeleri hakkında feminist okumanın sunduğu imkânlara baktık. Bunu yaparken Türkiye'deki bir büyükşehir belediyesi (İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi) sınırlarında yer alan bir gecekondu mahallesine (Limontepe) odaklandık ve belediye kayıtlarında, meclis kararlarında, devlet ve belediye arşivlerinde toparlandığı haliyle kurumsal resmî tarihin sınırlarını soruşturduk. Metnin arka plânındaki temel argümana göre, çeperlerdeki nüfusun ve/ya da marjinalleştirilmiş grupların resmî tarih kapsamında okunması mekân hakkında kısmî bilgi üretiyor. Böyle bir kısmiliğin farklı, eşitlikçi ve katılımcı önceliklerle şekillendirilen bilgi üretim süreçlerine uygun metotlarla dengelenebileceğini düşündük. Buna bağlı olarak enformel yerleşimlerde yaşayanların gündelik yaşamlarından doğru toplanan, biriken ve paylaşılan bilginin resmî tarihin kısmiliğinin denetlenmesi ve boşlukları doldurmak açısından işler bir seçenek olduğunu düşünüyoruz. Bu makalede, geçmişin bilgisini bugünün mekân kurulum pratiklerine bağlamakta feminist (oto)etnografiye dayandık. Feminist araştırmacılar olarak mahalle sâkinlerinin gündelik yaşam pratikleriyle ilişkilenmeyi mekâna dair durağan olmayan bilgi üretim süreçlerine katılmanın yolu olarak gördük ve metinde bununla ilgili dayanaklarımızı paylaştık. Makale, feminist bilgi üretim süreçlerine farklı pozisyonlardan katılımın yatay ilişkilenmeyle gerçekleştirilmesine bir örnek olarak tasarlandı