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Towards Better Cyber Security Consciousness: the Ease and Danger of Osint Tools in Exposing Critical Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
No full textThis article explores open-source intelligence (OS-INT) to identify the vulnerabilities and loopholes in power grid systems, focusing on an electrical distribution company operating in Turkey. The study emphasizes the potential risks of sharing publicly available information on social media accounts, websites, reports, and press releases which most companies overlook. It highlights that individuals or adversaries can exploit this information to harm companies and countries that may not be fully aware of these vulnerabilities. OSINT tools can efficiently gather interpretable data on a company, which companies unknowingly share. By refining the collected data, the study aims to understand the technologies used, their software versions, and any associated vulnerabilities. Web scraping tools extract data from the company's website, which may contain critical information about updates, ongoing systems, and technologies. The article provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential risks and vulnerabilities associated with sharing sensitive information and the various OSINT tools and techniques that can be used to identify and address these vulnerabilities. The importance of vigilance against the potential harm that remote or unrelated individuals can inflict using OSINT capabilitiesis underscored. This study shows how easy it is to detect vulnerabilities in a critical infrastructure system using OSINT tools. © 2023 IEEE.Methodius University in Skopje; UKIM; European Commission, EC; Erasmus+, (101082683
Esg Performance and Dividend Payout: a Channel Analysis
No full textThis paper investigates the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance on corporate dividend policy. We employ a panel data set comprised of 1094 non-financial listed firms in 21 European countries from 2002 to 2019. We show that companies with higher ESG performance are likely to pay higher dividends. Our results are robust to alternative variable definitions and specifications and address endogeneity concerns. We next investigate the possible transmission channels through which corporate ESG performance enhances dividend payouts. We present novel evidence that earnings and risk are the two possible channels through which ESG performance augments corporate dividends
Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of Pre-Northridge High Rise Steel Moment Resisting Frame Buildings with Bilinear Oil Dampers
No full textThis paper presents quantitative information on the effectiveness of seismic retrofit solutions using bilinear oil dampers for seismically deficient existing tall steel buildings. For this purpose, a benchmark 40-story steel space moment-resisting frame building is studied that represents 1970s design practice in North America. Rigorous seismic performance assessment based on ASCE 41 recommendations reveals a high collapse risk for the existing building. The local engineering demand parameters are comprehensively assessed to quantify the impact of seismic retrofit on steel columns and column splices, which are particularly vulnerable due to the time of construction. Multiple retrofit schemes are explored with numerous damping levels and vertical damping distribution methods. The dampers are designed via a recently developed multi-degree-of-freedom performance curves method. A new balanced vertical damping method is proposed to account for the effects of frame inelasticity. This strongly depends on the supplemental damping level, and it determines the effectiveness of the employed vertical damping distribution method. The results indicate that the proposed retrofit strategies can minimize the collapse risk of the tall building. It is shown that the balanced vertical damping distribution method provides the most uniform drift distribution along the building height. Despite the reduction in story drift ratios, the axial force demand in exterior columns remains relatively high in the bottom stories regardless of the seismic retrofit solution. On the other hand, bilinear oil dampers produce relative constant forces despite exhibiting higher velocity demands than expected.Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et technologies [2013-NC-166845]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL); Individual Research Fund of Kadir Has UniversityThis research was supported by Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et technologies (Grant No. 2013-NC-166845), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Individual Research Fund of Kadir Has University, and internal funding from Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL). The findings in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the sponsors
Changing the Identity of a Place by Changing Street Names: the Process of Renaming the Streets of Üsküdar Between 1927-1934
No full textStreet names are part of our everyday lives. People constantly encounter street signs during their daily practices. Their visible position in the urban landscape makes street names suitable to use as visual/linguistic signifiers of cultures, histories, values, and ideologies. Renaming streets is one of the first actions of the new regimes to create their ideological hegemony in the territories they rule. It is essential to resolve the conflicts between urban memory and the sovereign’s history to legitimize their geographical claims by changing anything that does not match with their mental constructs in the urban landscape. This article provides a critical discourse analysis of the relationship between space, place, identity, urban memory, and street names by examining the alteration of street names in Üsküdar, a district of Istanbul, between 1927 and 1934. Even though Üsküdar was one of the regions where the minorities lived exceedingly in the Ottoman period, in the current Üsküdar identity, there are only a few traces left of its former inhabitants. Hence, in terms of redefining identity, Üsküdar can be considered a prominent example compared to the other regions the minorities lived in Istanbul. The primary source for this inquiry is Osman Nuri Ergin’s İstanbul Şehri Rehberi (Istanbul City Guide), which was published in 1934. Archival documents and newspaper articles about street name changes are also used in this research. The relationship between socio-political transformation in Üsküdar and changes in urban toponymy is investigated in this study. © 2023, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture. All rights reserved
Nano-Design of Ultra-Efficient Reversible Block Based on Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata
No full textReversible logic has recently gained significant interest due to its inherent ability to reduce energy dissipation, which is the primary need for low-power digital circuits. One of the newest areas of relevant study is reversible logic, which has applications in many areas, including nanotechnology, DNA computing, quantum computing, fault tolerance, and low-power complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS). An electrical circuit is classified as reversible if it has an equal number of inputs and outputs, and a one-to-one relationship. A reversible circuit is conservative if the EXOR of the inputs and the EXOR of the outputs are equivalent. In addition, quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is one of the state-of-the-art approaches that can be used as an alternative to traditional technologies. Hence, we propose an efficient conservative gate with low power demand and high speed in this paper. First, we present a reversible gate called ANG (Ahmadpour Navimipour Gate). Then, two non-resistant QCA ANG and reversible fault-tolerant ANG structures are implemented in QCA technology. The suggested reversible gate is realized through the Miller algorithm. Subsequently, reversible fault-tolerant ANG is implemented by the 2DW clocking scheme. Furthermore, the power consumption of the suggested ANG is assessed under different energy ranges (0.5Ek, 1.0Ek, and 1.5Ek). Simulations of the structures and analysis of their power consumption are performed using QCADesigner 2.0.03 and QCAPro software. The proposed gate shows great improvements compared to recent designs
Flört Pratiklerinde Toplumsal Cinsiyetin Rolü: Türkiye’nin Heteroseksüel Çevrimiçi Flört Dünyasının Analizi
No full textHeteroseksüel çevrimiçi flört kültürü ve pratiklerini araştıran doktora projesinin bir parçası olan bu çalışma, bireylerin hem flört uygulamalarıyla etkileşimlerinde hem de çevrimiçi flört deneyimlerinde toplumsal cinsiyetin nasıl belirleyici olduğuna odaklanmaktadır. Türkiye’de popüler olan ve algoritmik mimarileri birbirinden farklı iki uygulamayı, Tinder ile OkCupid’i incelemiş ve kullanıcılarıyla Zoom mülakatları gerçekleştirmiştir. Çıkan bulgular, özellikle erkeklerin deneyimlerinde kullanıcıların görünürlüğünü belirleyen algoritmaların başat bir rolü olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Erkekler, kadınların aksine, eşleşme alabilmek için algoritmaları yenecek ya da kandıracak çeşitli taktikler uygulamak durumunda kalmaktadır. Algoritmik mimari aynı zamanda bu uygulamaların toplumda nasıl algılanacağını etkilemektedir. Flört uygulamalarını, ama özellikle basit mimarisinden ötürü Tinder’ı, “takılma uygulamaları” olarak damgalayan toplumsal algı, kadın ve erkekleri farklı şekillerde etkilemektedir. Bu farklılık, genel olarak erkeklerin avcı, kadınlarınsa kurban olarak kodlandığı takılma pratiğinin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğini yeniden üreten yapısından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, erkeklere nazaran, kadınların deneyimlerinde “o tarz kadın” muamelesine maruz kalma ve “saldırıya uğruyormuş” hissine kapılma öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışma, bu bulgular ışığında, hem insan-uygulama etkileşimine hem de flört uygulamalarının nasıl kültürel objeler olduğuna dikkat çekerek Batı odaklı çalışmaların hâkim olduğu çevrimiçi flört literatürüne katkı yapmayı amaçlamaktadır
Enhancing Multiple-Choice Question Answering Through Sequential Fine-Tuning and Curriculum Learning Strategies
No full textWith the transformer-based pre-trained language models, multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) systems can reach a particular level of performance. This study focuses on inheriting the benefits of contextualized language representations acquired by language models and transferring and sharing information among MCQA datasets. In this work, a method called multi-stage-fine-tuning considering the Curriculum Learning strategy is presented, which proposes sequencing not training samples, but the source datasets in a meaningful order, not randomized. Consequently, an extensive series of experiments over various MCQA datasets shows that the proposed method reaches remarkable performance enhancements than classical fine-tuning over picked baselines T5 and RoBERTa. Moreover, the experiments are conducted on merged source datasets, and the proposed method achieves improved performance. This study shows that increasing the number of source datasets and even using some small-scale datasets helps build well-generalized models. Moreover, having a higher similarity between source datasets and target also plays a vital role in the performance.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [120E100]; TUBITAK national fellowship program for PhD studies [BIDEB 2211/A]This research is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) in part of the project with 120E100 Grant Number. G. Yigit is supported by TUBITAK - BIDEB 2211/A national fellowship program for PhD studies
Liman Seçim Problemi İçin Entegre Bulanık Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yaklaşımı Önerisi
No full textLiman seçimi denizcilik işletmelerinin yanı sıra, tedarik zincirlerinin performansı açısından son derece önemli kararlardan birisidir. Ancak liman alternatiflerinin değerlendirilebilmesi için her zaman net veri mevcut olmayabilir ve karar vericiler eksik bilgiler ile belirsizlik ortamında karar vermek zorunda kalabilir. Bu kapsamda mevcut çalışmada en uygun limanların seçilebilmesi için belirsizlikleri dikkate alabilen bulanık SWARA ve bulanık MARCOS yöntemlerinden oluşan entegre bir karar verme yaklaşımı önerilmektedir. Önerilen yaklaşım uygulandıktan sonra 70 farklı senaryo oluşturularak kapsamlı bir doğrulama testi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre bazı alternatiflerin sıralama skorlarında genel sonucu değiştirmeyen küçük farklılıklar görülmekle birlikte Al alternatifi bütün senaryolar için en iyi alternatif olarak kalmıştır. Sonuç olarak, analizin sonuçları önerilen yaklaşımın karar verme problemlerini çözmek için uygulanabilir bir model olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır
Efficiency Analysis Technique With Input and Output Satisficing Approach Based on Type-2 Neutrosophic Fuzzy Sets: a Case Study of Container Shipping Companies
No full textThis work tries to discuss and evaluate the advantages and superiorities of the extended Efficiency Analysis Technique with Input and Output Satisficing (EATWIOS) method based on Type-2 Neutrosophic Fuzzy Numbers (T2NFNs). The suggested model is maximally stable and robust by considering sensitivity analysis results which demonstrates a new performance analysis approach based on T2NFN sets. The proposed model deals with the input and output criteria and considers existing uncertainties arising from insufficient information and the dy-namic structure of the industries. The model's basic algorithm has a unique structure compared to the previous performance analysis technique, and it does not require applying additional weighting techniques to identify the criteria weights. To the best of our knowledge, the extended version of the EATWIOS technique based on the T2NFN set is presented for the first time. The developed model provides reasonable and logical results to practitioners because it deals with satisfactory outputs instead of optimal outputs. This model is an immensely strengthened version of the EATWIOS technique, as the T2NFN sets treat predictable and unpredictable un-certainties. The suggested T2NFN-EATWIOS is then applied to a real-world assessment problem in the container shipping industry. The obtained results are pretty reasonable and logical. Moreover, the results of a compre-hensive sensitivity analysis with three stages approve the robustness of the suggested model
Machine/Deep Learning Techniques for Multimedia Security
No full textMultimedia security based on Machine Learning (ML)/ Deep Learning (DL) is a field of study that focuses on using ML/DL techniques to protect multimedia data such as images, videos, and audio from unauthorized access, manipulation, or theft. Developing and implementing algorithms and systems that use ML/DL techniques to detect and prevent security breaches in multimedia data is the main subject of this field. These systems use techniques like watermarking, encryption, and digital signature verification to protect multimedia data. The advantages of using ML/DL in multimedia security include improved accuracy, scalability, and automation. ML/DL algorithms can improve the accuracy of detecting security threats and help identify multimedia data vulnerabilities. Additionally, ML models can be scaled up to handle large amounts of multimedia data, making them helpful in protecting big datasets. Finally, ML/DL algorithms can automate the process of multimedia security, making it easier and more efficient to protect multimedia data. The disadvantages of using ML/DL in multimedia security include data availability, complexity, and black box models. ML and DL algorithms require large amounts of data to train the models, which can sometimes be challenging. Developing and implementing ML algorithms can also be complex, requiring specialized skills and knowledge. Finally, ML/DL models are often black box models, which means it can be difficult to understand how they make their decisions. This can be a challenge when explaining the decisions to stakeholders or auditors. Overall, multimedia security based on ML/DL is a promising area of research with many potential benefits. However, it also presents challenges that must be addressed to ensure the security and privacy of multimedia data.Book Citation Index – Scienc