VFAST - Virtual Foundation for Advancement of Science and Technology (Pakistan)
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The Role of Reconciliation in Financial Disputes: A Sharia Study
Get PDFThis research explores the critical role of reconciliation (Sulh) in resolving financial disputes within the framework of Islamic law. The study provides an extensive Sharia analysis on the mechanisms and principles that guide the resolution of financial conflicts, emphasizing the importance of Sulh as both a prophetic practice and a judicial principle. By examining various sources of Islamic jurisprudence, including the Quran, Hadith, and rulings of Islamic scholars, this paper delineates the conditions and processes through which reconciliation can be achieved in financial matters. The study highlights case studies and historical instances where Sulh was effectively utilized to resolve disputes, demonstrating its practical applications and benefits in contemporary financial transactions. The findings suggest that embracing reconciliation not only aligns with Islamic legal traditions but also enhances the efficiency and harmony of financial dealings. This study contributes to the understanding of Islamic financial jurisprudence and offers valuable insights for scholars, legal practitioners, and individuals engaged in financial transactions within Islamic contexts
An Empirical Evaluation of Data Integrity Algorithm Performance in Non-Relational Document Databases
Get PDFNon-relational document databases are a type of NoSQL databases, are gaining popularity owing to their flexibility, scalability, and performance. Document databases provide some distinct security issues. One of the most difficult security challenges is that they are frequently built to be extremely accessible. This can make them more vulnerable to assault if suitable security measures are not taken. Users of database can access data with weak authentication or authorization. Another issue is that they store data in a semi-structured or unstructured format. This makes it difficult to create and execute security safeguards. It may be difficult to detect and secure sensitive data that is kept. Document databases are certain data integrity problems. In this research work, we have developed Big Document DBCrypto’s architecture under which Middle ware provides users to use symmetric cryptography with any hashing algorithm or asymmetric cryptography with digital signatures to ensure data integrity
Morphological Investigation of Lamellae Patterns in Diblock Copolymers under Change of Thickness and Confinement in Polar Geometry
Get PDFMathematicians collaborate computationally with practical scientists to predict the novel morphologies soft materials, having potential applications in nanotechnology. This work presents the novel lamellae morphology that the confined diblock copolymer system displayed inside the polar geometry in order to achieve this, cell dynamics simulations (CDS) model is employed on a polar mesh to study the special impacts of confinement on the self-assembly behavior of diblock copolymer systems. Under the numerical formulation of the isotropic Laplacian with polar geometry employed in the CDS model, the set of 9-point stencil is considered to discretize the Laplacian operator on polar mesh system. FTCS finite difference mechanism is taken into consideration for discretization of Laplacian operator due to its computational efficiency and accuracy. Cell dynamics simulation is efficient simulation model for large-scale simulation as compared to the other models available in literature. In the simulation, evolutionary lamella morphology is presented with and without confinement for various sizes of the circular annular pores. A comparative review of lamella morphologies achieved by simulation in comparison of experimental study is presented, coupled with a thorough investigation of symmetric and asymmetric morphologies in captivity
Thermal Modeling and Performance Investigation of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell
Get PDFAbstract This research paper presents analysis of heat generation problem in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell using COMSOL Multiphysics software. PEM fuel cells are widely recognized for their high electrical power output and environmental sustainability. However, in a PEM fuel cell around 50 to 60 % of energy generated from chemical reactions is dissipated as heat energy. To address this issue PEM fuel cell stack model is designed and thermal modeling is carried out to evaluate its performance. Based on thermal modeling of surface temperature distribution of cell it is found that the cathode side of PEM fuel cell is warmer and generates more heat as compared to other parts due to the exothermic reactions,slow reaction rate,joule heating effect and material properties.Moreover, it is also found that there is uniform temperature distribution across the cell due to rapid heat conduction from cathode side to the surface of the cell.The results of this study show that due to more heat generation on cathode side temperature will tend to increase.This increasing temperature enhancesthe average cell current density but as the average cell current density increases it reduces the average cell voltage thus declining the efficiency of PEM fuel cell. Hence ,there should be an optimal temperature range between 60 to 80°C for the better performance of a PEM fuel cell. Findings of this study can serve as a valuable resource for understanding heat generation process in PEM fuel cell for the development of efficient and reliable fuel cell technology in future
Muhammad(ﷺ) as a Psychologist in the light of Seerat E Tayyiba(ﷺ)
No full textPsychology is directly related to the human mind, thoughts, feelings, characters and various aspects of human mental life. Psychology play a vital role in human personality. Islam itself is deeply interested in human psychology. The purpose of psychology is to discussed the human personality and behavior. As time passed and with the advancement and classification of knowledge started hundreds of branches came into existence. As like this the one significant aspect of knowledge is psychology .However as much as psychology has been discussed in no other religion has done so much. According to the Holy Quran and Hadith there are so many examples have been emphasized about the psychology of Hazrat Muhammad (ﷺ). The life of Hazrat Muhammad (ﷺ) is a great example for all mankind of all times. In this article there are so many examples and aspects of the psychology of Hazrat Muhammad (ﷺ) have been discussed which shows that indeed Hazrat Muhammad (ﷺ) is the greatest psychologist. In this article His valuable suggestions and advices are herirically discussed in a beautiful way .The main objectives of the article is to bring the psychological aspects, suggestions, and its solid impacts on the companions during the life of Hazrat Muhammad (ﷺ). In this article both primary and secondary sources e.g Holy Quran, Hadith and books of Muslim thinkers are used. Shortly the last prophet of Allah Hazrat Muhammad (ﷺ) is the best of all creatures and his sayings there are goodness for all human beings
Semiotics and Gender Representation in Pakistani TVCs: Unraveling the Hidden Messages
Get PDFThis study scrutinizes the portrayal of gender identity in Pakistani television commercials, shedding insight on the intricate process of co-constructed understanding within this context. Leveraging Gillian Dyer\u27s seminal semiotic framework, the research investigates how symbols, visual metaphors, and icons communicate and shape gender realities. Through a qualitative research design, a sample of seven Television commercials, from prominent Pakistani channels has been examined to critically analyze the stereotypical perceptions of gender and traditional narratives. The findings illuminate the transformative potential of these advertisements, as they defy patriarchal ideologies and inspire gender equality. This research not only contributes to the advancement of gender discourse but also provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to foster an inclusive society that embraces diverse expressions of gender identity. Ultimately, this study showcases the indelible influence of Pakistani television commercials in shaping perceptions of gender and forging a path toward a more enlightened and equitable future
The Design and Evaluation of Novel Ananimated CAPTCHA Schemes Based on Humans’ Natural Vision Capabilities
Get PDFCAPTCHAs are ubiquitously found on the web these days. It is most commonly used security mechanism against bots. Numerous design variants of static text-based CAPTCHAs were proposed and implemented on the internet over the years. However due to advancements in machine learning and image processing techniques they were proved vulnerable against automated attacks. In this research a new and robust animated CAPTCHA scheme is presented which is based on human’s natural vision capabilities. The newly designed CAPTCHAs are user friendly for humans but extremely hard for bots. The security and usability is kept in mind while designing these CAPTCHAs. Various types of characters, patterns and filters are used to protect them against automated attacks. Overall, 20 types of animated CAPTCHAs are designed in this work. Further in this research, a group of participants have evaluated the usability of newly designed CAPTCHAs and solved with an average success rate of 76.85%. The analysis has proved that the proposed scheme is very much usable for humans and extremely difficult for bots
Blockchain Technology Performance of Asymmetric Algorithms: An Empirical Study
Get PDFBlockchain technology is a transparent, and unchangeable distributed ledger. It has the potential to transform the way to interact with the digital world by allowing to construct a decentralized database that is tamper-proof. Concerns regarding the security of confidential and sensitive data being outsourced are rising. It is possible that service providers may be dishonest since unscrupulous administrators have access to, may alter, and can misuse private and sensitive data. Security precautions are necessary because sensitive data stored on public clouds has to be safeguarded. There is no mechanism to detect data changes, as data are stored in plaintext. Therefore, maintaining privacy and secrecy is impossible. It is important that data must always be kept secure, even after it has been kept on the server. Data stored on the server must be safeguarded against outsider access and, if the insider cannot be trusted, must also be safeguarded against hostile insiders. Asymmetric algorithms are employed to safeguard data during transmission. Asymmetric cryptography is required in modern security systems, and several algorithms have been devised to provide safe and effective encryption and decryption. Asymmetric algorithms are empirically compared in this study. We evaluated each algorithm\u27s performance by taking into account criteria such as key size, memory utilization, and execution time. Our results show that while all algorithms provide safe encryption and decryption, there are significant performance disparities between them. It is determined, in particular, that ECC required the least amount of memory and had the shortest key size. The findings show that ECC\u27s prime and binary fields created pairs of keys faster and with more security than other asymmetric algorithms with smaller bit sizes. On small, medium, and big datasets, ECC had the fastest execution time for plaintext encryption operations. These findings have important implications for the selection and deployment of asymmetric algorithms in various security systems
Pak-Afghan Relationship: Obstacles and Opportunities
Get PDFThe primary purpose of the article is to examine the complex nature of the Pakistani and Afghani relationship. Our strained relationship is sometimes attributed to the fact that Afghanistan has been militarily prepared as a unified force for policy purposes ever since Pakistan\u27s founding in 1947. The objective of the study is to figure out why there has been animosity between Pakistan and Afghanistan, despite the fact that Afghanistan is a neighboring country. The fundamental issue is the government\u27s ability to acknowledge the Durand line disagreement. Although the Durand Line is recognized internationally, the Afghan ethnic group does not. Nonetheless, trade and other operations between Afghanistan and Pakistan are conducted across this boundary. A constructive approach is applied to elaborate the relationships which can be bolstered through negative communication and two-way dialogue. The study evaluates that both Pakistan and Afghanistan need to sit down together in awe as the deadline for resolving the Taliban\u27s Durand Line other aims approaches
Evaluation of Listening Skills in Grade 5 English PCTB Textbooks
Get PDFTextbook Evaluation refers to the procedure under which the decision is made about the selection of textbook by emphasizing the need of learning-teaching scenario. This paper seeks to evaluate the listening skills in Grade 5 English Textbook for apprehending what role listening skill has to play in textbook of this level by analyzing the recruitment of listening skills at the primary level. This research addresses what percentile the listening activities are given along with the other activities in the book. This research also lists the problems seen as per the implication of listening skills. The research methodology focuses on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of listening skills through Cunnings worth’s framework to assess what kind of activities are involved and are they beneficial for learners. From Cunning worth’s model, three main aspects are looked at in detail: Appropriacy, motivation for the learner and learners’ content, and pedagogic analysis and language content. The findings reveal that the first two sections contribute more as compared to pedagogic content. The textbook authors should revise the textbook content related to listening skill after consulting listening skills theory and its evaluative perspectives for primary grade learners. Thus, the findings imply that book has some shortcomings as more activities can be incorporated promoting communicative and linguistic competence and critical listening skill