Revistas UPO (Universidad Pablo de Olivade)
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    Introdução ao monográfico especial sobre «Debates jurídico-criminológicos sobre a Lei 10/2022, de 6 de setembro, também conhecida como lei do «só sim é sim»»

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    Sexuality is one of the most sensitive areas of the human being and, consequently, any issue affecting its penal regulation tends to give rise to great controversy. These conceptions not only have debatable effects not only on sexual aggression, but also on all penal concepts aimed at protecting sexual freedom. Faced with the convulsive situation described, it is convenient and necessary to analyse in depth the consequences of the changes already produced and those that threaten to come.La sexualidad es uno de los ámbitos más sensibles del ser humano y, en consonancia, cualquier cuestión que afecte a su regulación penal suele dar lugar a grandes polémicas. Estas concepciones no sólo despliegan sus discutibles efectos en las agresiones sexuales, sino también, sobre todas las figuras penales destinadas a proteger la libertad sexual. Ante la convulsiva situación descrita, es conveniente y necesario analizar a fondo las consecuencias de los cambios ya producidos y los que amenazan con venir.La sessualità è uno degli ambiti più delicati dell'essere umano e, di conseguenza, qualsiasi questione che ne riguardi la regolamentazione penale è solitamente oggetto di grandi controversie. Queste concezioni non solo hanno effetti discutibili sulle aggressioni sessuali, ma anche su tutte le figure penali volte a proteggere la libertà sessuale. Di fronte alla situazione convulsa descritta, è opportuno e necessario analizzare in profondità le conseguenze dei cambiamenti già avvenuti e di quelli che minacciano di verificarsi.A sexualidade é uma das áreas mais sensíveis do ser humano e, consequentemente, qualquer questão que afete a sua regulamentação penal costuma dar origem a grandes controvérsias. Essas concepções não só têm efeitos discutíveis nas agressões sexuais, mas também em todas as figuras penais destinadas a proteger a liberdade sexual. Diante da situação convulsa descrita, é conveniente e necessário analisar em profundidade as consequências das mudanças já ocorridas e das que ameaçam vir

    Fiesta de Iemanjia

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    El papel de la orientación y la confianza en las compras electrónicas en la predicción del comportamiento de compra impulsiva. : Un estudio basado en miembros de la Generación Y en la India

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    Impulse Buying and the drivers of similar consumer behaviours have captured the interest of researchers for quite some time now. The construct was first explored in the context of offline or brick and mortar stores. However, with the growing popularity of online retail stores has led to the concept being included in studies on customer behaviour, specifically in the online context. In the current study, the researchers attempt to contribute to literature on customer behaviour in the online environment by exploring the relationship between E-Shopping Orientation, Trust and Impulsive Buying Behaviour. The focus of the currents study is the members of Generation Y. The scope was limited to this specific section, given that each generation differs from the other in terms of their behaviour, needs and drivers. While the direct impact of E-shopping Orientation on Impulsive Buying Behaviour was found to be not statistically significant, the indirect effect was found to be significant. This suggests that Trust fully mediates the relationship between E-Shopping Orientation and Impulsive Buying Behaviour. In addition to contributing to literature in the area of customer behaviour, the findings also add to our understanding of a major section of the Indian customer base.Las compras impulsivas y los impulsores de comportamientos similares de los consumidores han captado el interés de los investigadores desde hace bastante tiempo. La construcción se exploró por primera vez en el contexto de tiendas físicas o fuera de línea. Sin embargo, la creciente popularidad de las tiendas minoristas en línea ha llevado a que el concepto se incluya en estudios sobre el comportamiento del cliente, específicamente en el contexto en línea. En el estudio actual, los investigadores intentan contribuir a la literatura sobre el comportamiento del cliente en el entorno online explorando la relación entre la orientación de compra electrónica, la confianza y el comportamiento de compra impulsivo. El foco del estudio actual son los miembros de la Generación Y. El alcance se limitó a esta sección específica, dado que cada generación difiere de la otra en términos de su comportamiento, necesidades e impulsores. Si bien se encontró que el impacto directo de la orientación de compras electrónicas sobre el comportamiento de compra impulsivo no era estadísticamente significativo, el efecto indirecto sí lo era. Esto sugiere que la confianza media completamente en la relación entre la orientación de compra electrónica y el comportamiento de compra impulsivo. Además de contribuir a la literatura en el área del comportamiento del cliente, los hallazgos también contribuyen a nuestra comprensión de una sección importante de la base de clientes de la India

    El Bitcoin ya no es un valor refugio

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    Since January 2020, we have been experiencing times of uncertainty and volatility. This study aims to analyze the behavior of cryptocurrencies during periods of volatility and whether they can be considered safe-haven assets. To measure volatility, we utilize the VIX and estimate linear regression models between both variables. The results obtained, using the five most significant non-stable cryptocurrencies, reveal that the three primary ones (BTC, ETH, and BNB) do have a significant relationship with volatility. However, they do not act as safe-haven assets, as they demonstrate a negative correlation during times of uncertainty. The other two cryptocurrencies studied (XRP and ADA) do not exhibit a significant relationship. Given that cryptocurrencies can no longer be considered safe havens, a fact established in various economic literature articles, we analyze the point at which this structural change occurred by examining the correlation between the S&P500 stock index (SPX) and BTC. Employing the Chow test, we find a structural change in 2020. Before 2020, there was no significant correlation between the two variables. However, starting from that year, a positive and significant correlation is observed within a 99% confidence interval. Studying other cryptocurrencies, including those of smaller size compared to the ones analyzed, could aid in understanding the potential determinants of their behavior. Furthermore, a comparative analysis could be conducted between the behavior of larger cryptocurrencies and those of smaller sizesDesde enero de 2020 vivimos tiempos de incertidumbre y volatilidad. En este estudio vamos a analizar el comportamiento de las criptodivisas en tiempos de volatilidad, y si este puede ser propio de un activo refugio. Para medir la volatilidad usamos el VIX y estimamos modelos de regresión lineal entre ambas variables. Los resultados alcanzados, que utilizan las cinco criptomonedas no estables más importantes, muestran que las tres principales (BTC, ETH y BNB) sí tienen una relación significativa con la volatilidad, pero no actúan como activo refugio, ya que presentan signo negativo en tiempos de incertidumbre. Las otras dos criptodivisas estudiadas (XRP y ADA) no presentan relación de forma significativa. Teniendo en cuenta que ya no podemos utilizar las criptodivisas como valor refugio, algo acreditado en la literatura económica en diversos artículos, analizamos en qué momento se produjo ese cambio estructural, para lo que analizamos la correlación entre el índice bursátil S&P500 (SPX) y el BTC. Utilizando el test de Chow encontramos que en el año 2020 hay un cambio estructural. No había correlación significativa entre ambas variables antes de 2020, para observarse, a partir del citado año, una correlación positiva y significativa en un intervalo de confianza del 99%. El estudio de otras criptodivisas, incluidas las de menor tamaño que las analizadas, podría ayudar a entender los posibles determinantes del comportamiento de estas y se podría realizar una comparativa entre la conducta de las criptomonedas de mayor tamaño y las de un tamaño menor

    Mais do que um ato público de afeto: Ativismo contra a descriminalização de atos homossexuais na Colômbia.: Activismo frente a la Despenalización de los Actos Homosexuales en Colombia

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    The objective of this article is to study the actions developed by the Colombian Homosexual Liberation Movement (hereafter MLHC) against the process of decriminalization of homosexual acts in Colombia at the end of the 1970s. Using the extensive documentation generated by the MLHC, the article challenges the historiographic assumption of the absence of homosexual activism in the decriminalization process. It demonstrates how the MLHC worked with both theoretical and practical proposals that faced penalization, while emphasizing the distinction between penalization and criminalization. This distinction is key to understanding how the persecution of sexual and gender dissent operated legally and paralegally. In order to establish a new perspective of the analysis of criminalization, framed in the study of the history of the establishment of the heteronorm in Colombia, the article also offers possible ways forward for future studies.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar las acciones desarrolladas por el Movimiento de Liberación Homosexual Colombiano (en adelante MLHC) frente al proceso de despenalización de los actos homosexuales en Colombia a finales de la década de los setenta del siglo XX. Usando la amplia documentación dejada por el MLHC esta investigación retará al supuesto historiográfico de la ausencia de activismo homosexual en el proceso de despenalización. Se demuestra como el MLHC trabajó con propuestas tanto teóricas como prácticas que se enfrentaban a la penalización, al mismo tiempo que se enfatiza la distinción entre penalización y criminalización. Esta distinción resulta clave para entender cómo la persecución a la disidencia sexual y de género operó legal y paralegalmente. Se ofrece además una posible ruta de trabajo a seguir para establecer una nueva perspectiva del análisis de la criminalización, enmarcada en el estudio de la historia del establecimiento de la heteronorma en Colombia.O presente artigo tem como objetivo estudar as ações desenvolvidas pelo Movimento de Libertação Homossexual da Colômbia (doravante MLHC) em face do processo de descriminalização dos atos homossexuais na Colômbia no final dos anos setenta. Ao contrário do que a historiografia tem proposto a respeito do papel do ativismo homossexual no processo de descriminalização, este escrito mostra, com base na revisão de documentos internos do MLHC, que esta organização trabalhou ativamente contra a criminalização da dissidência sexual com propostas teóricas e práticas . Com o exposto, pretendo não só destacar a atuação daqueles que lutaram para transformar sua realidade em meio a um ambiente hostil, mas também apontar outros elementos para uma discussão sobre a historicidade da heteronorma e a perpetuação da homofobia na região. Colômbia

    “Modernización” del sistema de negociación colectiva desde un enfoque garantista

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    Collective bargaining is not only an institution that regulates and organizes the system of labor relations and certain aspects of the management of the "company system", it is also a socio-political and legal institution that contributes to establishing "industrial democracy" and power relations between professional organizations in structural conflict, thus becoming a fundamental backbone of the democratic and pluralist system of labor relations.  The 2012 reform, far from entailing -as stated in the Statement of Motives of Law 3/2012- a "modernization" of collective bargaining (technical self-qualification purportedly aseptic and neutral) that involved an authoritarian turn (not necessarily unconstitutional in everything that was the object of the legislative reform), and which generated more problems and conflicts than it supposedly intended to solve.La negociación colectiva no es sólo una institución que regula y ordena el sistema de relaciones laborales y ciertos aspectos de la gestión del “sistema de empresas”, es al propio tiempo una institución sociopolítica y jurídica que contribuye a establecer la “democracia industrial” y las relaciones de poder entre las organizaciones profesionales en conflicto estructural y con ello se constituye en un cauce de vertebración fundamental del sistema democrático y pluralista de relaciones laborales.  La reforma de 2012, lejos de conllevar –como se afirmaba en la Exposición de Motivos de la Ley 3/2012- una “modernización” de la negociación colectiva (autocalificación técnica pretendidamente aséptica y neutral) que supuso un giro autoritario (no necesariamente inconstitucional en todo lo que fue objeto de la reforma legislativa), y que generó más problemas y conflictos de los que supuestamente pretendía resolver

    Buscando América: Aproximación etnográfica al americanismo universitario en Barcelona

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    The purpose of this article is to investigate the scientific and personal reasons that have led some researchers at the University of Barcelona and to a lesser extent at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, to conform an academic Americanistic space. The idea is to contribute to the study of the contexts that shape the production of knowledge about America from the Catalan close distance, focusing on concepts such as otherness, loving and commitment. What takes us to choose a place as a research area? Do the circumstances that mark that choice, such as the influence of tutors, scientific expectations or political positioning, shape our way of understanding that place, be it a historical process or an element or cultural region in the present? It is suggested that our gaze on America is indeed determined by our location in a given space-time context, but also by the past and present reality of a fascinating continent.El objetivo de este artículo es indagar en las razones personales y científicas que han llevado a algunos/as investigadores/as de la Universidad de Barcelona, y en menor medida la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, a conformar un espacio académico americanista. La idea es contribuir al estudio de los contextos que enmarcan la producción del conocimiento sobre América desde la lejanía cercana catalana, centrándonos en conceptos como alteridad, enamoramiento y compromiso. ¿Qué nos lleva a elegir un lugar como espacio de investigación? ¿Las circunstancias que marcan esa elección (como la influencia de los/as maestros/as, las expectativas científicas, y/o los posicionamientos políticos) configuran nuestra manera de entender ese lugar, sea éste un proceso histórico o un elemento o área cultural en el presente? Se sugiere que nuestra mirada sobre América está efectivamente determinada por nuestra ubicación en un contexto espacio-temporal determinado, pero también por la realidad pasada y presente de un continente fascinante

    Optimization of brain organoids as models for the study of neurodegenerative diseases

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    ABSTRACTMotivation: One of the current challenges faced by neuroscience is the limited availability of in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases, as there are notable anatomical and molecular differences among murine and human brain. As a result, significant efforts have been made towards the development of new models based on human cells, with cerebral organoids standing out as a particularly promising approach. Brain organoids are 3D models usually developed from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that simulate the composition and cytoarchitecture of different regions of the human brain. They may allow us to obtain in vitro information about the human brain, which makes them a valuable model for investigating neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, they present disadvantages associated with the absence of essential components for their development and functionality. Therefore, we will investigate the effect of incorporating an extracellular matrix (ECM) from human and pig brain into the culture of these organoids, as it contains specific combinations of components that play a role in multiple neuronal processes. On the other hand, in order to find the optimal model for generating this organoids, two protocols, Lancaster (1) and Rosebrock (2), have been compared. Lancaster’s protocol is the most cited for brain organoids, but following it, other embryonic layers are developed. Rosebrock’s protocol, is a modification of the Lancaster’s protocol, in which SMAD pathway inhibitors are used to avoid the formation of non-ectodermal layers.Methods: We generated brain organoids from iPSC, following two protocols: Lancaster (1) and Rosebrock (2). Two ECM conditions were used during cultures: Matrigel versus ECM obtained from pig brain. Subsequently, the addition of human ECM will be tested. Finally, organoids are being characterized using different techniques such as immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and expression arrays.Results: We have found molecular differences among brain organoids obtained following the different protocols, as those obtained following Rosebrock’s protocol express fewer endodermal and mesodermal markers than those obtained with Lancaster's protocol. As well, we have identified different features between those organoids matured with ECM and those matured only with Matrigel, the former being larger than the latter. Further studies will discern whether there are other relevant differences between the models

    The Reykjavik Summit: a new impetus from the Council of Europe in promoting the Social Rights Agenda in Europe

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    Los derechos sociales forman parte de la visión común del Consejo de Europa. Son indispensables para que todoslos ciudadanosposean una vida condignidad y autodeterminación. Garantizarlos es una condición esencial de la democracia. La Carta Social Europea, conocidacomo la Constitución Social de Europa, desempeña un papel central en la arquitectura europea de los derechos humanos. Ningún otro instrumento jurídico a nivel paneuropeo ofrece una protección tan amplia y completa de los derechos sociales. En mayo de 2023, la Declaración de Reikiavik insistió en el compromiso de los Estados miembros coneste tratado. En virtud de ello, los días 3 y 4 de julio de 2024 tendrá lugar en Vilna, bajo la presidencia lituana del Comité de Ministros, la Conferencia de Alto Nivel de la Carta Social Europea. Su significación reside en que los Estados adoptarán nuevos desafíos, de entre los que destacan, suconsolidación normativa, lasimplificación de su sistematización y la contribución a su aplicación efectiva. En suma, se reafirmarála necesidad dequelos derechos humanos sociales sean clave en la construcción de un espacio jurídico en Europa. Social rights are an integral part of the Council of Europe’s shared joint vision. They are indispensable for all citizens to live in dignity and have a self-determined lifestyle. Guaranteeing them is an essential condition for democracy. The European Social Charter, known as the Social Constitution of Europe, plays a central role in the European human rights architecture. No other legal instrument at the pan-European level offers such broad and comprehensive protection of social rights. In May 2023, the Reykjavik Declaration insisted on Member States' commitment to this treaty. Consequently, this upcoming July 3 and 4, 2024, the High-Level Conference on the European Social Charter will take place in Vilnius, under the Lithuanian presidency of the Committee of Ministers. Its significance lies in the fact that the States will take up new challenges, including consolidating its standards, simplifying its systematization and contributing to its effective implementation. In short, it will reaffirm the need for social human rights to be key to the construction of the European legal framework

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