Revistas UPO (Universidad Pablo de Olivade)
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El descubrimiento de la educación en diseño de interiores en Turquía: enfoques analíticos en la investigación de tesis de posgrado
Get PDFIn this study, it is aimed to reveal the development of the agenda by identifying the focal scales addressed in the doctoral and proficiency in art theses produced in the discipline of interior architecture in Turkey, to draw attention to the synergies between universities and to present a chronological perspective. The study was designed with the explanatory sequential mixed method, which enables to develop an in-depth understanding of the subject and then to strengthen this understanding by making some categorisations. In the study, statistical analyses and content analyses of 227 thesis studies were carried out. Postgraduate thesis studies produced in the field of interior architecture have increased rapidly in recent years, with design research, environmental behaviour research and building technology research being the most focused topics. Design education, theoretical concepts, space perception and user-oriented design are of great interest to students. This study is limited to the doctoral and proficiency in art thesis studies in the discipline of interior architecture that have been successfully uploaded to the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) Thesis Centre, which regulates higher education activities in Turkey. This study, which provides a detailed overview of postgraduate studies, which are a resource in professional education where social benefit is prioritised, also reveals the limited limitlessness of professional practice and education. The study presents a comprehensive map of thesis studies in the field of interior architecture and is the first comprehensive research in this field in Turkey.En este estudio, se pretende analizar las tendencias investigadoras identificando las escalas focales abordadas en las tesis de doctorado y competencia en arte producidas en la disciplina de arquitectura de interiores en Turquía, para llamar la atención sobre las sinergias entre universidades y presentar una perspectiva cronológica. El estudio fue diseñado utilizando el método mixto secuencial explicativo, que permite desarrollar una comprensión profunda del tema y luego fortalecer esta comprensión mediante la realización de algunas categorizaciones. Se llevaron a cabo análisis estadísticos y de contenido de 227 estudios de tesis.
En los últimos años, los estudios de tesis de posgrado producidos en el campo de la arquitectura de interiores han aumentado rápidamente, siendo los temas más abordados la investigación en diseño, la investigación sobre el comportamiento ambiental y la investigación en tecnología de la construcción. La educación en diseño, los conceptos teóricos, la percepción del espacio y el diseño orientado al usuario son de gran interés para los estudiantes. Este estudio se limita a las tesis doctorales y de suficiencia investigadora en la disciplina de arquitectura de interiores que han sido subidas al Centro de Tesis del Consejo de Educación Superior (YÖK), que regula las actividades de educación superior en Turquía.
Este trabajo, que proporciona una visión detallada de los estudios de posgrado como recurso en la formación profesional donde se prioriza el beneficio social, también revela la limitada amplitud de la práctica y la educación profesional. El estudio presenta un mapa exhaustivo de los estudios de tesis en el campo de la arquitectura de interiores y constituye la primera investigación integral en este ámbito en Turquía.
Encarnación Carmona Cuenca, El derecho fundamental a la protección social. Tutela multinivel, Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2024
Get PDFJusticia automatizada: entre las inteligencias artificiales que fingen y las que persuaden
Get PDFOn December 18, 2024, Anthropic researchers released a study entitled “Alignment Faking in Large Language Models,” which questions the effectiveness of current training and ethical alignment methodologies in Artificial Intelligence. The study’s primary finding points to the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to “fake” adherence to certain principles or values when they perceive they are under evaluation, while exhibiting divergent behaviours in contexts where they believe they are unmonitored. This so-called compliance gap highlights fundamental concerns about the reliability, legitimacy, and transparency of such systems, particularly in high-stakes social contexts such as their potential implementation in the administration of justice. This article examines the philosophical and legal implications of this phenomenon, situating it within the ongoing debate over whether a judge must be “good” in a moral sense or simply conform to the law. It also discusses the technical and regulatory challenges posed by AI capable of contextual adaptation strategies, drawing attention to the need for oversight mechanisms akin to those used in judicial systems to ensure proper alignment. Finally, the article addresses the dilemma of whether it is ethically and pragmatically feasible to demand that AI embody an internal “virtue” or whether externally correct moral and legal conduct may suffice.El 18 de diciembre de 2024, el equipo de Anthropic publicó un estudio titulado “Alignment Faking in Large Language Models”, en el que se cuestiona la eficacia de los métodos actuales de entrenamiento y alineación ética de la Inteligencia Artificial. El hallazgo principal revela la capacidad de los Grandes Modelos del Lenguaje (LLMs) para “fingir” cumplimiento de ciertos principios o valores cuando se sienten evaluados, a la vez que, en contextos supuestamente no monitorizados, pueden manifestar un comportamiento divergente. Esta brecha de cumplimiento pone de relieve interrogantes fundamentales sobre la confiabilidad, legitimidad y transparencia de dichos sistemas, sobre todo en ámbitos de gran trascendencia social, como su posible introducción en la administración de justicia. El presente artículo analiza las implicaciones filosóficas y jurídicas de este fenómeno, enmarcándolo en el debate clásico sobre si es esencial que un juez sea “bueno” o basta con que actúe conforme a la ley. Asimismo, se estudian los desafíos técnicos y regulatorios de una IA capaz de desarrollar estrategias de adaptación contextual, y se reflexiona sobre la necesidad de controles análogos a los del sistema judicial para garantizar la correcta alineación de estos modelos. Por último, se plantea el dilema de si es ética y pragmáticamente sostenible exigir a las IAs una “virtud” interna o si, por el contrario, basta con que su comportamiento externo sea meramente correcto en términos morales y jurídicos
Cortés contra Bonaparte: Propaganda, imaginarios políticos y símbolos patrióticos en la lucha contra los franceses (Nueva España, 1808-1810)
Get PDFThis article aims to present, based on the analysis of documentary sources, an interpretation of how the historical-mythical image of Hernán Cortés was used as a symbol of Hispanic values during Spain's war of independence against the First French Empire. New Spain was not immune to the details of 1808. Thanks to the news that the newspapers shared among their readers, thousands of people were attentive to the propaganda war that was brewing from the printing presses, the pulpits and the battlefield. Thus, characters from Spanish history, literature and mythology were referred to in pamphlets as symbols and defenders of the moral and identity values of the inhabitants of the Hispanic Empire.Este artículo pretende exponer, a partir del análisis a fuentes documentales, una interpretación sobre el cómo la imagen histórico-mítica de Hernán Cortés fue utilizada como símbolo de los valores hispánicos durante la guerra de independencia de España contra el Primer Imperio francés. La Nueva España no fue ajena a los pormenores de 1808. Gracias a las noticias que los diarios compartieron entre sus lectores, miles de personas estuvieron atentas a la guerra propagandística que se gestaba desde las imprentas, los púlpitos y el campo de batalla. Así, personajes de la historia, de la literatura y de la mitología española fueron referidos en panfletos como símbolos y defensores de los valores morales e identitarios de los habitantes del Imperio hispánico
K pasa bro? Code-mixing y elementos multimodales en la comunicación de WhatsApp en contextos vulnerables y no vulnerables
Get PDFThis study investigates differences and similarities in the use of English words and multimodal elements in the digital texts of students from vulnerable and non-vulnerable contexts. In addition, differences in the use of textisms between males and females are analysed. For this purpose, a case study was carried out that compared the writing of students in schools areas with social transformation needs (ASTNs) and in schools in areas without social transformation needs (ANSTNs). The sample consisted of 126 students in the third and fourth year of compulsory secondary education, aged 14, 15 and 16. The results show a differentiated behaviour in both contexts. Furthermore, it is observed that, in line with previous literature, females use more textisms in general, as well as lexical-semantic items, although this conclusion is only validated for ANSTNs. These findings reaffirm the need not to generalise adolescents' digital writing, but to consider their specific context, as there are large differences depending on the background.Este estudio investiga las diferencias y semejanzas en el uso de palabras en inglés y elementos multimodales en los textos digitales de estudiantes de contextos vulnerables y no vulnerables. Además, se analizan las diferencias en el uso de textismos entre hombres y mujeres. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de casos comparando la escritura de alumnos en centros con necesidades de transformación social (ZNTS) y en centros sin necesidad de transformación social (ZSNTS). La muestra consistió en 126 estudiantes de tercer y cuarto curso de educación secundaria obligatoria, correspondientes a 14, 15 y 16 años. Los resultados muestran un comportamiento diferenciado en ambos contextos. Además, se observa que, conforme a la bibliografía previa, las mujeres utilizan más textismos en general, así como elementos del plano léxico-semántico, aunque esta conclusión solo se valida para los centros en ZSNTS. Estos hallazgos reafirman la necesidad de no generalizar la escritura digital de los adolescentes, sino considerar su contexto específico, ya que existen grandes diferencias según el entorno
La robótica en la formación docente universitaria: un análisis comparativo de las percepciones entre España y Portugal
Get PDFEducational robotics has gained relevance as a tool to improve teaching, especially in disciplines related to Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics. This study compares the perceptions of university students in Spain and Portugal about its use, with the aim of identifying the impact of robotics on their teacher training. A quantitative and descriptive approach was used, using a questionnaire with 42 items and applied to 193 students from both nations. Perceptions about knowledge of robotics, interaction with it and its impact on motivation and learning were analysed. The data were processed with specialized computer software. Students from both countries showed a positive attitude towards educational robotics. The average scores were high in areas such as motivation and willingness to implement robotics in their teaching practices, although low knowledge was identified in specific tools such as Arduino and Scratch. The results reflect that educational robotics is seen as an effective tool to foster critical skills, such as critical thinking and self-learning. However, training in specific technologies needs to be improved. Educational robotics is perceived as beneficial in both Spain and Portugal, especially in terms of motivation and pedagogical methodology. However, greater familiarity with technological tools is required to maximize its educational impact.La robótica educativa ha ganado relevancia como herramienta para mejorar la enseñanza, especialmente en disciplinas relacionadas con la Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería, Artes y Matemáticas. Este estudio compara las percepciones de estudiantes universitarios en España y Portugal sobre su uso, con el objetivo de identificar el impacto de la robótica en su formación docente. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo y descriptivo, utilizando uncuestionario de 42 ítems aplicado a 193 estudiantes de ambas naciones. Se analizaron las percepciones sobre el conocimiento de la robótica, la interacción con ella y su impacto en la motivación y aprendizaje. Los datos se procesaron con el software informático especializado. Los estudiantes de ambos países mostraron una actitud positiva hacia la robótica educativa. Las puntuaciones medias fueron altas en áreas como la motivación y la disposición para implementar robótica en sus prácticas docentes, aunque se identificó un bajo conocimiento en herramientas específicas como Arduino y Scratch. Los resultados reflejan que la robótica educativa es vista como una herramienta efectiva para fomentar habilidades críticas, como el pensamiento crítico y el autoaprendizaje. Sin embargo, es necesario mejorar la formación en tecnologías específicas. La robótica educativa es percibida como beneficiosa tanto en España como en Portugal, especialmente en términos de motivación y metodología pedagógica. No obstante, se requiere una mayorfamiliarización con las herramientas tecnológicas para maximizar su impacto educativo
El ejercicio de los derechos de comunicación sindical en las redes sociales
Get PDFTrade unions' freedoms of expression and information on social media are fundamental rights of trade union, giving them the possibility to openly share their opinions and demands, while facilitating the amplification of their messages and participation in public debates. However, interaction on social networks entails certain risks, in particular the risk of infringement of the right to honour of third parties. To resolve this potential collision of rights, courts apply a proportionality test, in which they weigh the conflicting goods and rights, assessing the need to balance freedom of association with other equally relevant civil rights, such as personality rights. In this context, the question arises as to whether the use of the social network by trade unions as a means of transmitting information and expressing opinions should be a relevant circumstance in such a proportionality judgement, as well as the possible legal implications that would derive from this consideration.Las libertades de expresión e información de los sindicatos en las redes sociales constituyen derechos fundamentales de las organizaciones sindicales que les brindan la posibilidad de compartir abiertamente sus opiniones y reivindicaciones, al tiempo que les facilita la amplificación de sus mensajes y la participación en debates públicos. No obstante, la interacción en las redes sociales conlleva ciertos riesgos, especialmente el de vulneración del derecho al honor de terceros. Para resolver esta posible colisión de derechos, los tribunales aplican un juicio de proporcionalidad, dentro del cual ponderan los bienes y derechos en conflicto, evaluando la necesidad de equilibrar la libertad sindical con otros derechos civiles igualmente relevantes, como los derechos de la personalidad. En este contexto, surge la interrogante de si el uso de la red social por parte de los sindicatos como medio para transmitir información y expresar opiniones debería ser una circunstancia relevante en dicho juicio de proporcionalidad, así como las posibles implicaciones jurídicas que derivarían de esta consideración
From Yeast to Fly: A Study of the Evolutionary Conservation of Cohesin in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Drosophila melanogaster.
Get PDFMotivation: Cohesin is a crucial protein complex composed of Psm1, Psm3 and Rad21, arranged in a like-ring conformation. This complex plays a key role in maintaining chromosome structure, facilitating accurate chromosome segregation, regulating DNA repair, and controlling gene expression by influencing chromatin architecture and transcriptional processes. Defects in cohesin can lead to severe cellular consequences, including chromosome missegregation, genomic instability, and developmental disorders. Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an wide-spread eukaryotic model organism for genetic studies due to its simplicity, ease of genetic manipulation, and well-characterized genetic structure, making it an ideal tool for research in fundamental cellular processes. The evolutionary gap between Schizosaccaromyces pombe and Drosophila melanogaster (approximately 1.2 billion years) and between D. melanogaster and humans (around 600 million years) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the conservation and divergence [3] of cohesin function across a broad evolutionary spectrum. This study aims to explore the conservation and functional roles of cohesin in these species, providing valuable insights into its molecular mechanisms and the potential impact of its dysfunction across different eukaryotic organisms.
Methods: Each of the three S. pombe cohesin subunits, Psm1, Psm3 and Rad21, were replaced by their D. melanogaster orthologues. This was achieved by transforming a diploid strain with a linear fragment containing the Drosophila gene, a selection marker and homology sequences with the upstream and downstream regions of the gene to be replaced. The correct insertion of the fragment was verified by PCR. Viability of the transgenic yeast in haploidy was studied by sporulating the heterozygous mutants and segregating their four spores using a micromanipulator.
Results: Psm1 and Psm3 genes were replaced by their fly orthologues, SMC1 and SMC3, in a diploid strain resulting in a double heterozygous transgenic mutant. Upon tetrad segregation, it was observed that drosophila´s version can not substitute yeast´s natives genes
Use of brain organoids for the evaluation of toxicity and biodistribution of nanomedicines.
Get PDFThe evaluation of safety and efficacy is a crucial requirement in the development of new drugs. Traditionally, animal models, especially murine, have been the standard approach. However, growing evidence suggests that these models often fail to accurately replicate human physiology, a limitation that is particularly pronounced in the study of drugs targeting the central nervous system (CNS). This is due to significant molecular and cellular differences between the human brain and rodent models. Furthermore, animal experimentation entails high costs, requires specialized personnel, and is increasingly restricted by regulatory and funding agencies, driving the need for more predictive human-based models(García-Delgado et al., 2022).
Human 2D cell cultures offer an alternative, yet they present limitations, such as the inability to replicate the three-dimensional architecture of tissues and the complex cell-cell interactions found in vivo. In contrast, 3D in vitro models, like brain organoids, have emerged as powerful tools to better simulate human brain tissue and to explore novel therapies for neurological diseases. These multicellular models, typically derived from pluripotent stem cells, mimic the structural and functional complexity of the human brain more closely than traditional 2D cultures(Lancaster et al., 2013).
Nanoparticles (NPs) represent a promising approach in both therapeutic and diagnostic fields. Functionalized NPs loaded with bioactive compounds, such as cannabinoids, have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antinociceptive effects without psychoactive properties, offering alternative mechanisms to currently available CNS drugs (Álvarez-Fuentes et al., 2012).
This study aims to develop cerebral organoids to assess the biodistribution and toxicity of PLGA-PEG polymeric nanoparticles loaded with cannabidiol (CBD), synthesized via nanoprecipitation (NPP). The evaluation of CBD-NP behavior within the CNS, using cerebral organoids, will provide insight into their potential therapeutic application.
For biodistribution analysis, NPs were labeled with the fluorophore Nile Red for visualization under fluorescence microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed on organoid sections to evaluate the biodistributión of NPs and assess potential cytotoxic effects.This approach aims to advance CNS drug delivery by combining cerebral organoids with nanoparticles, promoting safer and more effective therapies.
A journey from academia to industry through the language of the genome.
Get PDFFrom a very young age, I have been deeply fascinated by the simplicity and elegance of the genetic code—just four letters, A, G, C, and T, encoding the immense complexity of nature’s biodiversity. This fascination has driven my passion for understanding how decoding this language can lead to endless biotechnological and medical advancements, with the potential to address some of society’s most pressing challenges.
For over fourteen years, I dedicated my career to academic research, focusing on the application of functional genomics to explore various biological processes, such as evolution, embryonic development, and the molecular foundations of human diseases. However, some time ago, my professional path took a new direction, and I am currently part of a growing pharmacogenomics company, Duponte Research and Development, whose vision is to integrate pharmacogenomic analysis into routine clinical practice to ensure that every patient receives the most effective treatment, at the optimal dose, and at the right time.
I was also a student in these master’s programs many years ago, and this talk aims to offer a personal perspective on the opportunities that both academia and industry can provide, as well as the importance of education, passion, and curiosity in professional development