Revistas UPO (Universidad Pablo de Olivade)
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Soluções colaborativas para resolver conflitos entre pares: Projeto de formação em mediação
No full textBullying is a global problem that affects students of all ages, races, genders and socio-economic backgrounds. It manifests itself in various forms, such as verbal harassment, social exclusion, physical intimidation or cyberbullying, and can have devastating consequences for victims, including deteriorating mental health, poor academic performance and dropping out of school. It persists as one of the most significant challenges facing educational institutions today. This form of peer violence, which can manifest itself in a variety of ways, leaves a deep mark on students' lives, affecting their emotional, social and academic well-being. Faced with this reality, it is crucial to develop effective strategies for prevention and addressing it in order to promote a safe, inclusive and respectful school environment. School mediation presents itself as a promising alternative, focusing on dialogue, empathy and the search for collaborative solutions to resolve peer conflicts.El acoso escolar, es un problema global que afecta a estudiantes de todas las edades, razas, géneros y niveles socioeconómicos. Se manifiesta de diversas formas, como el hostigamiento verbal, la exclusión social, la intimidación física o el ciberacoso, y puede tener consecuencias devastadoras para las víctimas, incluyendo el deterioro de su salud mental, el bajo rendimiento académico y el abandono escolar. Persiste como uno de los desafíos más significativos que enfrentan las instituciones educativas en la actualidad. Esta forma de violencia entre compañeros, que puede manifestarse de diversas maneras y deja una huella profunda en la vida de los estudiantes, afectando su bienestar emocional, social y académico. Ante esta realidad, es crucial desarrollar estrategias efectivas de prevención y abordaje que promuevan un ambiente escolar seguro, inclusivo y respetuoso. La mediación escolar se presenta como una alternativa prometedora, al centrarse en el diálogo, la empatía y la búsqueda de soluciones colaborativas para resolver conflictos entre iguales.Il bullismo è un problema globale che colpisce studenti di tutte le età, razze, generi e contesti socio-economici. Si manifesta in varie forme, come molestie verbali, esclusione sociale, intimidazione fisica o cyberbullismo, e può avere conseguenze devastanti per le vittime, tra cui deterioramento della salute mentale, scarso rendimento scolastico e abbandono della scuola. Persiste come una delle sfide più significative che le istituzioni scolastiche devono affrontare oggi. Questa forma di violenza tra pari, che può manifestarsi in vari modi, lascia un segno profondo nella vita degli studenti, influenzando il loro benessere emotivo, sociale e accademico. Di fronte a questa realtà, è fondamentale sviluppare strategie efficaci per la prevenzione e la gestione del fenomeno, al fine di promuovere un ambiente scolastico sicuro, inclusivo e rispettoso. La mediazione scolastica si presenta come un'alternativa promettente, incentrata sul dialogo, sull'empatia e sulla ricerca di soluzioni collaborative per risolvere i conflitti tra pari.O bullying é um problema global que afeta alunos de todas as idades, raças, géneros e níveis socioeconómicos. Manifesta-se de várias formas, como o assédio verbal, a exclusão social, a intimidação física ou o ciberbullying, e pode ter consequências devastadoras para as vítimas, incluindo a deterioração da sua saúde mental, o mau desempenho académico e o abandono escolar. Persiste como um dos desafios mais significativos que as instituições educativas enfrentam hoje em dia. Esta forma de violência entre pares, que pode manifestar-se de diversas formas e deixa marcas profundas na vida dos estudantes, afetando o seu bem-estar emocional, social e académico. Perante esta realidade, é crucial desenvolver estratégias de prevenção e de abordagem eficazes que promovam um ambiente escolar seguro, inclusivo e respeitador. A mediação escolar apresenta-se como uma alternativa promissora, apostando no diálogo, na empatia e na procura de soluções colaborativas para a resolução de conflitos entre iguais
La promoción de la salud laboral (y personal) en la negociación colectiva
Full text linkThe essay is based on the basis that the development of a labor benefit largely conditions the living habits (and with it, and reflexively, the health) of working people. In this sense, it is based on the hypothesis that it is a para-labor factor that could be taken into account (from the broad concept of professional risk and by virtue of the generic obligation contained in article 14 LPRL) when carrying out the evaluation of occupational risks, aiming to promote and facilitate healthy lifestyle habits in the context of labor relations.
In this sense, collective bargaining plays a key role in promoting various aspects of the health and well-being of workers that are not always being managed correctly; Most of the time, at most, the agreed norm deals with ordering what is related to the annual medical examination (ex art. 22 LPRL), leaving content related to other possible health promotion actions devoid of content.
It is necessary to keep in mind that there are various measures that, whether the sectoral agreement or the company agreement, could be implemented to contribute to such a lofty objective: from facilitating workers to have a healthy diet (either with corporate canteens, or through collaboration with restaurants in the area where the work center is located), to promoting physical activity of workers in the work context (when the size of the company allows it, in the facilities themselves; when not, through other channels). imaginative), including encouraging the cessation of unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking or excessive consumption of alcohol and other narcotic substances.
Likewise, the work reflects on the undeniable benefits of the productive organization developing an adequate and effective mental health policy, highlighting here the technical productive context and the necessary consideration of the gender perspective.
Therefore, the benefits for both the worker and public health would be immense and, in the same way, the company would see its performance improved in the form of a healthier and more productive workforce and lower costs in the form of sick leave and reduced productivity.El trabajo parte de la base de que el desarrollo de una prestación laboral condiciona en buena medida los hábitos de vida (y con ello y de forma refleja, la salud) de las personas trabajadoras. En tal sentido, se parte de la hipótesis de que se trata de un factor paralaboral que podría tenerse en cuenta (desde el concepto amplio de riesgo profesional y en virtud de la obligación genérica contenida en el art. 14 LPRL) al realizar la evaluación de los riesgos laborales, apostando por fomentar y facilitar hábitos de vida saludables en el contexto de las relaciones laborales.
En este sentido, la negociación colectiva juega un papel clave para potenciar diversos aspectos de la salud y el bienestar de las personas trabajadoras que no siempre se están sabiendo encauzar de modo correcto; las más de las veces, a lo sumo, la norma paccionada se ocupa de ordenar lo relativo al reconocimiento médico anual (ex art. 22 LPRL), dejando ayuno de contenido lo relativo a otras posibles actuaciones de promoción de la salud.
Es menester parar mientes en que son variadas las medidas que --ya el convenio sectorial, ya el de empresa-- podrían implementar (pero, por desgracia, pocas veces lo hacen, como trasluce del discurso) para coadyuvar a tan alto objetivo: desde facilitar que las personas trabajadoras realicen una alimentación saludable (bien con comedores empresariales, bien mediante el concierto con restaurantes de la zona donde se ubique el centro de trabajo), hasta fomentar la actividad física de las personas trabajadoras en el contexto laboral (cuando el tamaño de la empresa lo permita, en las propias instalaciones; cuando no, a través de otros cauces más imaginativos), pasando por incentivar la deshabituación de conductas poco saludables, como el tabaquismo o el consumo excesivo de alcohol y otras sustancias estupefacientes.
Igualmente, el trabajo reflexiona sobre los innegables beneficios de que la organización productiva desarrollara una política adecuada y eficaz de salud mental, destacando aquí el contexto productivo tecnificado y la necesaria consideración de la perspectiva de género, algo que ya se empieza a vislumbrar en ciertas experiencias negociales.
Dese luego, los beneficios tanto para la persona trabajadora, como para la salud pública serían inmensos y, de igual forma, la empresa vería mejorado su desenvolvimiento en forma de una plantilla más saludable y productiva y menores costes en forma de bajas laborales y merma de la productividad
La compatibilidad entre el trabajo y las prestaciones por incapacidad permanente en sus grados de absoluta y gran incapacidad al hilo de las últimas reformas
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to observe the main issues raised in the Supreme Court Judgment of April 11, 2024 (Appeal 197/2023), which has raised the incompatibility between the receipt of income from work and the economic benefits for absolute permanent disability or severe disability recognized by the social protection system in Spain, are discussed. In this sense, there has been a real return to the original interpretation that was defended by the Supreme Court until 2008, characterized by admitting the compatibility between such benefits for permanent disability and the marginal, inconsequential or residual works, exclusively.El comentario pretende observar las principales cuestiones suscitadas a la luz de la Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 11 de abril de 2024 (Rec. 197/2023), la cual ha puesto de relieve la falta de compatibilidad entre la percepción de rentas que derivan del trabajo y las prestaciones económicas por incapacidad permanente absoluta o gran incapacidad que reconoce el sistema de protección social, en España. En este sentido, se ha producido un verdadero retorno hacia la interpretación primigenia que fue defendida por el TS hasta el año 2008, caracterizada por admitir la compatibilidad entre tales prestaciones por incapacidad permanente y el ejercicio de actividades laborales, exclusivamente, de naturaleza marginal, intrascendente o residual
Studing the potential of complex sugars as new proteasome inhibitors
No full textThe proteasome is the main cellular proteolytic complex responsible for degrading short-lived and damaged proteins. The proteasome is composed of a catalytic complex named 20S proteasome and a regulatory particle named 19S that provides substrate specificity. Proteasome function is critical for many different cellular processes such as cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, immune response etc. (Adams 2003) and consequently proteasome dysfunction is associated to several human diseases such as cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, during aging, there is a progressive decline in the activity of the proteasome which contributes to the accumulation of protein aggregates resulting in loss of cell and tissue fitness (Hegde 2023). Thus, the search for proteasome modulators is one of the current challenges in cancer, aging, and neurodegeneration therapies. Several proteasome inhibitors such as Bortezomib or Carfilzomib…, are currently used for the treatment of certain types of cancer However, these inhibitors frequently lead to drug resistance, which highlight the necessity for a continuous search for new proteasome inhibitors (Nunes 2017). In this context, the main motivation of this work is the search for new structure-based proteasome inhibitors. Complex sugars are macrocyclic oligosaccharides with truncated cone geometry (Díaz-Moscoso 2010) which show structural similarity with the catalytic 20S proteasome. In this work, we are testing the effect of several complex sugars, specifically designed to match proteasome structure as potential inhibitors of the proteasome. By using live cell microscopy, cell fitness assays and a combination of in vivo and in vitro techniques to measure proteasome activity we show that several variants of these complex sugars have inhibitory activity on the proteasome in vitro and in vivo. In view of the results, we are currently characterizing the cellular effects of this complex sugars that have shown inhibitory activity on the proteasome and also, we are testing the effect on proteasome activity of new and improved variants of these complex sugars
Isolation and characterization of thermophilic, sulfur-oxidyzing bacteria from agriculture soils.
Full text linkIn the soil, sulfur undergoes constant transformation through biochemical reactions resulting from interactions with organisms. This element is essential for all living beings, from prokaryotes to multicellular organisms (Paniagua & Garcia, 2022). Thermophilic bacteria play a crucial role in the mineralization of organic sulfur compounds, actively breaking down organic matter and generating inorganic nutrients of interest to microorganisms and plants, such as inorganic sulfur compounds. Additionally, they are of great importance due to their high persistence and enzymatic activity in warm environments (Gonzalez et al., 2023).
Bacterial isolates were obtained from soil samples from different regions of Spain. In this process, two culture media with different characteristics and pH levels were used: one nutrient-rich medium C (nutrient broth/agar) and two sulfur-oxidyzing bacteria selective media. The samples were incubated at 50ºC and 65ºC, resulting in a total collection of 294 thermophilic strains. To assess their sulfur-oxidizing capacity, sulfate determination was performed on all strains (Amala et al., 2020). The ten thermophilic strains that achieved the best results, with a sulfate concentration of approximately 300 mg/L, were selected and their 16S rRNA genes were PCR amplified, purified and sequenced to obtain their taxanomic identification.
In high-temperature agricultural regions, solarization is carried out to maximize soil temperature using solar energy. This is a common practice for pathogen control. This process can influence soil microbial dynamics, particularly thermophilic bacteria with sulfur-oxidizing capabilities. As the next phase of the project, the inhibitory capacity of the thermophilic isolates will be assayedagainst relevant phytopathogens will be evaluated.
The identification of strains with high sulfur-oxidizing activity opens the possibility of their application in sustainable agricultural practices, improving nutrient availability and potentially contributing to the biological control of phytopathogens. This study highlights the importance of exploring microbial diversity in soils managed with techniques such as solarization to develop integrated strategies that promote soil health and agricultural productivity
Characterising the role of palmitoylation in metastatic breast cancer.
Full text linkMotivation: Metastasis is the final stage and main cause of cancer-related deaths. In a study by Altea Manzano et al., they observed that increased dietary fat uptake can facilitate metastasis of the primary breast tumour in the lung. Primary breast cancer tumour cells can promote increased palmitate production in the lungs, creating a premetastatic niche that allows the colonisation and growth of tumour cells in the lung. This excess of palmitate can be used by tumour cells as an energy source or to activate oncogenic pathways. In this context, this study aims to characterise the role of palmitoylation in metastatic breast cancer. Protein S-palmitoylation is a reversible posttranslational modification where the fatty acid palmitate is attached to a specific cysteine residue in the target protein. Palmitoylation affects the localisation, trafficking, stability and activity of hundreds of proteins and is mediated by the ZDHHC family of proteins, while the depalmitoylation process is carried out by depalmitoylases. Proteins that are encoded by oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are palmitoylated and dysregulation of protein palmitoylation could be related to metastatic invasion.
Methods: We performed 3D in vitro cultures of mouse (4T1 and D2.A1) and human (HCC1428 and MCF10A-HRas) breast cancer cell lines to determine the role of palmitate in tumour spheroid growth. We also generated knockdown cell lines for a specific depalmitoylase to study how this modification affects the growth of 3D spheroids. We also tested a chemical inhibitor for the depalmitoylase enzyme to determine if the effect of the inhibition in the 3D spheroids growth is similar to the effect of the knockdown.
Results: Cell lines were cultured with different concentrations of palmitate and we observed that breast cancer spheroids showed an increase in 3D growth in the presence of 75 µM of palmitate. We also found that higher concentrations than 75 µM are no longer beneficial for 3D growth. We also tested D2.A1 3D growth upon depalmitoylation inhibition (knockdown and chemical inhibition). Notably, we found that inhibiting depalmitoylation prevents the growth advantage conferred by palmitate supplementation.
Conclusions: Palmitate promotes the growth of 3D tumour spheroids, and this effect is dependent on depalmitoylase enzymes. When depalmitoylases are inhibited, 3D spheroids are not able to grow using palmitate, which may be related to a reduced ability to form metastases
Computational analysis of a bacteriophage pangenome with multiple defense systems.
Full text linkMotivation: Antimicrobial resistance has been declared as one of the biggest threats to human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has described a list of pathogens for which the development of new treatments is essential. One of these pathogens is Acinetobacter baumannii, which is classified with "Priority 1" [1]. A. baumannii carries different antiviral defense systems. In our group, nearly 10,000 genomes of A. baumannii were analyzed and in half of them, a bacteriophage, DgiS1, appeared integrated downstream of the ssrA gene. In most cases, the phage presents defense systems which seems to antagonyze with the CRISPR-Cas system from another phage [2]. For this reason, we are characterizing the DgiS1 genome, with particular focus on its defense systems and genes, which will help to shed light on the constant warfare between bacteria and phages.
Methods: The pangenome of DgiS1 was created using Roary Version 3.13.0 [3], with protein-coding genes previously predicted by Prokka Version 1.14.6. Proteins were functionally annotated using Sma3s v2. To identify defense systems, DefenseFinder v2.0.0 software was used [4]. In order to represent the strains features of DgiS1, heatmaps were built with R programming language. AlphaFold3 and USAlign Version 20240510 were used to analyze the structural similarity.
Results: 2,199 genomes of DgiS1 were analyzed and they presented an average of 93 genes. The core genome was composed of 77 cluster genes while its accessory genome had 223 cluster genes. Due to differences in its accessory genome, strains were classified in six groups, based on the presence/absence of those genes. The annotation of the genome showed that core genes were phage genes and accessory genes were mostly defense genes. Furthermore, DefenseFinder identified an antitoxin belonging to a toxin-antitoxin system in five of these groups, while in the remaining one, another type of defense system was identified in the same region. The analysis of the closest proteins to the antitoxin and its sequential and structural comparison with other reference proteins suggested the presence of a potential toxin.
Conclusions: DgiS1 presents a core genome composed mainly of phage-annotated genes, while its accessory genome includes a diverse range of defense systems. Strains with different types of defense systems suggest an evolutionary pressure, likely resulting from the fight that happens against other bacteriophages and to guarantee its permanence in the host bacteria
