London Academic Publishing Ltd.: Arts & Humanities Journals
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The Representation of Music in the Novels of Chinua Achebe, Aminata Sow Fall and Zora Neale Hurston
No full textThis paper explores the multidimensional concept of musical representation in the African and African American novel with a focus on the works of Chinua Achebe, Aminata Sow Fall and Zora Neale Hurston. It analyzes how music conveys meaning both within and beyond linguistic frameworks. It contributes to the philosophical debates surrounding whether music can represent anything beyond its popular concept as means of entertainment. The study delves into the role of metaphors, symbols, gestures, and embodied cognition in musical understanding, arguing that listeners often credit narrative or emotive content to musical structures. Drawing on the examples of these prominent writers, the paper highlights how musical motifs can evoke movement, emotion, or narrative arcs without requiring textual elements. Finally, the paper concludes that music as a representational system operates through dynamic, non-verbal analogies to human experience; it challenges, to some extent, the notion that representation requires fixed semantic content
A comparative study to evaluate the clinical and biochemical efficacy of mannitol (10%) with glycerine (10%) versus mannitol (20%) in patients with mild to moderate head trauma
No full textTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and long-term disability globally, affecting individuals' physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being. TBI can result from various mechanisms such as blunt trauma or acceleration-deceleration forces, leading to neuronal damage and functional disruption. Diagnosis typically relies on neuroimaging techniques like CT and MRI. While treatment focuses on symptom management and rehabilitation, research into neuroprotective therapies and emerging interventions offers hope for better outcomes. Effective, personalised care remains essential in addressing the complex, multifaceted nature of TBI.Objective of the study: This study aimed to compare the clinical and biochemical efficacy of Mannitol (10%) with Glycerine (10%) versus Mannitol (20%) in patients with mild to moderate head injuries, focusing on intracranial pressure reduction, neurological improvement, electrolyte balance, and safety profiles.Material and method: A total of 100 adult patients with mild (GCS 13–15) to moderate (GCS 8–12) head injuries were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received Mannitol (10%) + Glycerine (10%), and Group B received Mannitol (20%). Both regimens showed comparable efficacy in reducing cerebral oedema and improving neurological status. However, the combination therapy demonstrated better preservation of serum sodium levels and fewer hemodynamic fluctuations.Conclusion: In our comparative prospective study, it can be concluded that the efficiency of 20% Mannitol and Mannitol (10%) with glycerine (10%) for the treatment of cerebral oedema in patients with mild to moderate head injury is almost equal
Narration in E.M. Forster's "A Passage to India"
No full textThe present paper explores E.M. Forster’s peculiar, yet elusive style in disclosing the racial and imperial thought embedded in the text and maintained by non-native people. Despite its ambivalent attitude towards the native, the novel’s discourse of benevolence and the rhetoric of the ‘mission civilisatrice’ could not hide the discourse of colonial domination. To unmask this view, Forster adopts a particular narratorial technique. Such an adoption, therefore, is to be explained through the study of the 'speech act' as one of the main angles to deal with narration in A Passage to India. Likewise, this paper attempts to study the ‘reporting act’ which requires analysing speech and thought representation in the novel
Determining Personal Falsity: A Gadamerian Critique of the Enlightenment
No full textThis paper attempts to develop a criterion for determining when one’s own opinion is incorrect. I first establish a Gadamerian critique of Enlightenment objectivism, and continue by stating that neither radical objectivism nor radical relativism is an applicable standard within epistemology. There must be both some valid and some invalid opinions. In dialogue with Georgia Warnke, the discussion of right and wrong perception is based on the minimums of immediate illegitimizing of certain prejudices: part-whole incongruity and dogmatic opinions.
Further, in conjunction with María Lugones’s theory of “world-travelling”, I state that one is unable to adequately dismiss an individual’s opinion on a phenomenon until they have “travelled” to the individual’s “world” and experienced the phenomenon through that individual’s personal epistemology. To get a proper and best-as-possible understanding of someone’s stance, especially a stance that opposes one’s own, one must address or interrogate the prejudices that are tied to the stance itself, and meaningfully investigating another person’s prejudices/perceptions requires travelling to their world. As this is incredibly difficult to do and requires high amounts of time and epistemic/hermeneutic labour, it becomes more efficient to be reflexive for only oneself than for others. I develop a criterion to determine such personal falsity, where, first, building off Vrinda Dalmiya and Linda Alcoff, one must determine either propositional/theoretical or practical/educational expertise in the individual with the opposing opinion to one’s own. An expert’s differing stance is merely a signal to continue with research into the relevant inquiry. One must maintain the belief that opinions necessitate their own change, and expertise does not always stem from those with the most prestige behind their name. Humility is the crucial factor in the opinion-changing process that stands as the fountainhead of good knowledge
Hybrid embolization and radiosurgery for glossopharyngeal glomus tumour: A successful case report
No full textIntroduction: Tumours of the glossopharyngeal nerve are extremely rare, posing a challenge in diagnosis and treatment. These tumours can cause a variety of neurological symptoms, including sore throat, numbness of the tongue, decreased sensitivity, and changes in taste, difficulty swallowing, and dizziness. Due to their rarity, there is no standardised treatment protocol, and the approach is often tailored to the individual patient.
Aim: To present a rare case of glomus tumour of the glossopharyngeal nerve, and that the hybrid method of embolisation and radiosurgery proved to be a successful treatment.
Case description: We present the case of a 31-year-old female patient who came to the Emergency Centre due to excruciating headaches, vomiting and loss of taste and tingling in the tongue. After a detailed neurological examination and MRI diagnostics, a glossopharyngeal nerve tumour was discovered in the jugular foramen region. Due to the tumour's proximity to vital structures, surgical resection would have been high-risk. Therefore, it was decided to apply a hybrid approach, combining embolisation and radiosurgery. MRI scans showed a decrease in the size of the tumour. The patient was monitored regularly, and the results remained stable.
Conclusion: Hybrid treatment with embolisation and radiosurgery represents an effective option for the treatment of rare tumours of the glossopharyngeal nerve. This combination allows for the reduction of symptoms, reduction of tumour size, and improvement in patients' quality of life. Further research is needed to determine the optimal treatment protocols for these rare tumours
Orbital schwannomas: About a case and review of the literature
No full textOrbital schwannomas are rare, benign neoplasms that develop from Schwann cells in the peripheral nerve sheath of the orbit. These slow-growing tumours are characterised by insidious proptosis, visual disturbances, diplopia, and occasionally pain. Following surgical resection, imaging modalities such as MRI and histopathological analysis are frequently used to make the diagnosis. The primary treatment modality remains surgical excision, with the goal of removing the tumour completely while preserving visual function and minimising postoperative complications. The prognosis for orbital schwannomas is favourable, with low recurrence rates after resection. However, long-term follow-up is required to detect any signs of recurrence or malignant transformation. More research is required to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis, optimal management strategies, and outcomes associated with orbital schwannomas, thus improving patient care and outcomes in this rare
Symptomatic cyst of the veli interpositi – to operate or not to operate?
No full textThe veli interpositi represents an embryologic membrane which form following fusion or superposition of two layers of pia mater (tela choroidea) of the third ventricle during embryologic development of the corpus callosum.1-3 This thus becomes a potential space which can harbour CSF. Kruse in 1930 first described dilatation of this potential space and defined such condition as “cavum veli interpositi”.1 A cavum veli interpositi (CVI) has also been called “cisterna interventricularis”, “ventriculi tertii”, “transverse fissure”, and “subtrigonal fissure”.1 This dilatation is a normal variant in the newborn which spontaneously closes by the end of the first year of life.3, 4 Only 2-3% persist beyond this period into adulthood.4 Pathologies involving this region varies, and might range from just a benign cystic dilatation of this space, to pathologies involving true cysts such as arachnoid and epidermoid cysts, and tumours such as meningiomas
Logical Connectives and Global Epistemological Skepticism
No full textIn Aristotle’s Metaphysics there is an interplay between metaphysics and metalogic in his attempt to undermine universal skepticism through the foundational laws of logic and, in particular, the law of non-contradiction. However, recently, the debate has shifted from logical laws to the ubiquitous elements of modern logic, namely, logical connectives. By drawing on Arthur Prior’s (in)famous “tonk” connective, Paul Boghossian contends that the issues arising from this type of connective transcend matters logical and, ominously, open the floodgates of radical skepticism. This discussion note is an examination of Boghossian’s attempt to delegitimize logical connectives of “tonk” ilk for the purpose of averting the calamity of global epistemological skepticism
A Philosophical Analogy Between Quantum Theory and Phenomenal Consciousness
No full textThis study outlines the core objective: to explore an analogical argument between quantum mechanics and phenomenal consciousness. The work proposes that phenomenal consciousness and quantum phenomena share structural features—such as observer-dependence, contextual emergence, and perspectival constitution—that justify the use of analogy not as metaphor, but as a philosophical method. It also critically examines the status, limits, and epistemic implications of analogical reasoning in this context
Yoruba Diaspora and the “Obaship” System: Maintaining Traditional Political Institutions in Northern Nigeria
No full textYoruba traditional political institutions have played a significant role in shaping governance and socio-cultural organisation in Northern Nigeria. The Yoruba monarch (Oba) in this region represents a symbol of cultural values, ethnic cohesion and political sagacity in a society with different historical, social and ethno-religious backgrounds. This study historicizes the Yoruba migration into Northern Nigeria as well as the emergence, structure, functions, significance and contemporary relevance of Yoruba monarchs (Obas) in the North, highlighting their roles as cultural custodians, mediators, and sources of authority. The study examines the adaptive strategies employed by Yoruba monarchs to navigate the complex socio-political landscape, characterised by ethnic pluralism and religious diversity, while maintaining a connection to their ancestral roots. It also addresses the challenges faced by these monarchies, such as the opposition of Southwest state governments, the impact of Western education, opposition of Yoruba Obas and groups in Southwest Nigeria, hostility from host communities, limited resources, absence of government support and policy, absence of legal backing, intra-ethnic clashes of interest and religious beliefs. By drawing upon historical analysis, ethnographic data, and contemporary accounts, this study aims to illuminate the pivotal role of Yoruba monarchs as both symbolic figures and active participants in the governance and cultural preservation of their communities. The study concludes that the Obaship Yoruba system in Northern Nigeria is a demonstration of cultural identity in a foreign land. Therefore, the study recommends that traditional political institutions and preservation of cultural values in diaspora should be strengthened and used as a means of conflict management, cultural diplomacy and peace-building in the host community