London Academic Publishing Ltd.: Arts & Humanities Journals
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Clinical and radiological assessment of diffuse axonal injury in traumatic brain injury patients: A retrospective study
No full textBackground: Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) is a severe form of traumatic brain injury (TBI), characterised by widespread damage to white matter tracts due to shearing forces. It is often associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially when diagnosis and management are delayed.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical, demographic, and radiological features of DAI patients and assess their treatment outcomes. Additionally, it investigates the correlation between MRI-based Adams Grading and prognosis using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 patients diagnosed with DAI and admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, SVP Hospital, Ahmedabad, from June 2022 to June 2024. Data collected included age, gender, mechanism of injury, initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, MRI findings (Adams Grade), treatment modalities, and GOS scores at discharge or follow-up.
Results: DAI was most commonly observed in young adults aged 11–30 years, with road traffic accidents being the leading cause. MRI demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared to CT. Adams Grading showed a strong correlation with clinical outcomes: higher grades (II and III) were associated with poorer GOS scores (1–3), while lower grades (I) had better outcomes (4–5). Early neurocritical care and timely imaging significantly influenced recovery.
Conclusion: DAI predominantly affects young individuals, primarily due to preventable trauma. MRI plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and prognostication. A multidisciplinary approach, including prompt neuro-intensive care and rehabilitation, is essential for improving outcomes in DAI patients
Management of Moyamoya disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis on surgical revascularization, outcomes and clinical manifestations
No full textBackground: Moyamoya disease (MDD), defined by a chronic, progressive stenosis of the terminal portion of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) on both sides, carries the anomalous vascular information network, which functions as a collateral pathway to the brain. The aim is to understand the management of moyamoya disease (MMD) in terms of the approaches and different types of arterial revascularisations (direct, indirect, and combined), regardless of the pathological mechanism of origin to be investigated.
Materials and methods: A review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The review focused on moyamoya disease, outcomes before and after revascularisation, and related treatment modalities (STA-MCA) in various databases, including ScienceDirect and PubMed/MEDLINE, using the PRISMA guidelines, R, and Excel. Only studies published in English up to August 2025 were included.
Results: Our systematic review included 4800 patients, comprising (N=2866, 60%), patients, (N=2024,42%), surgical interventions, and (N=2112,44%,), revascularisations. See Table 1. (N=1199, 25%), patients included (N=977, 20%), surgical approaches (N=615, 13%), and revascularisations.
Conclusion: This study has shown that moyamoya disease (MMD) is a vascular concern that, regardless of ethnicity, is very rare; cases have been reported in Europe and the United States, as well as in the Hispanic population, but none have been reported in African regions. Therefore, encountering this pathology cannot be ruled out, and one should be up-to-date on the types of revascularisations, whether STA-MCA, ACA-PCA
Totalitarian Future: The Case of Red China
No full textThe major point of this paper could be reduced to the following: Chinese totalitarianism merged Oriental despotism with Marxism and provides the framework for China’s global predominance. The article will follow a certain outline. First, it shows why Western observers could not understand China. Secondly, it shows how Oriental despotism enjoys a lot of “socialist” features and how Marxism was finally blended with Chinese tradition. Finally, the result of this blending would be elaborated upon
A narrative review in managing ICA aneurysms
No full textIntroduction: Internal carotid aneurysms are among the most common intracranial aneurysms, with nearly 20-25% of the ruptured aneurysms patients succumbing to death before reaching hospital. Most aneurysms are discovered in the context of an SAH, unruptured aneurysms can also be detected in patients presenting with other clinical symptoms or incidentally through neuroimaging.
Materials and methods: We searched Google and indexed articles with the keywords “ICA aneurysm management". We took 45 articles to identify epidemiology, diagnosis and management of these aneurysms. Both microscopic and endovascular treatments were taken into account.
Results: Clipped aneurysms had a relatively lower percentage of recurrences as compared to endovascular modality, while the incidence of peri-procedural complications was higher with clipping patients.
Conclusion: The volume of cases an institution handles influences the procedure's success. Endovascular management of ICA aneurysms has recently gained in numbers compared to open procedures
The Ideal of Bildung in the 20th Century: Crisis – Reconfiguration – Erosion?
No full textThe following article addresses a peculiar development, namely the abandonment of the concept of Bildung in Germany; the same state where it has been developed, discussed, and refined. This development can be traced back to the 1950s – despite humanistic Bildung also being under attack during National Socialism – and be ascribed to different dynamics which mutually reinforced each other. Therefore, this article will cover three key aspects regarding the reconstruction of the here hinted at dynamics: Firstly, it will further sketch out the peculiarity of this specific dynamic and further contextualize it historically. Secondly, it will identify Bildung’s main adversaries (the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory and the empirically-minded educational science) and illustrate their axiomatic presuppositions as well as their coming-into-being. Thirdly, the paper will elaborate on two positions (Reinhart Koselleck and Hans Georg Gadamer) which attempted to argue for the usefulness of the concept despite them ultimately failing, at least nationally. The paper will close with a reflection on key aspects and an informed speculation regarding Bildung’s future.
 
Blurring the Discourse of Truth In Post-Truth Dystopian World Order
No full textThe concept of a post-truth dystopian world order refers to our societal condition, where objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief. In a world where truth becomes malleable, blurred, or manipulated by powerful entities for control, propaganda, or political and economic advantage, hegemonic discourses of the post-truth agenda arise. This article seeks to highlight how the subjectivity of post-truth politics is slowly engulfing the cartography of the entire world. Furthermore, it examines the dominant role of post-truth ideology in contemporary world politics, where actual truths and facets of everyday life become permanently blurred under the rubric of false political narratives. Despite the bleakness of a post-truth dystopian world order, resistance and recovery are essential to acknowledging the metaphysics of real political subjects
Three decades of colloid cyst resection: A single-centre retrospective analysis of 59 cases (1990-2020)
No full textPurpose: To analyze 59 colloid cyst resections over 30 years at a single institution.
Methods: Retrospective review of electronic health records, including surgical approaches: transcortical (18), transcallosal (36), and endoscopic (5).
Results: Mean age at resection: 45.8 years. Cyst diameter: 4-27mm. Headache was the primary symptom (57.6%). Complications included memory deficits, infection, and neurological deficits; no mortality. Most cases were high-risk per Colloid Cyst Risk Score. Histology revealed pseudostratified epithelium (35%) and unique eosinophils. Craniotomy rate: 93%. Endoscopy had the highest reoperation rate; the transcallosal approach had more seizures and infections. Post-operative short-term memory issues: 40% (craniotomy), 50% (endoscopy).
Conclusions: Findings largely align with literature, with notable differences in headache prevalence, gender ratio, histology, and endoscopy outcomes.
This version reduces the word count by about 40% while retaining the essential information from each section. It maintains the structure and key points of the original abstract, allowing readers to quickly grasp the study's scope, methods, main findings, and conclusions
Carcinoma metastasis mimicking meningioma: Challenges and doubts
No full textThe scientific approach to dural metastases mimicking meningiomas holds significant relevance, as these cases pose considerable challenges to clinicians in routine practice. Differentiating between these two distinct pathologies is critical, particularly when conservative management is considered for patients diagnosed with non-surgical meningiomas. Misdiagnosis in such scenarios can lead to detrimental outcomes for the patient, underscoring the need for vigilant follow-up in cases exhibiting suspicious imaging patterns.
While biopsy could provide definitive diagnosis in uncertain cases, it is often avoided due to its inherent risks, especially in elderly patients and in cases where the meningiomas are located in surgically challenging regions. Consequently, most conservatively managed cases are presumed to be typical meningiomas, and invasive diagnostic measures are typically not pursued unless absolutely necessary [1].
However, carcinomas from various primary sites including the breast, prostate, gallbladder, larynx, and less commonly, Ewing’s sarcoma or melanoma can rarely present as dural metastases, especially in the parasagittal convexity [2,3,4]. These metastases can closely mimic meningiomas both clinically and radiologically. A study of 1,000 meningioma cases diagnosed between 2004 and 2010 revealed that 20 (2%) were ultimately found to mimic, with histological diagnoses including gliosarcoma, Rosai-Dorfman disease, hemangiopericytoma, osteosarcoma, medulloblastoma, adenocarcinoma, and nonseminomatous germ cell tumours [5].
Among these, adenocarcinomas are the most common metastatic tumours mimicking meningiomas. These lesions, like meningiomas, exhibit attachment to the dura, a dural tail, and contrast enhancement [6]. Such imaging characteristics can make distinguishing metastatic tumors from meningiomas exceedingly difficult using standard neuroimaging techniques [7,8]. Even intraoperatively, dural metastases can appear identical to meningiomas, complicating diagnosis further [4]. Both conditions may share features such as a solid structure, limited diffusion of water molecules, extensive peritumoral edema, and similar contrast enhancement patterns [9].
The pathways for metastatic spread include arterial and venous routes, particularly via Batson’s venous plexus [10]. Cases of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination have not been described.
This report describes three cases of dural metastases mimicking meningiomas, with locations including the temporal region, the cavernous sinus, and the cervicothoracic dura
Calcified chronic subdural hematoma with subacute presentation: A case report
No full textChronic subdural hematomas are a very common disease occurring spontaneously, following trauma, ventriculoperitoneal shunt and postcranial surgeries, with an incidence of 1.72-20.6 per 100,000 persons per year. But sometimes calcification may occur over the outer layer of membrane or within the collection, which may occur from 6 months to many years [1]. The exact aetiology and pathogenesis of calcification remains unknown; it was first reported by a Bohemian pathologist carl von Rokitansky, in 1884[2]. Due to its appearance sometimes, it’s calledan armoured brain [3] or matryoshka head after Russian nesting dolls [4]. Though limited cases have been reported majority of cases are asymptomatic, and surgical management is advocated for those having mass effect or neurological deficit. Inan article published in 2020 by Turgut et al total of 114 cases have been reported [5]. The total incidence of calcification in chronic subdural hematoma is about 02-2.7% [6]. We report a case that presented with a neurological deficit and was treated surgically with craniectomy and complete excision
Paediatric intradural cerebellopontine angle chordoma mimicking meningioma
No full textChordomas are rare, notochord-derived neoplasms, most commonly affecting the sacrum and clivus, and exceedingly rare in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), especially in children. This report describes a 10-year-old male presenting with hearing loss, giddiness, vomiting, and left-sided facial palsy, who was found to have a CPA chordoma that was SMARCB1-deficient, confirmed via histopathology. The clinical presentation and management are discussed, along with a review of the scant global literature