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Analisis Bibliometrik Tren dan Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Akuakultur 2015-2025
Get PDFAkuakultur berkelanjutan merupakan aspek penting dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan dan konservasi ekosistem laut di tengah tantangan perubahan iklim dan pertumbuhan ekonomi global. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan bibliometrik untuk menganalisis tren publikasi, jaringan konseptual, pola kolaborasi global, dan implikasi kebijakan dalam akuakultur berkelanjutan selama periode 2015–2025 dengan menganalisis 345 dokumen penelitian. Data diperoleh dari basis data Scopus dan dianalisis menggunakan VOSviewer dan OpenRefine. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan jumlah publikasi dengan dominasi negara maju serta kemunculan kata kunci utama seperti “sustainability”, “climate change”, dan “blue economy”. Analisis jaringan konseptual mengidentifikasi tujuh klaster tematik utama yang mencakup adaptasi iklim, konservasi ekosistem, ekonomi biru, sosial-ekologi, dan tata kelola kebijakan. Studi ini menegaskan perlunya integrasi multidimensi dalam kebijakan akuakultur berkelanjutan untuk mengoptimalkan manfaat ekonomi sekaligus menjaga kelestarian lingkungan dan kesejahteraan sosial. Rekomendasi strategis meliputi penguatan kolaborasi internasional, pengembangan teknologi adaptif, dan pemberdayaan komunitas lokal guna mendukung implementasi Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Rekomendasi ini memberi manfaat bagi pemerintah dalam perumusan kebijakan berbasis bukti, pelaku industri akuakultur dalam adopsi praktik berkelanjutan, serta peneliti dalam identifikasi kesenjangan penelitian dan arah riset masa depan.Sustainable aquaculture is a crucial aspect in supporting food security and marine ecosystem conservation amidst the challenges of climate change and global economic growth. This study employs a bibliometric approach to analyze publication trends, conceptual networks, global collaboration patterns, and policy implications in sustainable aquaculture from 2015 to 2025 by examining 345 research documents. Data were obtained from the Scopus database and analyzed using VOSviewer and OpenRefine. The results show a significant increase in publication numbers, dominated by developed countries, along with the emergence of key keywords such as 'sustainability,' 'climate change,' and 'blue economy.' The conceptual network analysis identified seven major thematic klasters, including climate adaptation, ecosystem conservation, blue economy, socio-ecology, and policy governance. This study affirms the need for multidimensional integration in sustainable aquaculture policies to optimize economic benefits while preserving environmental sustainability and social welfare. Strategic recommendations include strengthening international collaboration, developing adaptive technologies, and empowering local communities to support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These recommendations benefit governments in evidence-based policymaking, aquaculture industry players in adopting sustainable practices, and researchers in identifying knowledge gaps and future research directions
MANGROVE HEALTH INDEKS IN SEGARAJAYA VILLAGE TARUMAJAYA DISTRICT BEKASI REGENCY, WEST JAVA
Get PDFMangrove forests are types of vegetation that grow under the influence of the rising and falling sea water. They play a crucial role ecologically, physically, and economically. However, without proper management, this ecosystem is at risk of harm. In Segarajaya Village, Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency, West Java, mangrove forests are threatened by human activities, such as clearing land for fish farming without preserving mangrove vegetation, along with pollution from plastic and household waste. This study aimed to assess the health of mangroves based on two aspects: (1) MHI parameters, which include canopy cover, individual density, and stem diameter; and (2) environmental parameters, which consist of salinity, water and air temperature, soil pH, and substrate type. The method employed is the Mangrove Health Index (MHI), which involves calculating the parameters of canopy cover, stake density, and average stem diameter at breast height, along with environmental parameters (salinity, water and air temperature, soil pH, and substrate) conducted from February 25 to April 20, 2025. The observation site was divided into three stations. Station 1 had the species Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia marina, and Sonneratia caseolaris. Station 2 was populated with Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Sonneratia caseolaris, while Station 3 only contained Avicennia marina. The MHI value calculations indicated that the mangrove forest's condition falls into the moderate category, with an average MHI value of 61.78%. Station 1 recorded 62.69%, Station 2 61.63%, and Station 3 61.02%. The average values of environmental parameters were a salinity of 30.44‰, water temperature of 27.94°C, air temperature of 30.89°C, soil pH of 7.33, and substrates consisting of sandy clay and mud. This study aims to inform readers about the health conditions of mangroves and serve as a foundation for managing and protecting mangrove forests
WASTE MANAGEMENT ON FISHING VASSELS BASED AT BITUNG OCEANIC FISHING PORT
Get PDFFisheries activities at the Bitung Ocean Fishing Port (PPS) have the potential to cause pollution, particularly due to waste generated by fishing vessels. Waste generated on board is categorized into two types: organic and inorganic waste. Information on waste management aboard fishing vessels based at PPS Bitung is minimal and very limited. The aims is to study waste management aboard these vessels and analyze waste management strategies. The research was conducted from August to November 2024 at PPS Bitung. Data were collected using survey methods and interviews with respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using survey methods and interviews with respondents selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis used descriptive methods with a qualitative approach, and waste management strategies were analysed using SWOT analysis. The results showed that the categories of waste generated by fishing vessels include wet waste (food), which is directly dumped into the sea, and dry waste such as plastic, bottles, cloth, glass, and metal, which are collected first. Dry waste management is carried out in two ways, namely without sorting and with sorting. The waste management strategy on board fishing vessels in PPS Bitung is designed to increase environmental awareness and waste management efficiency through an integrated approach. The combination of education, regulation and partnership provides a comprehensive solution to minimize the environmental impact of waste and increase the active participation of crew members in waste management. Consistent implementation of this strategy can serve as a model for sustainable waste management in the fisheries sector.
EFFICACY OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF AMBON BANANA MIDRIB SIMPLICIA TO ENHANCE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE, IMMUNITY, AND SURVIVAL OF CATFISH CHALLENGED WITH Edwardsiella tarda
Get PDFCatfish (Clarias sp.) is a significant aquaculture species, but its production is often limited by Edwardsiella tarda infections, which cause substantial losses. Plant-derived alternatives such as banana midrib simplicia offer promising solutions to enhance fish health and reduce antibiotic dependence. This study investigated the effects of Ambon banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) midrib simplicia on growth performance, hematological parameters, immune responses, and resistance to E. tarda infection in catfish. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments and three replications, consisting of a positive control, a negative control, and commercial feed supplemented with 2% (B2), 3% (B3), and 4% (B4) banana midrib simplicia. The feeding trial lasted 30 days, after which fish were intramuscularly injected with E. tarda (10⁷ CFU mL⁻¹). Growth performance, hematological indicators (red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and white blood cell count), immune responses (phagocytic and respiratory burst activities), and survival rate were evaluated. Dietary supplementation with banana midrib simplicia significantly improved growth performance, hematological parameters, immune responses, and survival in catfish challenged with E. tarda compared to the control groups. The optimal supplementation dose was 3%, providing the most significant improvement in growth, immunity, and survival. These findings highlight the potential of banana midrib as a functional feed additive derived from agricultural by-products to promote fish health and aquaculture productivity. Ikan lele (Clarias sp.) merupakan salah satu komoditas penting dalam akuakultur, namun produksinya sering terkendala oleh infeksi Edwardsiella tarda yang menyebabkan kerugian signifikan. Alternatif berbasis tanaman seperti simplisia pelepah pisang menawarkan solusi potensial untuk meningkatkan kesehatan ikan dan mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap antibiotik. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh simplisia pelepah pisang Ambon (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan, parameter hematologis, respons imun, dan ketahanan terhadap infeksi E. tarda pada ikan lele. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, terdiri atas kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, serta pakan komersial yang disuplementasi simplisia pelepah pisang pada dosis 2% (B2), 3% (B3), dan 4% (B4). Uji pemberian pakan dilakukan selama 30 hari, kemudian ikan diinjeksi intramuskular dengan E. tarda (10⁷ CFU mL⁻¹). Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan, indikator hematologis (jumlah eritrosit, konsentrasi hemoglobin, hematokrit, dan jumlah leukosit), respons imun (aktivitas fagositosis dan respiratory burst), serta tingkat kelangsungan hidup. Suplementasi pakan dengan simplisia pelepah pisang secara signifikan meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan, parameter hematologis, respons imun, dan kelangsungan hidup ikan lele yang diinfeksi E. tarda dibanding kelompok kontrol. Dosis optimal diperoleh pada suplementasi 3%, yang memberikan peningkatan terbesar pada pertumbuhan, imunitas, dan kelangsungan hidup. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa simplisia pelepah pisang memiliki potensi sebagai aditif pakan fungsional berbasis limbah pertanian untuk meningkatkan kesehatan ikan dan produktivitas akuakultur
MANAJEMEN BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME BERKELANJUTAN BERBASIS PENDEKATAN SOSIAL, EKONOMI, EKOLOGI, INSTITUSI, DAN TEKNOLOGI: STUDI KASUS DI UJUNG GENTENG, SUKABUMI
Get PDFKeberlanjutan pengelolaan akuakultur merupakan aspek krusial untuk memastikan produktivitas jangka panjang dan kesehatan lingkungan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi status keberlanjutan budidaya udang vaname (Penaeus vannamei) di kawasan Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi, melalui pendekatan multidimensi yang mencakup dimensi sosial, ekonomi, ekologi, institusional, dan teknologi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH) berbasis pendekatan multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) yang dimodifikasi untuk memasukkan dimensi teknologi serta validasi melalui ulangan Monte Carlo sebanyak 25 kali. Hasil menunjukkan dimensi teknologi memperoleh skor tertinggi (77,325), mengindikasikan "sangat berkelanjutan", sementara dimensi lainnya, termasuk sosial (59,237), ekonomi (68,236), ekologi (61,856), dan institusional (60,215), dikategorikan sebagai "cukup berkelanjutan". Dimensi sosial, ekonomi, ekologi, dan institusional memiliki atribut sensitif, berpotensi meningkatkan status keberlanjutan dari cukup berkelanjutan menjadi berkelanjutan hingga sangat berkelanjutan, yang meliputi semangat gotong royong dan hubungan dengan pemerintah (sosial), tujuan pemasaran dan penyerapan tenaga kerja (ekonomi), tingkat pemanfaatan lahan dan kualitas air tambak (ekologi) serta skala usaha dan kemitraan kelembagaan (institusional). Penekanan juga diberikan pada integrasi teknologi canggih seperti sistem nanobubble, pemberi pakan otomatis, energi surya, dan pemantauan real-time berbasis IoT. Inovasi-inovasi ini menunjukkan potensi signifikan dalam meningkatkan kadar oksigen terlarut, efisiensi pakan serta pengurangan biaya operasional, yang berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan udang yang lebih baik dan penurunan tingkat kematian. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan holistik yang mengombinasikan kemajuan teknologi, keterlibatan komunitas, dan dukungan institusional untuk mencapai praktik akuakultur yang berkelanjutan. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian mendatang mencakup pengujian aplikasi yang lebih luas di berbagai lingkungan akuakultur serta pengembangan teknologi adaptif untuk menghadapi tantangan yang muncul di sektor budidaya udang.Sustainability in aquaculture management is essential to ensure long-term productivity and environmental health. This study evaluates the sustainability status of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farming in Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi, using a multidimensional approach covering social, economic, ecological, institutional, and technological dimensions. The Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH) method, based on multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and modified to include technology, was applied with 25 Monte Carlo iterations for validation. Results indicate that the technological dimension achieved the highest score (77.325), categorized as “highly sustainable”, while other dimensions, including social (59.237), economic (68.236), ecological (61.856), and institutional (60.215), were considered “moderately sustainable”. Sensitive attributes in social, economic, ecological, and institutional dimensions have the potential to improve sustainability status from moderately sustainable become sustainable to highly sustainable, including community cooperation and government relations (social), market orientation and employment absorption (economic), land use intensity and pond water quality (ecological), as well as business scale and institutional partnerships (institutional). The study highlights the role of advanced technologies such as nanobubble systems, automatic feeders, solar energy, and IoT-based real-time monitoring. These innovations can enhance dissolved oxygen levels, improve feed efficiency, reduce operational costs, and ultimately support better shrimp growth and lower mortality rates. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach combining technological innovation, community involvement, and institutional support to achieve sustainable aquaculture. Future research is recommended to expand applications across diverse aquaculture environments and to develop adaptive technologies for emerging challenges in shrimp farming
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN EKSPRESI PROTEIN TOTAL ENZIM SELULASE REKOMBINAN SERTA POTENSI APLIKASINYA PADA PAKAN IKAN
Get PDFMeskipun enzim selulase rekombinan banyak dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemecahan serat, informasi mengenai bagaimana modifikasi seperti mutasi dan penambahan tag SKIK (Ser-Lys-Ile-Lys) dapat memengaruhi aktivitas enzim dan produksi protein total masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh mutasi dan penambahan tag SKIK terhadap aktivitas dan protein total enzim selulase rekombinan yang diproduksi oleh Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu P1= wild type (WT), P2 = WT + SKIK, P3 = mutan, dan P4 = mutan + SKIK, masing-masing dengan empat ulangan. Produksi enzim dilakukan melalui kultur E. coli rekombinan yang membawa plasmid pET-22b-CellE dengan induksi laktosa monohidrat, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji aktivitas selulase metode 3,5-dinitrosalisilat (DNS) dan pengukuran protein total dengan metode Bradford. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah dan uji lanjut Duncan pada tingkat signifikansi 5% (p < 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan mutan + SKIK menghasilkan nilai tertinggi baik pada aktivitas enzim (10,66 U mL-1) maupun protein total (0,85 mg mL-1). Penambahan SKIK meningkatkan ekspresi dan kelarutan protein, sedangkan mutasi memperbaiki efisiensi katalitik enzim. Kombinasi keduanya memberikan efek sinergis dalam meningkatkan perfoma enzim selulase rekombinan. Penelitian ini merupakan yang pertama mengombinasikan penambahan tag SKIK dengan mutagenesis untuk meningkatkan ekspresi dan aktivitas katalitik enzim selulase pada E. coli. Temuan ini tidak hanya relevan untuk peningkatan produksi enzim pada industri bioteknologi, tetapi juga berpotensi diaplikasikan dalam formulasi pakan ikan. Although recombinant cellulase enzymes have been widely developed to enhance fiber-degradation efficiency, information regarding how modifications such as mutagenesis and the addition of the SKIK (Ser-Lys-Ile-Lys) tag influence enzymatic activity and total protein production remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of mutagenesis and SKIK tagging on the activity and total protein yield of recombinant cellulase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments: P1 = wild type (WT), P2 = WT + SKIK, P3 = mutant, and P4 = mutant + SKIK, each consisting of four replications. Enzyme production was carried out using recombinant E. coli harboring the pET-22b-CellE plasmid induced with lactose monohydrate, and the resulting enzyme was analyzed for cellulase activity using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method and total protein concentration using the Bradford assay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post-hoc test at a 5% significance level (p < 0.05). The results showed that the mutant + SKIK treatment produced the highest values for both enzymatic activity (10.66 U mL-1) and total protein (0.85 mg mL-1). The addition of the SKIK tag enhanced protein expression and solubility, whereas mutagenesis improved catalytic efficiency. The combination of both modifications produced a synergistic effect, resulting in superior performance of the recombinant cellulase enzyme. This study is the first to combine SKIK tagging with mutagenesis to enhance the expression and catalytic activity of cellulase in E. coli. These findings are not only relevant for improving enzyme production in biotechnology industries but also hold potential applications in fish feed formulation
EFFECTS OF SPINACH (Amaranthus sp.) EXTRACT SUPPLEMENTATION ON MOLTING DURATION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MUD CRABS (Scylla sp.) REARED IN CRAB APARTMENT SYSTEMS
Get PDFThis study investigates the effects of dietary supplementation of spinach (Amaranthus sp.) extract, rich in phytoecdysteroids, on the molting process and physiological parameters of mud crabs (Scylla sp.) cultivated in crab apartment boxes integrated with a recirculating aquaculture system. This experiment was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four different doses of spinach extract as treatments (0, 300, 700, and 1000 ng g-1 of crab) and three replications. Some parameters measured were molting duration, hormone levels, including ecdysteroid and molt inhibiting hormone (MIH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and water quality. The results showed that higher doses of spinach extract significantly shortened the molting duration (p < 0.05), with the fastest molting observed at 1000 ng g-1 (11.83 ± 1.26 days). Increased spinach extract doses also significantly affected MIH and ROS levels. Specifically, MIH levels increased from 12.05 ng mL-1 in the control to 20.88 ng mL-1 in treatment D, while ROS levels rose from 116.80 to 147.33 µmol mL-1. Overall, the administration of phytoecdysteroids from spinach presents a promising, eco-friendly approach to enhance soft-shell crab production efficiency, although careful dose optimization is necessary to balance production acceleration with animal welfare.Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh suplementasi pakan dengan ekstrak bayam (Amaranthus sp.) yang kaya akan fitoekdisteroid terhadap proses molting dan parameter fisiologis kepiting bakau (Scylla sp.) yang dibudidayakan dalam kotak apartemen kepiting terintegrasi dengan sistem akuakultur resirkulasi. Percobaan ini dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat dosis ekstrak bayam sebagai perlakuan (0, 300, 700, dan 1000 ng g⁻¹ kepiting) dan tiga ulangan. Beberapa parameter yang diukur meliputi durasi molting, kadar hormon termasuk ekdisteroid dan molt inhibiting hormone (MIH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), serta kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dosis ekstrak bayam secara signifikan memperpendek durasi molting (p < 0,05), dengan waktu molting tercepat pada dosis 1,000 ng g⁻¹ (11,83 ± 1,26 hari). Peningkatan dosis ekstrak bayam juga berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar MIH dan ROS. Secara khusus, kadar MIH meningkat dari 12,05 ng mL⁻¹ pada kontrol menjadi 20,88 ng mL⁻¹ pada perlakuan D, sedangkan kadar ROS naik dari 116,80 menjadi 147,33 µmol mL⁻¹. Secara keseluruhan, pemberian fitoekdisteroid dari bayam menunjukkan potensi sebagai pendekatan ramah lingkungan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi produksi kepiting cangkang lunak, meskipun demikian optimasi dosis tetap diperlukan agar tercapai keseimbangan antara percepatan produksi dan kesejahteraan hewan
EFFECT OF NEGATIVE REDOX POTENTIAL OF DRY SEDIMENT ON THE INFECTIVITY OF Vibrio parahaemolyticus, GROWTH AND HEALTH STATUS OF PACIFIC WHITELEG SHRIMP
Get PDFSediment serves as a site for the accumulation of aquaculture waste. Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) is an index indicating anaerobic conditions. A combination of host, pathogen, and suboptimal environmental quality can lead to disease outbreaks. One such disease is Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND), caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This study was aimed to analyse the impact of sediment drying on infectivity of V. parahaemolyticus growth and health status of Pacific whiteleg shrimp. The sediment ORP used at the initial study was -37 mV. The sediment was dried for 120 hours at a temperature of 40.75 ± 2.73 °C. A total of 15 shrimp/aquarium with an average body weight of 2.35±0.22 g/individual were reared in aquarium sized 20x25x30 cm3 containing dried and undried sediment for 120 hours, then contaminated with 105 CFU/mL V. parahaemolyticus through immersion from the start of rearing until 20 days later. The results showed that sediment drying was able to reduce bacterial abundance and increase ORP sediment. The longer duration of cultivation, the more the sediment ORP decreased. Sediment ORP decreased with increasing shrimp farming duration. The highest bacterial abundance in the sediment on thrid phase of study was observed in the positive control treatment on D+10 ((2.02±0.39)x104 CFU/g), then it decreased until the end. Meanwhile, bacterial abundance in water and hepatopancreas decreased until the end of the study. Survival rates, immune responses, and growth parameters of shrimp with sediment drying were higher than the positive control (p<0.05) but not significantly different from the negative control. The histopathology of shrimp hepatopancreas profile in the sediment drying treatment was better compared to the positive control
RESPONS IMUN UDANG VANAME PADA SISTEM BIOFLOK DENGAN KEPADATAN BERBEDA TERHADAP INFEKSI Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Get PDFBudidaya udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) pada kepadatan tinggi meningkatkan stres dan risiko infeksi bakteri, khususnya Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Teknologi bioflok (BFT) melalui penambahan karbon organik dapat meningkatkan biomassa mikroba heterotrof yang memperbaiki respons imun dan menurunkan virulensi bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis respons imun dan resistansi udang yang dipelihara dengan padat tebar berbeda dalam sistem bioflok terhadap infeksi V. parahaemolyticus. Udang (0,44±0,02 g) dipelihara selama 7 hari sebanyak 16 perlakuan hasil kombinasi sistem bioflok dan kontrol (tanpa bioflok) dengan kepadatan 4, 8, 12, dan 16 ekor L-¹, lalu diuji tantang melalui perendaman dengan dosis V. parahaemolyticus 10u CFU mL-¹ dimulai sejak awal perlakuan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sistem bioflok meningkatkan parameter imun udang, termasuk total hemocyte count (THC), aktivitas fagositik (AF), respiratory burst (RB), dan aktivitas phenoloxidase (PO) secara signifikan (P<0,05) dibandingkan kontrol. Kelimpahan V. parahaemolyticus di air dan tubuh udang perlakuan bioflok lebih rendah dan berbeda signifikan (P<0,05) dengan kontrol positif. Bioflok juga meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup, dengan nilai pada kepadatan 4 ekor L-¹ (83,33±5,77%), dan tetap lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol hingga kepadatan 16 ekor L-¹. Sistem bioflok terbukti efektif meningkatkan respons imun, menekan infeksi V. parahaemolyticus, dan mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup udang vaname pada kepadatan tinggi
MIGRATION OF PENJA (AMPHIDROMOUS GOBY)
Get PDFPenja fish belong to the group of goby fish that migrate amphidromously and consist of various species with varying migration periods. In their life cycle, some species experience changes in shape (metamorphosis) and changes in body color caused by changes in habitat and eating habits, namely from planktivore when they are at sea turning into herbivore and becoming benthic organisms when in rivers. The time period of penja fish migration has a correlation with the occurrence of a new moon phase accompanied by rain. The silting of the river and development in the river area without a fish migration route will cut off the migration path for the amphidromous goby species, in addition, the phenomenon of drought in every dry season also threatens the existence of freshwater ichthyofauna