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Reşit olmayanla cinsel ilişki suçu
Full text linkGeçmişten günümüze ayrıca dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde çocukların haklarının korunması, çocukların istismara uğramaması ve sömürülmemesi adına birçok mücadele verilmiş ve verilmeye devam edilmektedir. Rıza olmaksızın yapılan her türlü cinsel eylemin cezalandırılması, yalnızca ülkemizde değil, uluslararası boyutta da önemli bir konu haline gelerek birçok düzenlemeye sebep olmuştur. Türk Ceza Kanunu'nun104.maddesinde reşit olmayanla cinsel ilişki suçu düzenlenmiştir. İlgili suç tartışmalı birçok hususu içinde barındırmaktadır. 5237 Sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu yürürlüğe girdiği andan itibaren; mağdurun yaşı, cinsiyeti ile failin yaşı ve cinsiyeti oldukça tartışma konusu olmuştur. Öğretide ilgili suçun varlığı dahi tartışılmaktadır. Ülkemizde bu doğrultuda verilen kararlar, göz önünde tutulduğunda suçun koruduğu hukuki değerin yeteri kadar irdelenmediğini söylemek yerinde olacaktır. Genel kapsamda değerlendirmelerin ardından, verilen cezaların esas amaca uygunluğu tartışılabilir. Suça ilişkin temel kavramların daha detaylı olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiği düşüncesindeyiz. Bu değerlendirmenin uluslararası düzenlemeler kapsamında incelenmesi, tartışmalı hususların çözüme kavuşturulması için oldukça önemlidir.From past to present, many struggles have been waged and continue to be waged in different regions of the world in order to protect the rights of children, to prevent children from being abused and exploited. The punishment of all kinds of sexual acts performed without consent has become an important issue not only in our country, but also internationally, and there are many regulations. The crime of sexual intercourse with a child is regulated in Article 104 of our Turkish Penal Code. Therelated crimecontainsmany controversialissues. Since the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237 came into force, the age, gender of the victim, the age and gender of the perpetrator have been the subject of considerable debate. Even the existence of the related crime is discussed in the teaching. Considering the decisions made in this direction in our country, it is clear that the legal value protected by the crime has not been sufficiently examined. After more general evaluations, the suitability of the punishments given for the main purpose can be discussed. The basic concepts related to crime need to be evaluated in more detail. The examination of this assessment within the scope of international regulations is very important for the resolution of controversial issues
Impact of Calcium Lactate Concentration and Holding Time on Caviar-like Chicken Broth Hydrogel Beads
No full textThis study is the first to encapsulate chicken broth into caviar-like hydrogel beads (CBHBs) using ionic gelation, aiming to explore their potential in molecular gastronomy and functional food design. The effects of calcium lactate concentration (1%, 2.5%, and 5%) and post-gelation holding time (0, 30, and 60 min) on the physicochemical, morphological, mechanical, and sensory properties of chicken broth hydrogel beads were evaluated. The beads were produced by dropping a 1% sodium alginate–chicken broth mixture into calcium lactate solutions, followed by analysis of diameter, bulk density, pH, color, shape, texture, and consumer acceptance. Results revealed that higher calcium concentrations and extended holding times significantly decreased bead diameter and increased bulk density and hardness, indicating denser and more compact structures. Morphologically, increased calcium levels resulted in irregular, droplet-like shapes, with reduced sphericity. Instrumental color analysis showed higher a*, b*, and chroma values at higher calcium levels. Sensory evaluations demonstrated that samples with lower calcium concentrations and no post-gelation holding were significantly preferred by panelists in terms of softness and overall liking. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing calcium concentration and holding time in the design of alginate-based hydrogel beads and suggest that CBHBs have potential applications in molecular gastronomy and functional food product development
Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of Older Adult Earthquake Survivors in Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Interview-Based Study
Full text linkObjective Due to frailty, chronic health issues, limited mobility, dependence on assistive devices, and polypharmacy, the geriatric population is more susceptible to the adverse effects of earthquakes. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the quality of life of older adults who experienced the Kahramanmara & scedil;-centered earthquakes in T & uuml;rkiye on February 6, 2023.Methods This cross-sectional interview-based study was conducted with 340 older adults who experienced the earthquakes on February 6, 2023, and visited outpatient departments in Gaziantep. Data were gathered using a demographic form, Modified Fried Frailty Index, and WHO Quality of Life Instrument for Older Adults.Results Participants' average age was 71.37 +/- 6.56 years, and 56.6% were women. Among them, 20.9% lost a first-degree relative, 15.3% were injured, and 45.3% were displaced. WHOQOL-OLD scores differed significantly by age, marital status, education, chronic illness, polypharmacy, living arrangements, and frailty.Conclusions This study highlights the factors influencing the quality of life of older adults in T & uuml;rkiye after an earthquake. Living with a spouse and having primary or secondary education improved quality of life, while chronic illnesses and displacement had negative impacts. These findings emphasize the importance of considering the specific needs of older adults in disaster preparedness and response
S-primal ideals over commutative rings
No full textLet R be a commutative ring with unity (1=0) and let S be a multiplicative subset of R with 1 S. Let S0 = S\{0}. In this paper we introduce the concept of S-primal ideal which is different from primal ideal. Let I be a proper ideal of R disjoint with S0 (i.e. I S0 = θ). An element a R is defined to be S-prime to I, if for any r R with ra I, then there exists s S0 such that sr I. An element a R is not S-prime to I if there exists r R with ar I, such that ϵ I for all s S0. We denote by νS(I) the set of all elements in R that are not S-prime to I. We define a proper ideal I of R to be S-primal, if the set νS(I) forms an ideal of R. Many results and examples concerning S-primal ideals are given. © 2026 World Scientific Publishing Company
Time-Based Fire Resistance Performance of Axially Loaded, Circular, Long CFST Columns: Developing Analytical Design Models Using ANN and GEP Techniques
Full text linkConcrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns are composite structural elements preferred in various engineering structures due to their superior properties compared to those of traditional structural elements. However, fire resistance analyses are complex due to CFST columns consisting of two components with different thermal and mechanical properties. Significant challenges arise because current design codes and guidelines do not provide clear guidance for determining the time-dependent fire performance of these composite elements. This study aimed to address the existing design gap by investigating the fire behavior of circular long CFST columns under axial compressive load and developing robust, accurate, and reliable design models to predict their fire performance. To this end, an up-to-date database consisting of 62 data-points obtained from experimental studies involving variable material properties, dimensions, and load ratios was created. Analytical design models were meticulously developed using two advanced soft computing techniques: artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic expression programming (GEP). The model inputs were determined as six main independent parameters: steel tube diameter (D), wall thickness (ts), concrete compressive strength (fc), steel yield strength (fsy), the slenderness ratio (L/D), and the load ratio (mu). The performance of the developed models was comprehensively compared with experimental data and existing design models. While existing design formulas could not predict time-based fire performance, the developed models demonstrated superior prediction accuracy. The GEP-based model performed well with an R-squared value of 0.937, while the ANN-based model achieved the highest prediction performance with an R-squared value of 0.972. Furthermore, the ANN model demonstrated its excellent prediction capability with a minimal mean absolute percentage error (MAPE = 4.41). Based on the nRMSE classification, the GEP-based model proved to be in the good performance category with an nRMSE value of 0.15, whereas the ANN model was in the excellent performance category with a value of 0.10. Fitness function (f) and performance index (PI) values were used to assess the models' accuracy; the ANN (f = 1.13; PI = 0.05) and GEP (f = 1.19; PI = 0.08) models demonstrated statistical reliability by offering values appropriate for the expected targets (f approximate to 1; PI approximate to 0). Consequently, it was concluded that these statistically convincing and reliable design models can be used to consistently and accurately predict the time-dependent fire resistance of axially loaded, circular, long CFST columns when adequate design formulas are not available in existing codes
Türk girişimcilerin Suriyelilere yönelik tehdit algılarının araştırılması: Şanlıurfa örneği
Full text linkBu araştırma, Şanlıurfa'daki Türk girişimcilerin Suriyelilere yönelik tehdit algılarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada "Şanlıurfa'daki Türk girişimcilerin Suriyelilere yönelik tehdit algıları demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaşmakta mıdır?" sorusuna ek olarak, ekonomik, güvenlik, çevresel ve kültürel tehdit algılarının her birinin demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı sorularına cevap aranmaktadır. Araştırmada İbrahim Halil Sarı (2020) tarafından geliştirilen Suriyelilere Yönelik Tehdit Algıları Ölçeği (SYTAÖ) kullanılmıştır. Veriler, amaçsal örnekleme yöntemine uygun olarak toplanmış ve bu kapsamda 2024 yılının aralık ayında Şanlıurfa'daki 386 Türk girişimci ile görüşülmüştür. Veriler SPSS programı aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma, demografik faktörlerin tehdit algıları üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koyarak, cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi, girişimcilik sektörü, ikamet süresi, Suriyelilerle yaşanan sorunlar ve iş yapma biçimindeki değişikliklerin tehdit algılarında farklılıklara yol açtığını göstermektedir. Araştırma bulguları, kadın katılımcıların erkeklere kıyasla daha yüksek düzeyde tehdit algısına sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle güvenlik, çevresel ve kültürel tehdit boyutlarında kadınların tehdit algılarının daha belirgin olduğu görülmüştür. Yaş değişkeni açısından değerlendirildiğinde, genç bireylerin (özellikle 18-24 yaş grubu) daha ileri yaş gruplarına göre daha yüksek tehdit algılarına sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Eğitim düzeyi arttıkça tehdit algısının da yükseldiği belirlenmiş; lisans ve üzeri eğitim seviyesine sahip girişimcilerin özellikle güvenlik ve çevresel tehdit boyutlarında daha yüksek algılara sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Gelir düzeyinin ise tehdit algıları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Girişimcilik sektörüne göre yalnızca çevresel tehdit boyutunda anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiş, diğer tehdit boyutlarında sektörel farklılık gözlemlenmemiştir. Ayrıca, Şanlıurfa'da ikamet süresi ile güvenlik ve çevresel tehdit algıları arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca, Suriyelilerle yaşanan olumsuz deneyimlerin tehdit algılarını pekiştirdiği ve iş yapma biçiminde değişikliklere yol açan Suriyelilerin varlığının da tehdit algılarını artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir.This study aims to examine the threat perceptions of Turkish entrepreneurs in Şanlıurfa toward Syrians. In addition to the main research question, "Do the threat perceptions of Turkish entrepreneurs in Şanlıurfa toward Syrians differ according to demographic variables?", the study also investigates whether the perceptions of economic, security, environmental, and cultural threats vary based on these variables. The study employed the "Perceptions of Threat Toward Syrians Scale" (SYTAÖ) developed by İbrahim Halil Sarı (2020). Data were collected using purposive sampling, and in this context, interviews were conducted with 386 Turkish entrepreneurs in Şanlıurfa in December 2024. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The findings reveal that demographic factors have significant effects on threat perceptions, indicating that gender, age, education level, entrepreneurship sector, length of residence in Şanlıurfa, negative experiences with Syrians, and perceived changes in business practices due to the presence of Syrians lead to variations in perceived threats. The study found that female participants reported higher levels of threat perception compared to males, particularly in the dimensions of security, environmental, and cultural threats. In terms of age, younger individuals (especially those aged 18–24) were found to have higher levels of threat perception than older participants. A higher level of education was associated with increased threat perceptions, especially regarding security and environmental threats. Income level, on the other hand, did not significantly affect threat perceptions. Among entrepreneurship sectors, a significant difference was observed only in environmental threat perception. Additionally, length of residence in Şanlıurfa was found to significantly affect perceptions of security and environmental threats. The study also observed that negative experiences with Syrians reinforced threat perceptions, and that changes in business practices attributed to the presence of Syrians further heightened these perceptions. The results show that women have higher threat perceptions, young individuals are more anxious about security and cultural threats, and higher education levels increase threat perceptions. Additionally, it was observed that negative experiences with Syrians reinforced threat perceptions and that the presence of Syrians, leading to changes in business practices, also increased threat perceptions. The study emphasizes the need to improve immigration policies and social integration processes. It specifically highlights the role of local entrepreneurs in supporting social cohesion and their potential to facilitate the integration of immigrants, with the statement that achieving economic and cultural integration contributes to societal peace
Spatio-temporal variability of hydrological drought and trends: Implementation of classical and innovative approaches
Full text linkDrought is known as natural hazard having negative potential effects on water resources, economy, sustainability and energy. Hydrological drought is defined as deficiency of surface or subsurface water. Drought is insidious and potentially harmful to the environment and socio-economy, which motivates researchers to monitor and develop new strategies in order to manage possible negative effects. In this research, a detailed hydrological drought monitoring study considering spatio-temporal variability has been performed by employing Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) and mean monthly streamflow records of 36 stations for the standard time scales of 1-, 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months in the Euphrates Basin which covers the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document}16% of Turkey is one of the most important basins in the country in care of water resources availability and hosting many production sectors and cultural heritage. Spatial distribution of drought and wet categories have been analyzed by using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) approach. Trends in the time scales are observed by Mann-Kendall Test, Spearman's Rho Test, Wilcoxon Test, Innovative Trend Significance Test and Sen's Slope Estimator. Graphical Innovative Trend Analysis are employed to examine temporal trends in drought and wet periods. Results have indicated that the mild drought and wet periods are the most repetitive categories based on percentage of occurrences. Different parts of the basin seem to have experienced droughts on the different standard time scales. Decreasing trends are noted to be widespread across the basin. The findings of this research are expected to contribute a better understanding of hydrological drought dynamics in Euphrates Basin that plays critical role in water resources and the sustainability of life in the region
Kurumsal itibar algısının örgütsel bağlılık üzerine etkisinde kurum içi halkla ilişkiler uygulamalarının düzenleyici rolü
Full text link“Kurumsal İtibar Algısının Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkisinde Kurum İçi Halkla İlişkiler Uygulamalarının Düzenleyici Rolü” başlıklı bu çalışmada, Kurumsal İtibar ve Örgütsel Bağlılık ile Kurum İçi Halkla İlişkiler Uygulamaları olmak üzere 3 farklı değişken yer almaktadır. Her üç değişken ile ilgili literatüre göz attığımızda, Kurumsal İtibar ve Örgütsel Bağlılık ile Kurum İçi Halkla İlişkiler Uygulamalarının ilişkilendirildiği az sayıda çalışma yapıldığı göz çarpmaktadır. Aslında İtibar ve Bağlılık ile ilgili müstakil çalışmaların sayıca fazla olmalarına rağmen her iki değişken arasındaki etki oranına ilişkin çalışma sayısının az olması bir yana, ilgili ve benzer çalışmalarda Halkla ilişkiler uygulamaları yüzeysel olarak yer tutmaktadır.
Kurumsal itibar ve örgütsel bağlılık arasında ilişki olduğuna dikkate çeken çalışmalar incelendiğinde, araştırmacıların birey bazında itibar kavramının önemini ve tutumlar ve davranışlar üzerindeki etkisini incelediklerini, farklı modellemeleri ile kavramları ilişkilendirdikleri görülmektedir. Pek çok çalışmanın ortak noktası kurumsal itibarı, birey ile örgüt arasındaki duygusal ilişkide önemli bir değişken olarak ele almalarıdır. Başka bir ifade ile kurumsal itibar ve örgütsel bağlılık ilişkisi bahsi geçen araştırmacılar tarafından kurulmakta, araştırmalar ilişkiyi oluşturan kavramların tanımlamaları ve dayanakları bağlamında farklılaşmaktadırlar.
Çalışmada, Kurumsal İtibar kavramının Örgütsel Bağlılığı etkilediği varsayımından yola çıkılarak, bu varsayımsal düzlemde çeşitli Kurum içi Halkla İlişkiler Uygulamaların farklı etkileri incelenmiş ve yapılan araştırma çerçevesindeki hipotez ve analizler üzerinden her üç değişkenin çıkarım ve değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda değişkenlerden Kurumsal İtibarın Örgütsel Bağlılık üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılırken her iki değişken arasında Kurum İçi Halkla İlişkiler uygulamalarının düzenleyici bir etkiye sahip olmadığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.This study titled “The Moderating Role of Internal Public Relations Practices in the Effect of Corporate Reputation Perception on Organizational Commitment” includes 3 different variables: Corporate Reputation and Organizational Commitment and Internal Public Relations Practices. When we look at the literature on all three variables, it is striking that there are few studies that associate Corporate Reputation and Organizational Commitment with Internal Public Relations Practices. In fact, despite the large number of independent studies on Reputation and Commitment, the number of studies on the effect ratio between the two variables is small, and Public Relations practices are superficially covered in related and similar studies.
When the studies that draw attention to the relationship between corporate reputation and organizational commitment are examined, it is seen that researchers examine the importance of the concept of reputation on an individual basis and its effect on attitudes and behaviors, and associate the concepts with different models. The common point of many studies is that they consider corporate reputation as an important variable in the emotional relationship between the individual and the organization. In other words, the relationship between corporate reputation and organizational commitment is established by the aforementioned researchers, and the studies differ in the context of the definitions and bases of the concepts that constitute the relationship.
In the study, based on the assumption that the concept of Corporate Reputation affects Organizational Commitment, the different effects of various Intra-Organizational Public Relations Practices were examined on this hypothetical level, and inferences and evaluations were made regarding all three variables through the hypotheses and analyzes within the framework of the research. As a result of the research, it was concluded that Corporate Reputation has a positive effect on Organizational Commitment, while it was found that Intra-Organizational Public Relations practices do not have a regulatory effect between the two variables
A novel F7 mutation (p.Gly217Arg) associated with infantile intracranial hemorrhage successfully managed with rFVIIa
Full text linkCongenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder, with an estimated incidence of approximately 1 in 500,000 individuals worldwide [1]. The clinical spectrum is remarkably heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities to severe and life-threatening hemorrhages, such as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) [2]. Herein, we report an infant with a novel F7 gene mutation who presented with subdural hemorrhage and was successfully managed with recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa)
Spherical fuzzy decision support approach to evaluate the sustainable strategies in agri-food supply chains: A case study in tea supply chain
Full text linkThis study proposes a novel sustainability-focused model for evaluating agri-food supply chains, illustrated by a Turkish tea supply chain case ensuring environmental, economic, and social benefits. The research aims to assess and prioritize strategies for enhancing sustainability by identifying key criteria within the sustainability framework. We identify and weigh comprehensive environmental, social, economic, and technical criteria, then rank five strategies aimed at long-term resilience and efficiency. Findings reveal low R&D investment as a major barrier while adopting digital technologies emerges as the most effective solution. These results highlight the novelty of sustainability in our framework, guiding stakeholders toward more balanced decisions. © 2025 The Author(s