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Introduction: Turkish counterterrorism strategy against the PKK
No full textTürkiye’s response to PKK terrorism stands as one of the most sustained, complex, and evolving counterterrorism efforts in the modern era. This book offers the first comprehensive English-language analysis of Türkiye’s counterterrorism strategy, adopting a security-oriented perspective that integrates military, political, legal, economic, and social dimensions. It presents a holistic and critical evaluation of how Türkiye has sought to address terrorism across changing domestic and international environments.
Structured around strategic foundations, operational developments, and emerging threats, the book examines how Türkiye has adapted to the evolving landscape of terrorism. The first part provides a comprehensive view of Türkiye’s strategy, addressing political, social, and economic measures as well as criminal justice approaches and the international legal framework. The second part focuses on operational fields, including urban security operations, cross-border missions, intelligence reforms, and advancements in defense and surveillance technologies. The third part explores new security challenges, including the PKK’s transformation into organized crime and cyberterrorism, and evaluates innovative soft power initiatives such as persuasion processes and counter-narrative strategies
Effect of grape pomace on oxidative and microbial quality of chill-stored beef model systems
Get PDFGrape pomace, a by-product of winemaking, is rich in bioactive compounds and has recently attracted attention for its potential application in functional foods. In this study, grape pomace powder (GPP) derived from the local K¨ osetevek grape variety was incorporated into beef model systems at concentrations of 0.5 %, 0.75 %, and 1.0 % to evaluate its effects on oxidative and microbial stability. GPP supplementation significantly reduced lipid oxidation and metmyoglobin formation, and it also decreased lightness and yellowness values, resulting in a darker appearance in meat batters (p < 0.001). However, the 1.0 % GPP group did not provide additional oxidative protection compared to the 0.5 % and 0.75 % groups. Textural attributes such as hardness and chewiness were affected by GPP, with the 1.0 % group exhibiting the highest chewiness values (p < 0.001). Although microbial counts were lower in GPP-treated samples than in the control, all samples exceeded acceptable spoilage thresholds by day 6. Overall, GPP at concentrations up to 1.0 % may serve as a natural additive to improve the shelf life and functional quality of meat products
Endüstri 4.0'ın kalite süreçlerine entegrasyonu: Kalite yönetimi ve kontrol sistemlerinin incelenmesi
Get PDFBu tez, Endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerinin kalite yönetim ve kontrol süreçlerine etkilerini kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın temel motivasyonu, dijitalleşme ve otomasyon süreçlerinin kalite yönetim araçlarına nasıl entegre edilebileceğini anlamak ve bu entegrasyonun organizasyonlar için sağladığı avantajları değerlendirmektir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın yöntemi olarak Türkiye genelinde farklı sektörlerde çalışan 91 katılımcıya anket uygulanmış, katılımcılardan demografik bilgiler, çalıştıkları sektör, bulundukları bölge ve görev pozisyonlarına dair veriler toplanmıştır. Anket sonuçları, 5S, Kaizen ve Altı Sigma gibi yöntemlerin Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileriyle entegrasyonu ile bölgesel ve sektörel farkların etkisini belirlemek üzere ki-kare testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma, dijital dönüşüm süreçlerinin kalite yönetim sistemleri üzerindeki katkılarını istatistiksel olarak ortaya koyarken, aynı zamanda bu teknolojilerin işletmelerdeki uygulama düzeylerini ve iyileştirme potansiyellerini de değerlendirmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, kalite süreçlerinin Endüstri 4.0 ile optimize edilmesine yönelik stratejik önerilere zemin hazırlamaktadır.This thesis aims to comprehensively examine the impacts of Industry 4.0 technologies on quality management and control processes. The primary motivation of the research is to understand how digitalization and automation processes can be integrated into quality management tools and to evaluate the advantages this integration provides for organizations. In this context, a survey was conducted with 91 participants working in different sectors across Turkey as the research methodology. Demographic information, the sectors in which participants work, their regions, and job positions were collected through the survey. The survey results were analyzed using the chi-square test to determine the integration of methods such as 5S, Kaizen, and Six Sigma with Industry 4.0 technologies, as well as the effects of regional and sectoral differences. The research statistically demonstrates the contributions of digital transformation processes to quality management systems while also evaluating the implementation levels and improvement potentials of these technologies in businesses. The findings provide a basis for strategic recommendations aimed at optimizing quality processes with Industry 4.0
Family and staff cooperation in early childhood special education
No full textIntroduction: Early childhood is a critical period for supporting children's development. The role of families and the staff responsible for the services is crucial in supports to be provided in the development of children with special needs. In this study, stakeholders' cooperation processes were examined in the context of family-staff and staff-staff cooperation. Method: The participants are 12 staff and seven parents at a special education center. The data of the study, which was conducted in the phenomenological design of qualitative research methods, were obtained with the semi-structured interview technique and analyzed with content analysis. Findings: Findings were discussed under the titles cooperation experiences, family participation and needs, early childhood special education, staff, institution features, opinion and suggestions. Six main themes and 18 subthemes were reached. Discussion: The findings of the study were consistent with the findings of the studies examining the cooperation process in special education services in the literature. Physical features of the institution, its operation in accordance with legal regulations and the staff's efficiency are effective in meeting families' needs of information and social support. Families need cooperation with staff expert in different fields in the process of starting education of children with special needs after early diagnosis and evaluation. The role of families and the directors and staff of the special education institutions are critical in maintaining the cooperation. Parents' needs such as information, social and psychological support must be met in line with the family participation. Family participation should be supported through accessible digital-based cooperation programs, professional skills of staff must be developed, and the physical features of institutions must be improved
g-C3N4@Fe3O4 Nanomaterial Synthesis for Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction and Photocatalytic Removal of Basic Blue 3
Get PDFThe present research synthesized a g-C3N4@Fe3O4 hybrid material for efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and photocatalytic degradation of Basic Blue 3 (BB3) dye from wastewater. Characterization of the synthesized g-C3N4@Fe3O4 was conducted through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The optimization of the method was carried out by examining parameters such as pH, g-C3N4@Fe3O4 amount, sample volume, and adsorption/desorption duration. In addition, analytical performance criteria such as limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and relative standard deviation (RSD) of the MSPE method were calculated as 1.29 mu g L-1, 4.28 mu g L-1, and 1.9%, respectively. The method was applied to real samples, including wastewater and textiles, and validated through addition/recovery studies for the magnetic solid-phase extraction procedure. The recoveries were gained between 91 and 100%. The reusability synthesized g-C3N4@Fe3O4 was also evaluated. The recoveries for Basic Blue 3 dye decreased to 81% after the fourth experiment. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance of the g-C3N4@Fe3O4 hybrid material was evaluated due to its good surface area and strong interaction with Basic Blue 3 dye. The photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4@Fe3O4 hybrid material was calculated as 96.8% for 100 mg in 300 min
Özkontrol üstbilişleri ile erteleme arasındaki ilişkide özkontrolün aracı rolü
Get PDFBu çalışma Bürgler ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirilen Öz kontrol Üst bilişleri Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması, geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin test edilmesi ve öz kontrol üst bilişlerinin erteleme ile olan ilişkisinde öz kontrolün aracı rolünü incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma yaşları 18-58 arasında değişen 398 kişi ile yürütülmüştür. Yordayıcı geçerlik analizlerinin yapılması için Çok Boyutlu Kısa Öz Kontrol Ölçeği, Kısa Erteleme Ölçeği ve Barrat Dürtüsellik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Öz kontrol üst bilişlerinin en güçlü yordayıcısı öz kontrol olmakla birlikte, erteleme ve dürtüselliği de yordadığı gösterilmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenilirlik analizleri Cronbach’s Alfa, test-tekrar test güvenirliği ve madde-toplam korelasyonları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizine göre ölçeğin 12 maddeli yapısının iyi uyum göstermiştir. Ölçeğin toplamda ve her iki boyutta güvenilirlik düzeyi .80'in üzerindedir. Sonuç olarak, ölçek Türkiye'de yürütülen araştırmalarda kullanım için geçerli ve güvenilirdir. İkinci aşamada aracılık etkisinin incelenmesi için, Genel Erteleme Ölçeği Kısa Formu, Öz Kontrol Üst bilişleri Ölçeği ve Kısa Çok Boyutlu Öz Kontrol Ölçeği uygulanmıştır ve SPSS ve AMOS programları aracılığıyla veriler analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre Öz kontrol, Öz Kontrol Üst Bilişleri ile Erteleme arasındaki ilişkide öz kontrol tam aracı etkiye sahiptir. Elde edilen bulgular, literatürde yer alan verilere dayalı olarak tartışılmıştır.This study was conducted to adapt the Metacognition in Self-Control Scale developed by Bürgler and colleagues to Turkish, to test its validity and reliability, and to examine the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between metacognition in self-control and procrastination. The study was conducted with 398 individuals aged between 18 and 58. Multidimensional Brief Self-Control Scale, Brief Procrastination Scale, and Barrat Impulsivity Scale were used to conduct predictive validity analyses. Although self-control is the strongest predictor of metacognition in self control, it has been shown that it also predicts procrastination and impulsivity. Reliability analyses of the scale were conducted using Cronbach's Alpha, test-retest reliability, and item-total correlations. According to confirmatory factor analysis, the 12-item structure of the scale showed good fit. The reliability level of the scale in total and in both dimensions is over .80. As a result, the scale is valid and reliable for use in studies conducted in Turkey. In order to examine the mediation effect in the second stage, General Procrastination Scale Short Form, Self-Control Metacognitions Scale and Short Multidimensional Self-Control Scale were applied and data were analyzed through SPSS and AMOS programs. According to the findings, self-control has a full mediating effect in the relationship between metacognition in self control and procrastination. The findings were discussed based on the data in the literature
Assessment of bisphenol-related knowledge and awareness among healthcare professionals: a cross-sectional analysis from Türkiye
Get PDFBackground: A class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals with numerous industrial uses and proven harmful health effects are bisphenols, especially bisphenol A (BPA). These substances pose serious exposure risks in healthcare settings because they are widely found in consumer goods, food containers, and medical equipment. Even though there is growing evidence that exposure to bisphenols can cause metabolic, reproductive, and cardiovascular problems, little is known about these environmental toxins by medical professionals. One major obstacle to efficient risk assessment, patient counseling, and occupational safety implementation in clinical settings is the lack of awareness among frontline healthcare workers. Methods: The healthcare professionals at Gaziantep University Şahinbey Research and Training Hospital participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study from April 15 to September 15, 2024. 397 healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, midwives, and health technicians, participated in standardized in-person interviews using a validated 13-item bisphenol knowledge assessment questionnaire. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 software and included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests, Spearman correlation analysis, and CHAID decision tree analysis. Results: A critically low level of awareness was indicated by the fact that only 23.7% of participants reported having previously encountered bisphenols. With a mean knowledge score of 3.90 ± 3.48 out of 13 possible points, 82.6% of healthcare professionals were classified as having inadequate knowledge (p < 0.001). A significant difference in knowledge was observed based on professional title (physicians scored the highest, p = 0.015), marital status (married vs. single: 4.26 ± 3.57 vs. 3.39 ± 3.30, p = 0.014), and professional experience (6–10 years vs. 0–5 years: 4.29 ± 3.48 vs. 3.30 ± 3.15, p = 0.049). A positive correlation was observed between age and knowledge levels (r = 0.133, p = 0.008). Conclusion: The vast majority of Turkish healthcare professionals do not fully comprehend the sources of exposure, the health risks, or the precautions that should be taken about bisphenols, according to this study. These findings indicate that comprehensive educational interventions and policy reforms are urgently required to enhance environmental health literacy in healthcare settings. Copyright © 2025 Aslan and Kaplan
Successful treatment of childhood hodgkin lymphoma and secondary myelofibrosis resistant to ıntensive therapy, ıncluding allogeneic transplantation
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Pandemi koşullarıyla değişen konut kavramının esnek tasarım üzerinden değerlendirilmesi
Get PDFPandemi ve pandemi süreci ile birlikte karşılaştığımız sorunlar insan hayatını etkileyen problemler olarak tüm dünyada karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bireyleri birbirine yabancılaştıran, birbirinden uzaklaştıran, izole bir yaşam sürmeye mahkûm eden bir hastalık sürecinin sonuçları olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Konutlar her yaştan insanın barınma ve yaşam alanlarıdır. Pandeminin etkisiyle eve kapanmaların ortaya çıkması, karantinaların artması konut kavramını ön plana çıkarmıştır. Pandemi sürecinde konutlar sadece yaşam alanı olmaktan çıkmış, aynı zamanda okul, ofis, spor salonu, hobi alanı vs. gibi mekânlara dönüşmüştür. Bu noktada konutlarda iyileştirme ve düzenlemeyi öngören çalışmalar odak noktası haline gelmiştir. Tüm dünyada etkisini gösteren pandemi, kullanıcıların hayatlarını da farklı şekillerde değiştirmiştir. Başlangıçta tarihte yaşanan diğer pandemiler gibi belli bir süre sonra yavaşlayarak biteceği düşünülse de Covid 19 neredeyse iki yıldır hayatımızdaki yerini korumaktadır. Pandemiden korunmak amacıyla başlangıçta ortaya çıkan maske, mesafe, hijyen gibi detaylar pandeminin uzamasıyla zaman içerisinde uyulması gereken kesin kurallara dönüşmüştür. Bu kurallar sadece ülkemizde değil tüm dünyada uyulması gereken kurallar olarak kabul edilmiştir. Mevcut pandeminin ortaya çıkan yeni dalgalar ve varyantlarla daha ne kadar süreceği belli olmadığı için yaşadığımız tüm alanlarda bu yeni yaşam biçimine ayak uydurmak ve bu düzene uyum sağlamak zorunluluğu bu süreçte karşılaşılan sorunlar sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında pandemi ile birlikte değişen konut kavramı incelenmiş, karantina ve kapanmalarla tüm çalışmalarını konut içerisinden yürütmek zorunda kalan bireylerin bu süreçteki fikirleri anket yoluyla belirlenmiş, konutlarda pandemi sebebiyle yapılan yeni düzenlemeler tespit edilmiştir. Esnek tasarım konusu ele alınarak konutlarda pratik, ekonomik ve sürdürülebilir çözüm önerileri getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Her yaş ve cinsiyetten bireyin ihtiyaçlarının göz önünde bulundurulduğu bu çalışmanın bundan sonra yapılacak olan konut tasarımlarına katkıda bulunması hedeflenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde pandemi ve alt başlıkları, üçüncü bölümde konut kavramı, tarihi ve gelişim süreci, dördüncü bölümde ise pandemi ile birlikte konutlarda daha fazla önem kazanan esnek tasarım kavramı incelenmiştir.The problems we encounter with the pandemic and the pandemic process appear all over the world as problems that affect human life. It is considered as the results of a disease process that alienates individuals from each other, distances them from each other, and condemns them to lead an isolated life. Residences are the shelter and living spaces of people of all ages. The emergence of lockdowns and the increase in quarantines due to the effect of the pandemic have brought the concept of housing to the fore. During the pandemic, residences have ceased to be only living spaces, but also turned into places such as schools, offices, gyms, hobby areas, etc. At this point, studies that envisage improvement and arrangement in residences have become the focal point. The pandemic, which has affected the whole world, has also changed the lives of users in different ways. Although it was initially thought that it would slow down after a certain period of time like other pandemics in history, Covid 19 has maintained its place in our lives for almost two years. Details such as masks, distance and hygiene, which emerged at the beginning in order to protect against the pandemic, have turned into definite rules to be followed over time with the prolongation of the pandemic. These rules have been accepted as rules to be followed not only in our country but also all over the world. Since it is not clear how long the current pandemic will last with the new waves and variants that have emerged, the necessity of keeping up with this new way of life and adapting to this order in all areas we live in has emerged as a result of the problems encountered in this process. Within the scope of the study, the concept of housing, which changed with the pandemic, was examined, the opinions of individuals who had to carry out all their work from within the house due to quarantine and closures were determined through a survey, and new arrangements made in housing due to the pandemic were determined. By addressing the issue of flexible design, it is aimed to offer practical, economical and sustainable solutions in residences. This study, which takes into account the needs of individuals of all ages and genders, is aimed to contribute to the housing designs to be made in the future. In this direction, in the second part of the study, the pandemic and its sub-headings, in the third part, the concept of housing, its history and development process, and in the fourth part, the concept of flexible design, which gained more importance in housing with the pandemic, was examined
Weakly S-2-prime ideals of commutative rings
No full textThe objective of this paper is to introduce and investigate the concept of weakly S-2-prime ideals which are extensions of weakly 2-prime ideals in commutative rings. Let R be a commutative ring with identity and S be a multiplicative subset of R with 1 ∈ S. A proper ideal Q of R with Q ∩ S = ∅ is called a weakly S-2-prime ideal of R if there exists an s ∈ S such that for all α, β ∈ R with 0 ≠ αβ ∈ Q, we have sα2 ∈ Q or sβ2 ∈ Q. Various characterizations of weakly S-2-prime ideals are given and the relationship between weakly S-2-prime ideals and other classical ideals are illustrated by a diagram. For this relationship, a myriad of supporting examples and counter examples are presented. Moreover, this class of ideals is analyzed in idealization rings and amalgamated duplication along an ideal. Besides, the rings over which every weakly S-2-prime ideal is S-2-prime ideal is examined. © 2025, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University. All rights reserved