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Natural Coagulants for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Current Global Research Trends
No full textNatural coagulants have gained significant attention as effective agents for wastewater treatment, particularly in the removal of heavy metals. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 268 publications over the past decade, aiming to assess research trends and developments in the application of natural coagulants in wastewater management. The analysis reveals a marked increase in publication output, with the number of articles rising from just five in 2015 to fifty-one in 2024, indicating a growing global awareness and investment in sustainable wastewater treatment practices. “Environmental science” emerges as the leading discipline, accounting for 31.3% of the total publications. Notably, Malaysia is identified as the foremost contributor, with 60 publications and 1149 citations, followed by India and Brazil, highlighting the robust research activity in these regions. The study identifies key natural coagulants, such as Moringa oleifera and chitosan, which are frequently cited for their efficacy in reducing heavy metal concentrations and improving overall water quality. Leading funding organizations, such as the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior in Brazil, have significantly contributed to the growth of this field by financing numerous studies. Prominent journals, including the Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering and Water Research, play a crucial role in disseminating research findings and advancing knowledge in this area. These publications are vital for sharing innovative methodologies and effective treatment solutions in the field of natural coagulants. Effective treatment methodologies identified in the literature include coagulation/flocculation and adsorption. The study highlights a variety of natural materials utilized for wastewater treatment, including plant-based coagulants derived from agricultural by-products, which not only address environmental concerns but also promote resource recovery. © 2025 by the authors
Üniversite adaylarının olumlu gelecek beklentilerinin yordayıcısı olarak belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve akademik motivasyon
Get PDFAraştırmanın amacı, olumlu gelecek beklentisinin, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve akademik motivasyon ile ilişkilerinin incelenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda, olumlu gelecek beklentisinin; cinsiyet, sınava katılım durumu, ekonomik durum, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün alt boyutları ve akademik motivasyonun alt boyutları ile ilişkilerinin yordayıcı korelasyonel desenle incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu 2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılında Gaziantep ilinde eğitim gören 385 üniversite adayı oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların %56.9 'u (219) kadın ve % 43.1'i (166) erkeklerden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaşları 16-24 arasında değişmektedir. Katılımcıların ekonomik düzeyleri şu şekilde dağılmaktadır: %9'u (35 kişi) düşük ekonomik düzeyde, %84.7'si (326 kişi) orta düzeyde ve %6.2'si (24 kişi) yüksek ekonomik düzeyde yer almaktadır. Veri toplama süreci araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen kişisel bilgi formu, Olumlu Gelecek Beklentisi Ölçeği, Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği ve Akademik Motivasyon Ölçeği aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri analizi sürecinde Bağımsız Örneklemler T-Testi, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ve Aşamalı Regresyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, üniversite adaylarının olumlu gelecek beklentilerinin yüksek olduğu, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük düzeylerinin orta seviyede olduğu ve akademik motivasyon düzeylerinin ise yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular, katılımcıların psikolojik ve akademik özelliklerinin olumlu gelecek beklentilerini etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir. Aşamalı regresyon analizi kapsamında belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük (ileriye yönelik kaygı, engelleyici kaygı) ve akademik motivasyon (bilme, başarma, haraket, tanınma, kendini ispat, düzenleme, motivasyonsuzluk) alt boyutlarının dahil edilmesi ile geliştirilen modelde ekonomik düzey, motivasyonsuzluk, içsel motivasyon başarma ve engelleyici kaygı boyutlarının istatistiksel olarak modele anlamlı katkıda bulunduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca motivasyonsuzluk ile olumlu gelecek beklentisi arasında negatif bir ilişkinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan sınava katılım sayısı ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre olumlu gelecek beklentisi, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve akademik motivasyon değişkenlerinin anlamlı olarak farklılaşmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ile akademik motivasyon arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.The aim of the study is to examine the relationships of positive future expectancy with intolerance of uncertainty and academic motivation. In this direction, it was aimed to examine the relationships of positive future expectancy with gender, exam participation status, economic status, sub-dimensions of intolerance of uncertainty and sub-dimensions of academic motivation with a predictive correlational design. The study group consisted of 385 university candidates studying in Gaziantep province in the 2023-2024 academic year. 56.9% (219) of the participants were female and 43.1% (166) were male. The ages of the participants ranged between 16-24 years. The economic level of the participants is distributed as follows: 9% (35 people) at low economic level, 84.7% (326 people) at medium level and 6.2% (24 people) at high economic level. The data collection process was carried out through the personal information form developed by the researcher, Positive Future Expectancy Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and Academic Motivation Scale. Independent Samples T-Test, Pearson Correlation Analysis and Stepwise Regression Analysis were used in the data analysis process. As a result of the study, it was found that the university candidates had high positive future expectations, moderate levels of intolerance of uncertainty and high levels of academic motivation. These findings suggest that participants' psychological and academic characteristics may affect their positive future expectations. In the model developed by including intolerance of uncertainty (prospective anxiety, inhibitory anxiety) and academic motivation (knowing, achievement, action, recognition, self-assertion, regulation, amotivation) sub-dimensions within the scope of stepwise regression analysis, it was found that economic level, amotivation, intrinsic motivation, achievement and inhibitory anxiety dimensions made statistically significant contributions to the model. It was also found that there was a negative relationship between amotivation and positive future expectancy. On the other hand, it was determined that positive future expectancy, intolerance of uncertainty and academic motivation variables did not differ significantly according to the number of exam participation and gender variables. In addition, a statistically significant relationship was found between intolerance of uncertainty and academic motivation
Impact of Calcium Lactate Concentration and Holding Time on Caviar-like Chicken Broth Hydrogel Beads
Get PDFThis study is the first to encapsulate chicken broth into caviar-like hydrogel beads (CBHBs) using ionic gelation, aiming to explore their potential in molecular gastronomy and functional food design. The effects of calcium lactate concentration (1%, 2.5%, and 5%) and post-gelation holding time (0, 30, and 60 min) on the physicochemical, morphological, mechanical, and sensory properties of chicken broth hydrogel beads were evaluated. The beads were produced by dropping a 1% sodium alginate-chicken broth mixture into calcium lactate solutions, followed by analysis of diameter, bulk density, pH, color, shape, texture, and consumer acceptance. Results revealed that higher calcium concentrations and extended holding times significantly decreased bead diameter and increased bulk density and hardness, indicating denser and more compact structures. Morphologically, increased calcium levels resulted in irregular, droplet-like shapes, with reduced sphericity. Instrumental color analysis showed higher a*, b*, and chroma values at higher calcium levels. Sensory evaluations demonstrated that samples with lower calcium concentrations and no post-gelation holding were significantly preferred by panelists in terms of softness and overall liking. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing calcium concentration and holding time in the design of alginate-based hydrogel beads and suggest that CBHBs have potential applications in molecular gastronomy and functional food product development
The Impact of Militarization and Industrialization as a Threat to Sustainable Environmental Development in NATO Countries
Get PDFThere has been an increase in defense investment in recent years, which makes it necessary to investigate its impact on environmental degradation. This study examines the long-term relationships between militarization, industrialization, and environmental degradation as a risk factor and threat to sustainable environmental development in NATO countries over the long term, from 1995 to 2018, within the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve. Using the PMG-ARDL method, the study reveals that military spending, industrialization, and energy consumption have a significant and positive impact on environmental degradation, which hinders sustainable environmental development. The environmental Kuznets curve is valid in NATO countries. The analysis of the long-term relationship between the variables reveals a positive relationship between military spending and CO2 emissions. Results from the PMG-ARDL test indicate that militarization, industrialization, and energy consumption have a positive and significant long-term impact on environmental degradation. In contrast, urbanization is found to have a negative and significant effect on environmental degradation. These results underscore the need for policymakers to adopt integrated strategies that align militarization and industrialization policies with environmental objectives and support sustainable environmental development
Large-scale production of CNT reinforced PVC-based artificial leather
Get PDFNanoparticle-reinforced polymers have been extensively studied at the laboratory scale for decades; however, their large-scale implementation in everyday applications remains limited. In this study, carbon nanotube (CNT)enhanced PVC-based artificial leather was successfully fabricated and systematically characterized. The structural, optical, and mechanical properties of both neat and CNT-reinforced artificial leather were investigated through FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, tensile, flexibility, abrasion, wear, and water contact angle measurements. Accelerated aging tests under UV and thermal exposure were also conducted. Although the addition of 0.5 wt% CNTs did not alter the surface structure-likely due to nanoparticle encapsulation within the polymer matrix-it significantly influenced other properties. The CNTs were generally well-dispersed with minimal agglomeration. Notably, the inclusion of CNTs enhanced tensile strength, reduced abrasion loss, and enabled control over the flexibility of the artificial leather. These findings demonstrate that even a small addition of CNTs can substantially improve the mechanical performance and durability of PVC-based artificial leather, highlighting its potential for broader practical applications
The Combined Effects of Hybrid HNTs and Pure Boron Nanoparticles on Shear Strength and Failure Characteristics of Adhesive Joints
Get PDFThis study investigates the effect of a hybrid incorporation of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and pure boron nanoparticles(BNP) on the shear strength of single-lap joints bonded with Araldite 2014 epoxy adhesive. The adhesive matrix used inthis study is an epoxy- based Araldite 2014. Hybrid- doped joints containing 1.2% HNT and 0.3% BNP by weight demonstrateda 48.94% increase in maximum shear strength compared to the pure specimen. The most significant displacement atrupture—approximately 2.5 mm—was observed in these specimens, resulting in a 72.41% increase in ductility relative tothe pure adhesive. Fracture mode analysis revealed a transition from adhesive failure in pure samples to cohesive fail-ure and fiber tearing in nanoparticle-doped samples, indicating enhanced adhesion between the adhesive and substrates.Detailed Scanned Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses showed that HNT particles increase toughness through crack-bridging, while BNP particles enhance toughness via crack-deviation and particle segregation mechanisms; together, theseeffects provide a synergistic toughening mechanism. Additionally, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses demon-strated that chemical interactions between nanoparticles and the Araldite 2014 matrix further improve adhesive strength.These findings contribute to the development of high-performance epoxy adhesive formulations for structurally demandingapplications
Akıllı binalarda enerji ve çevre açısından sürdürülebilirlik: akıllı aydınlatma pilot uygulaması hastane örneği
Get PDFEnerji verimliliği, artan enerji maliyetleri ve çevresel kaygılar nedeniyle modern bina tasarımı ve yönetiminde çok önemlidir. Akıllı bina teknolojileri, enerji kullanımını optimize etmek için bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin (ICT) kullanımı yoluyla yenilikçi çözümler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, enerji ihtiyacını elektrik ve doğal gazdan karşılayan hastanede uygulanan enerji verimliliği önlemlerini incelemektedir. Binanın enerji performansına ilişkin olarak 3-28 Nisan 2016 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen bir analizde iyileştirme yapılması gereken alanlar tespit edilmiştir. Odaklanılan temel alanlar arasında ısı yalıtımı, aydınlatma sistemleri, tesisat yalıtımı ve otomasyon yer almıştır. Binanın yıllık enerji tüketimi 549,24 kWh/m², sera gazı emisyonu ise 101,98 kg-CO₂/m² olarak tespit edilmiş ve bu da iyileştirme ihtiyacını ortaya koymuştur. Önerilen önlemler arasında ısı yalıtımının iyileştirilmesi, yüksek verimli aydınlatma sistemlerine geçilmesi, tesisat yalıtımının geliştirilmesi ve otomasyon sistemlerinin devreye sokulması yer almıştır. Bir enerji yöneticisinin ve otomasyon sisteminin olmaması gibi eksiklikler önerilen çözümlerle ele alınmıştır. Bu önlemlerin uygulanmasının ardından binanın yıllık enerji tüketimi 528,24 kWh/m²'ye düşerek 248.894,84 kWh tasarruf sağlandı. Sera gazı emisyonları 92,04 kg-CO₂/m²'ye düşmüş ve yıllık maliyet tasarrufu toplam 174.243,55 TL olmuştur. Yatırımın geri ödeme süresi 3,84 yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca binanın Enerji Kimlik Belgesi derecesi 'F'den 'C'ye yükseltilmiştir. Çok dönemli tarifelere geçiş ve aydınlatma sistemlerinin güncellenmesi özellikle uygun maliyetli olmuştur. Bu vaka çalışması, sağlık tesislerinde enerji verimliliği iyileştirmelerinin faydalarını vurgulamaktadır. Hastanenin, akıllı bina teknolojilerini benimseyerek maliyetleri düşürmüş, çevresel etkileri en aza indirmiş ve ekonomik ve çevresel hedefler arasında bir denge sağlamıştır. Bulgular, sağlık ve diğer sektörlerdeki benzer projeler için faydalı bilgiler sağlamaktadır.Energy efficiency is crucial in modern building design and management due to increasing energy costs and environmental concerns. Smart building technologies offer innovative solutions through the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to optimize energy usage. An analysis of the building’s energy performance conducted between 3 and 28 April 2016 identified areas for improvement. Key focus areas included thermal insulation, lighting systems, installation insulation, and automation. The building’s annual energy consumption was 549.24 kWh/m², with greenhouse gas emissions of 101.98 kg-CO₂/m², indicating the need for upgrades. Proposed measures included improving thermal insulation, upgrading to high-efficiency lighting systems, enhancing installation insulation, and introducing automation systems. Deficiencies such as the absence of an energy manager and automation system were addressed with suggested solutions. After implementing these measures, the building’s annual energy consumption decreased to 528.24 kWh/m², saving 248,894.84 kWh. Greenhouse gas emissions dropped to 92.04 kg-CO₂/m², and annual cost savings totaled 174,243.55 TL. The investment’s payback period was calculated as 3.84 years. Additionally, the building’s Energy Performance Certificate rating improved from ‘F’ to ‘C’. Switching to multi-term tariffs and updating lighting systems proved particularly cost-effective. This case study highlights the benefits of energy efficiency retrofits in healthcare facilities. By adopting smart building technologies, the Hospital reduced costs, minimized environmental impacts, and achieved a balance between economic and environmental objectives. The findings provide useful insights for similar projects in healthcare and other sectors
Ailenin tutum ve davranışlarının çocukluk çağı obezitesine etkisi
Get PDFYağ dokusunun vücutta kontrolsüz bir şekilde artması sonucu vücuttaki ağırlık artışı obezite olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Çocukluk çağında ortaya çıkan obezite yetişkinlik döneminde de seyredebilir ve hipertansiyon, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar diyabet gibi birçok kronik hastalığa sebep olabilir. Çevresel ve genetik etmenler sonucunda oluşabilen obezite fizyolojik ve psikolojik hastalıklara sebep olabilir. WHO'ya göre 2030'da dünyadaki obez çocuk oranının yaklaşık 250 milyon olacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Bu çalışma Gaziantep'te devlet okullarında eğitim gören 7-12 yaş aralığındaki 110 çocuk ve ebeveynleri üzerinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmadaki amacımız çocuğun beslenme açısından aile ortamından ve ebeveynlerin tutumlarından ne derece etkilendiğini saptamaktadır. Yani çocukluk çağı obezitesinde ailenin tutumunu belirlemektir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen çocukların boy uzunluğu ve vücut ağırlığı antropometrik yöntemlere uygun olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya ilişkin veriler yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak anket formu aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca ebeveynlere Ebeveyn Beslenme Tarzı Anketi (EBTA) uygulanmıştır. Çocukların yaş ortalaması 10,2 ± 1,4 yıldır. Annelerin yaş ortalaması 37,42 ± 6,2 ve babaların yaş ortalaması 40,9 ± 6,7 yıldır. Araştırmaya dahil edilen çocukların Beden Kütle İndeksi(BKİ); erkeklerde 17,9 ± 3,6 kg/m2 kızlarda ise 17,5 ± 2.8 kg/m2dir. Yaşa göre BKİ'ye bakıldığında çocukların %9'u obez ve %16,4'ü ise fazla kiloludur. Ebeveynlerin vücut ağırlıkları incelendiğinde annelerin %29.1'i obez, %50'si fazla kilolu; babaların ise %20.9'u obez %47.3'ünün fazla kilolu olduğu saptanmıştır. Anne BKİ'si ile duygusal besleme, yardımcı besleme ve toleranslı kontrollü besleme arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır(p<0,05). Çocuğun vücut ağırlığı, babanın yaşı ve babanın BKİ'si ile annenin duygusal besleme alt boyut skoru arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Ancak anne vücut ağırlığı ve annenin BKİ'si ile annenin duygusal besleme skoru arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif bir ilişkinin olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Annelerin EBTA alt boyut skorlarına bakıldığında daha çok kontrollü besleme ve duygusal beslemeye yatkın oldukları görülmüştür. EBTA alt boyut skorlarının demografik ve antropometrik ölçümlere göre değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak annenin tutum ve davranışları çocukluk çağı obezitesini etkileyebilmektedir. Bunun önüne geçebilmek için aile sağlık merkezi ve okullarda diyetisyen istihdamı arttırılarak özellikle anne olmak üzere hem çocukların hem de ebeveynlerin beslenme bilgi düzeyleri arttırılmalıdır. Ayrıca örneklem sayısının fazla olduğu uzun süreli gözlemsel çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.Obesity is defined as the increase in body weight due to the uncontrolled increase in fat tissue in the body. Obesity that occurs in childhood can also continue in adulthood and can cause many chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Obesity, which can occur as a result of environmental and genetic factors, can cause physiological and psychological diseases. According to WHO, it is estimated that the number of obese children in the world will be approximately 250 million in 2030. This study was conducted on 110 children between the ages of 7-12 who are studying in public schools in Gaziantep and their parents. Our aim in the study is to determine the extent to which the child is affected by the family environment and the attitudes of the parents in terms of nutrition. In other words, to determine the attitude of the family in childhood obesity. The height and body weight of the children included in the study were determined in accordance with anthropometric methods. The data related to the study were obtained through a questionnaire form using the face-to-face interview technique. In addition, the Parental Nutritional Style Questionnaire (EBTA) was applied to the parents. The average age of the children is 10.2 ± 1.4 years. The mean age of the mothers was 37.42 ± 6.2 and the mean age of the fathers was 40.9 ± 6.7 years. The Body Mass Index (BMI) of the children included in the study was 17.9 ± 3.6 kg/m2 for boys and 17.5 ± 2.8 kg/m2 for girls. When BMI by age was examined, 9% of the children were obese and 16.4% were overweight. When the body weights of the parents were examined, it was found that 29.1% of the mothers were obese, 50% were overweight; 20.9% of the fathers were obese and 47.3% were overweight. A statistically significant relationship was found between the mother's BMI and emotional feeding, assisted feeding and tolerant controlled feeding (p<0.05). A statistically significant and positive relationship was found between the child's body weight, the father's age and the father's BMI and the mother's emotional feeding sub-dimension score. However, it was determined that there was a statistically significant and negative relationship between the mother's body weight and mother's BMI and the mother's emotional feeding score (p<0.05). When the EBTA sub-dimension scores of mothers were examined, it was seen that they were more prone to controlled feeding and emotional feeding. It was determined that the EBTA sub-dimension scores changed according to demographic and anthropometric measurements. As a result, the mother's attitudes and behaviors can affect childhood obesity. In order to prevent this, the employment of dietitians in family health centers and schools should be increased and the nutritional knowledge levels of both children and parents, especially mothers, should be increased. In addition, long-term observational studies with a large sample size are needed
Biopsychosocial model-based exercise improves muscle strength, proprioception, pain, function, and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis patients with knee involvement: a randomized controlled clinical trial
No full textIn this article, the title “Biopsychosocial model-based exercise improves muscle strength, proprioception, pain, function, and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis patients with knee involvement: a randomized controlled clinical tiral” Was incorrect, but it should have been read as “Biopsychosocial model-based exercise improves muscle strength, proprioception, pain, function, and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis patients with knee involvement: a randomized controlled clinical trial” Now, The Original article has been corrected
Multi Features Data Clustering Using Novel Statistical Method with Application to Color Images
Get PDFThe efficiency and performance of the color image clustering algorithms are determined by various factors, including accuracy, data size, speed, and reliability (the absence of randomness in the results). Some applications, like microscopes analyzing images of biological objects or telescopes observing planetary motion prioritize accuracy over execution time. In contrast, surveillance cameras and moving object tracking prioritize speed and reliability over accuracy. This study introduces a novel algorithm that balances these four factors by clustering data with multiple features linked through specific relationships. The proposed algorithm has been practically applied to RGB color images. Traditional clustering methods, such as K-means, K-medoids, and Fuzzy C-means (FC-means), often prioritize arithmetic operations (e.g., means), which can deviate from true values, reducing calculation accuracy and resulting in outliers. Another limitation of traditional clustering methods is the irregularity in their outcomes, which reduces reliability due to the inherent randomness in selecting the initial point. These methods also perform poorly when handling large and multidimensional datasets. In contrast, the suggested clustering method employs a completely different approach. It identifies the Relationship Between Features Clustering (RBFC) of a specific object, represented across several matrices. It reduces their dimensions into a one-dimensional matrix representing the dissimilarities among such relations. The data is then clustered. Applying the RBFC method to a set of color images verified that the said method outperformed the aforementioned traditional methods insofar as clustering accuracy and processing time were involved. The suggested method also improves reliability by removing randomness and reliably producing color clusters in the same sequence throughout multiple runs. Moreover, the RBFC approach has shown remarkable performance in large datasets like medical and satellite images. The findings highlight that the RBFC approach is an efficient and effective clustering method for complex data scenarios and image processing applications