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Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocuklara yönelik pragmatik dil becerileri değerlendirme ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi
Full text linkBu çalışma, okul öncesine devam eden 36-72 aylık çocukların pragmatik dil becerilerini değerlendirme ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi amacıyla hazırlanan bir ölçek geliştirme çalışmasıdır. Bu sebeple çalışma temel araştırma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Pragmatik dil becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi çocukların sosyal ve akademik hayatlarında karşılaşabilecekleri sorunların önüne geçilebilmesi ve erken müdahalenin programlanması açısından önemlidir. Çalışmanın örneklemini 2023-2024 yılında Gaziantep ilinin Şehitkamil ve Şahinbey merkez ilçelerinde okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 519 çocuğun 121 öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Çocuklara ilişkin veriler öğretmenlerinden toplanmıştır. Ölçüt geçerliği için 35 çocuğa (35 öğretmen), ayırt edici geçerlik için 42 çocuğa (11 öğretmen) ve Test Tekrar Test için 41 çocuğa (8 öğretmen) ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen "Pragmatik Dil Becerileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği (PRA-DİL)"nin ölçüt geçerliğini test etmek amacıyla "Sosyal İletişim Becerileri Kontrol Listesi" kullanılmıştır. Ayırt edici geçerlik analizine ilişkin olarak otizm spektrum bozukluğu (n=21) ve bilişsel gelişimsel geriliği (n=21) tanısı olan çocukların öğretmenlerinden veri toplanmıştır. Ölçeğe ilişkin verilerin analizinde yapıyı keşfetmek için Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi kullanılmıştır. Açımlayıcı Faktör analizi sonucu ortaya çıkan yapıyı doğrulamak içinse Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizine başvurulmuştur. Güvenirlik analizlerinde iç tutarlılık için Cronbach's Alpha (α) ve McDonald's Omega (ω) katsayıları, Test tekrar test güvenirliği içinse Pearson Korelasyon katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ölçeğin 3 faktörden ve 23 maddeden oluşan bir yapıya sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Faktörlere ilişkin maddeler incelenerek alt boyutlar "İletişimsel Niyetler", "Söylem Yönetimi Becerileri" ve "Bağlam" olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi sonuçlarına göre üç faktörlü yapı, ölçeğin toplam varyansının %69,498'ini açıklamaktadır. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi sonucu uyum iyiliği indeks değerleri ölçeğin teorik modelinin veri setiyle yüksek düzeyde uyum sağladığını göstermiştir. Cronbach's Alpha (α) ve McDonald's Omega (ω) katsayılarına göre ölçek geneli ve faktörlere ilişkin güvenilirlik düzeylerinin oldukça yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Test tekrar test güvenirliğine ilişkin olarak uygulanan Pearson korelasyon ile bağımlı örneklem t-test analizi sonuçları, ölçeğin zamana karşı değişmezliğini ve ölçüm sonuçlarının kararlılığını desteklemektedir. Ölçüt geçerliği sonuçlarında Sosyal İletişim Becerileri Kontrol Listesi ile yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir (r = ,717, p < ,000). Çalışmanın tipik gelişen çocuklar ve yetersizliği olan çocuklar (OSB ve Zihinsel Yetersizlik) olmak üzere iki zıt gruba uygulanan ayırt edici geçerlilik analizi sonuçlarına göre, ölçek genel puanının gruplara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir (t = 17,508, p < ,001). Analiz sonuçları "PRA-DİL"in öğretmenlerin okul öncesindeki çocukların pragmatik dil becerilerini ölçmede kullanabilecekleri geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğunu göstermiştir.This study is a scale development study prepared for the purpose of developing a scale to evaluate the pragmatic language skills of 36-72 month old preschool children. For this reason, the study was designed as basic research. Evaluating pragmatic language skills is important in preventing problems that children may encounter in their social and academic lives and in programming early intervention. The sample of the study consisted of 121 teachers of 519 children attending pre-school education institutions in the central districts of Şehitkamil and Şahinbey of Gaziantep province in 2023-2024. Data on children were collected from their teachers. For criterion validity, 35 children (35 teachers), for discriminant validity, 42 children (11 teachers) and for Test-Retest, 41 children (8 teachers) were reached. The "Social Communication Skills Checklist" was used to test the criterion validity of the "Pragmatic Language Skills Assessment Scale (PRA-LA)" developed by the researcher. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to explore the structure in the analysis of the data related to the scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to verify the structure that emerged as a result of the Exploratory Factor Analysis. In reliability analyses, Cronbach's Alpha (α) and McDonald's Omega (ω) coefficients were calculated for internal consistency, and Pearson Correlation coefficients were calculated for test-retest reliability. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the scale had a structure consisting of 3 factors and 23 items. The items related to the factors were examined and the sub-dimensions were named as "Communicative Intentions", "Discourse Management Skills" and "Context". According to the results of Exploratory Factor Analysis, the three-factor structure explains 69.498% of the total variance of the scale. As a result of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the goodness of fit index values showed that the theoretical model of the scale had a high level of fit with the data set. According to Cronbach's Alpha (α) and McDonald's Omega (ω) coefficients, it was determined that the reliability levels of the scale in general and the factors were quite high. The results of the Pearson correlation and dependent sample t-test analysis applied to test-retest reliability support the invariance of the scale over time and the stability of the measurement results. In the criterion validity results, it is seen that there is a highly significant relationship with the Social Communication Skills Checklist (r = .717, p < .000). According to the results of the discriminant validity analysis applied to two contrasting groups, typically developing children and children with disabilities (ASD and Mental Disability), it was determined that the general score of the scale differed statistically significantly according to the groups (t = 17,508, p < ,001). The analysis results showed that "PRA-LA" is a valid and reliable tool that teachers can use to measure the pragmatic language skills of preschool children
Biopsychosocial-based exercise model for rheumatic diseases via telerehabilitation: A case series with a one year follow up
Full text linkPurpose: This study aims to examine the sustainability of the biopsychosocial exercise performed by telerehabilitation on individuals with rheumatic disease, with and without supervision, and investigate the effect of the biopsychosocial-based exercise model on biopsychosocial status, general health status, and anxiety-depression levels of individuals. Method: Twenty patients with rheumatic diseases performed a biopsychosocial-based exercise model Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach via telerehabilitation with physiotherapist-supervised and unsupervised exercises who continued for three sessions per week for 12 months. Outcome measures were Health Assessment Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire. Patients were assessed at baseline, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months. Results: There was no significant difference by time for Health Assessment Questionnaire (p=0.512) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety and depression scores (p=0.162 and p=0.825, respectively) between the five measures at the one-year followup. Similarly, there is no significant difference in Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire score outcomes by time (p=0.184). Conclusion: In this study a group of rheumatic patients with face-to-face biopsychosocial exercise habits were able to maintain their exercise habits with realtime telerehabilitation with or without supervised during the 1-year follow-up period during the COVID-19 pandemic was shown. Although there was no improvement in the parameters during the pandemic period when social isolation and depression-anxiety disorders increased, the level of recovery which individuals had previously gained was not adversely affected and the healing properties were preserved with the help of telerehabilitation
Square-difference factor absorbing submodules of modules over commutative rings
No full textLet R be a commutative ring with identity and M an unitary Rmodule. Recently, in [5], Anderson, Badawi and Coykendalla defined
a proper ideal I of R to be a square-difference factor absorbing ideal
(sdf-absorbing ideal) of R if whenever a
2 − b
2 ∈ I for 0 6= a, b ∈ R,
then a + b ∈ I or a − b ∈ I. Generally, this article is devoted to introduce and study square-difference factor absorbing submodules. A
proper submodule N of M is called square-difference factor absorbing
(sdf-absorbing) in M if whenever m ∈ M and a, b ∈ R\AnnR(m) such
that (a
2 − b
2
)m ∈ N, then (a + b)m ∈ N or (a − b)m ∈ N. Many
properties, examples and characterizations of sdf-absorbing submodules
are introduced, especially in multiplication modules. Comparing this
new class of submodules with classical prime submodules, we present
new characterizations for von-Neumann regular modules in terms of
sdf-absorbing submodules. Further characterizations of some special
modules in which every nonzero proper submodule is sdf-absorbing are
investigated. Finally, the sdf-absorbing submodules in amalgamated
modules are studie
An ınvestigation of muscle mechanical properties in acute burns and burn types
Full text linkObjectives: This study investigated the mechanical properties (tone, stiffness, and elasticity) of the biceps brachii (BB) muscle in the acute phase of different burn types. Methods: A total of 30 individuals (18–63 years) participated and were divided into three groups: flame, electrical, and scald burns. Myotonometric measurements assessed BB muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity at admission (week 1) and at weeks 2 and 3. Results: When comparing the three time points, BB tone and stiffness significantly decreased by week 3 (p < 0.05), while elasticity remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Across burn types, BB tone, stiffness, and elasticity were similar at all three time points (p > 0.05). In the acute phase, BB tone and stiffness decreased by week 3, but elasticity showed no change. Conclusions: Different burn types exhibited similar BB mechanical properties over time. However, burn types may influence muscle tone and stiffness differently during acute recovery. Further studies with larger populations are needed to compare treatments across burn types and assess long-term mechanical property changes. © 2025 by the authors
Comparison of Angiogenic Factors in the Placentas of Parturient Women with COVID-19
No full textSince the beginning of the pandemic, few studies have explored the histopathological and molecular characteristics of placentas from SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women. This study aimed to investigate changes in the expression of angiogenic growth factors in the placentas of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women (COVID-19 group) and compare them with placentas from non-infected women (control group). Placentas collected at birth from 20 healthy women (control group) and 20 women who tested positive for COVID-19 were prepared for histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on placental tissues using antibodies against Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF). Initially, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in placental tissue was evaluated through ACE2 immunohistochemical staining. ACE2 expression was weak in the placental syncytiotrophoblast cells of non-infected women, whereas it was markedly increased in the syncytiotrophoblasts of placentas from women infected with COVID-19. VEGF expression was strong in the endothelial and stromal cells of villi in the control group, but significantly reduced in the villi of infected placentas. VEGFR-1 was strongly expressed in the endothelial membranes of villi in the control group, but expression was notably weaker in infected placentas. PDGF expression was strong in the syncytiotrophoblast and stromal cells of the control group but was significantly weaker in COVID-19-positive placentas. VEGF, VEGFR-1, and PDGF were strongly expressed in the placental villi of the control group, and their marked reduction in COVID-19-positive placentas suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may adversely affect the development and differentiation of the placental villous tree
Relationship between childhood traumas, cognitive distortions and aggression in forensic psychiatry patients aggression in forensic psychiatry patients
Full text linkAggression is a common problem in forensic psychiatric patients and an important problem for psychiatric nurses during the treatment, care and rehabilitation of patients. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between childhood traumas, cognitive distortions and aggression in forensic psychiatry patients. This descriptive study was conducted with 103 forensic psychiatry patients treated in a high security forensic psychiatry hospital. The data of study were collected Introductory Information Form, Childhood Psychological Traumas Scale (CTQ), Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS) and Buss-Perry Aggression Scale (BAQ). The data of the study were collected using the Introductory Information Form, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), which assesses traumatic experiences in childhood; the Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS), which measures dysfunctional thought patterns; and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ), which evaluates levels of aggression. The study found a significant positive correlation among childhood traumas, cognitive distortions, and aggression, indicating that higher levels of childhood trauma and cognitive distortions are associated with increased aggression. This study highlights the importance of considering both early traumatic experiences and cognitive processes together in the management and prevention of aggression among forensic psychiatric patients. The findings emphasize the necessity of taking these factors into account for risk assessment and effective treatment planning
Moral Injury Exposure Among Offenders in Türkiye: Experiences, Coping, and Values
No full textA growing body of research onmoral injury (MI) has focused on various occupational groups, particularly on military personnel and veterans. However, there is a notable gap in investigations ofMI in offender populations. This study was conducted to investigate the experiences and coping strategies of MI among offenders. Researchers have also identified the specific values that have been violated in MI. Method: The phenomenological design employed semistructured interviews to examine the offenders’ MI experiences. Thematic analysis techniques were used to investigate the participants’ feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. We recruited 15 participants from a larger sample based on their scores obtained on the administered scales and conducted in-depth interviews along with memos. Results: Three superordinate themes were conceptualized: (a) violated values, (b) experiences of MI, and (c) strategies for coping with MI. The empirical findings suggest that offenders have various experiences. These include frequent engagement in feelings, thoughts, and behaviors related to MI. Participants also demonstrated five categories of coping strategies: emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and spiritual. MI involves violation of numerous values. Conclusion: All offenders described in detail how they experienced and coped with moral injuries. Based on these findings, researchers suggest that mental health professionals working in penal institutions should implement programs to improve offenders’ well-being, particularly when encountering morally injurious events. This intervention could involve identifying personal values in order to develop strategies. © 2025 American Psychological Associatio
Drama-Based Read-Alouds in Preschool Classroom: Promoting Social Understanding, Social Problem Solving, and Peer Relationships
No full textReading aloud to young children can positively impact their social and emotional development during preschool. However, further exploration is needed to determine how drama-based read-alouds (DBRAs) could enhance these benefits. In this sense, this study examined the effects of the DBRA intervention on preschoolers' social understanding, social problem-solving skills, and peer relationships. Seventy preschool children aged between 52 and 72 months (37 girls, M = 62.71 months, SD = 5.37) participated in a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group intervention design. During the intervention, teachers conducted DBRA sessions 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Multilevel analysis revealed that DBRAs significantly improved children's social understanding and social problem-solving skills. While no significant changes were observed in peer relationships and social skills, there was a notable reduction in aggression among the intervention group. These findings highlight the potential of DBRAs as a valuable tool for promoting social competence in early childhood education
Enhanced UV detection in GaN-based photodetectors through InN/AlN heterostructure integration and doping-engineered PIN architecture
No full textThis study presents a comprehensive simulation-based optimization of gallium nitride (GaN)-based metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors designed for ultraviolet (UV) applications. The proposed device architecture incorporates a novel indium nitride/gallium nitride/aluminum nitride (InN/GaN/AlN) heterostructure integrated on a sapphire substrate, combined with refined doping strategies and interdigitated electrode geometry. By systematically analyzing the effects of mesa layer thickness, buffer layers, substrate type, and doping concentrations, we demonstrate significant enhancements in photocurrent generation, photoabsorption rate, and spectral responsivity. Notably, replacing the conventional sapphire substrate with silicon carbide (SiC) and introducing low-level p-type and n-type (p-n) doping into the GaN region enables p-i-n diode-like behavior, contributing to reduced dark current and improved UV selectivity. Building upon these structural enhancements, the final geometric optimization of the nickel/gold (Ni/Au) electrode fingers led to an approximately eightfold increase in photocurrent compared to the initial design, representing the most significant contribution to the improvement in absorption efficiency. These findings offer an effective route for designing next-generation MSM photodetectors with improved sensitivity, noise performance, and thermal compatibility, suitable for high-performance ultraviolet detection applications. (c) 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.029548
Insight into degenerate Bell-based Bernoulli polynomials with applications
Full text linkRecently, the Bell-based Stirling polynomials of the second kind and the Bell-based Bernoulli polynomials [U. Duran, S. Araci, M. Acikgoz, Axioms, 10 (2021), 23 pages] have been considered, and some of their properties and applications in umbral calculus have been derived and analyzed. In this work, a degenerate form of the Bell-based Stirling polynomials of the second kind is defined, and several fundamental properties and formulas for these polynomials are investigated and presented in detail. Then, a degenerate form of the Bell-based Bernoulli polynomials of order a is defined and a plenty of their properties are examined in different aspects. Several correlations with other polynomials and numbers in literature, symmetric identities, implicit summation formulas, derivative properties and addition formulas for the mentioned new polynomials are derived in detail, and some special cases of these results are investigated. Also, the degenerate Bell-based Bernoulli polynomials of order e are studied in A-umbral calculus and interesting relations and formulas are developed. Furthermore, the application of A-umbral calculus to Bell-based degenerate Bernoulli polynomials of order e shows a correlation with higher-order degenerate derangement polynomials. Finally, a representation of the degenerate differential operator on the degenerate Bell-based Bernoulli polynomials of order e is provided